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THE

HISTORY

OF THE

indent an& l^onovabk

ARTILLERY COMPANY,

[REVISED AND ENLARGED]

FROM

ITS FORMATION IN 1637 AND CHARTER IN 1638,
TO THE PRESENT TIME;

COMPRISING THE

BIOGRAPHIES

OF THE DISTINGUISHED

CIVIL, LITERARY, RELIGIOUS, AND MILITARY MEN OF

THE COLONY, PROVINCE, AND COMMONWEALTH.

BY THE LATE

ZACHARIAII O. IVHITMAN, A. M.

BOSTON, MASS.

©econb QEbitioK.

BOSTON:

JOHN H. EASTBURN, PRINTER,

No. 18 State Street.

1842.

Lsttr f\to^.^ ^IZ- ZvoZZ

Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year one thousand eight hundred
and forty-two, by the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company,
in the Clerli's OfSce of the District Court of Massachusetts.

:^9

7¥

INTRODUCTION.

The undersigned, a Comnnittee to superintend the publication of
this History, have devoted to tliat duty the time they could spare
from their other avocations, and now submit the volume to the
candor of their associates and to the public.

They feel none of that v/eight of responsibility, which a work of
history and biography necessarily imposes on an author, nor the
slightest accountability for the correctness of matter, or even the
arrangement. They fully, however, accord their conviction that the
work is one of great interest, correctness and value; and they need
not say that the Company have spared no expense to honor its public
" appearance."

The compiler was well known, for thirty years, as an assiduous
friend of the institution, a History of which, published in 1820, was
considered a work of merit; in comparison, however, this edition is
vastly more accurate, comprehensive, and didactic. He was equally
remarkable for his antiquarian and historical taste ; and we gladly
embrace the opportunity to add, that the manuscript passed under
the inquisitorial eye of John Farmer, Esq, one of the most accurate
and distinguished antiquarians of our country. It was prepared for
publication toward the close of the second Centennial Anniversary,
but, for reasons unknown, postponed. The Committee think the
omission of a minute narrative of the CC Anniversary to be judi-
cious, since the details of such an occasion would have swelled the
book, (as in the instance of Quincy's History of Harvard College,)
without interesting any, except the actors in the scene.

It may be regretted that the learned University historian could not
have inspected the labors of this compiler, as the College and the
Company were twin-born institutions — mutual friends and co-workers

for the common good. Two Histories, more exactly descriptive of
the past successive generations of the New England people, could
not probably be compiled from the archives of existing institutions.
To the Colonial and Provincial eras, with their characteio and events,
the public mind is ever intently turned. Every chronicle and tablet,
every inscription found upon hearth-stone or tomb-slone, leads us,
as by a new path, through the forest of American settlement. The
College educated, the Pulpit encouraged, the Militia defended ; des-
pondency brightened into confidence, and the few have now become
a great nation. Well may present and future members take an hon-
est pride in connecting themselves, by succession, with the Pilgrim,
the Provincial, and the Soldier of the Revolution. To the native
soil of their native home let them cling, with fonder, more filial
affection, than if it were classic ground; seeing it was consecrated
by the nobler spirit of Christian freedom and philanthropy.

In adopting the large size type, the Committee are compelled to
exclude the list of Preachers, other than of the Artillery Company,
which, as stated, pp. 69 — 70, the compiler had prepared. A few
trifling omissions of matter, irrelevant to our history, have also been
found necessary in order to confine the book to a convenient limit.
Since the compiler's death, the Roll has been continued to the pres-
ent time, avoiding extended biographies of the present members, as
a point of propriety, unless they have held a commission in the Com-
pany, or high military rank.

The compiler's biography was written by one of the Committee.

If, in the opinion of any member, past or present, aught should
have been said or omitted, it will be borne in mind that the subject
is one of much delicacy, and the Committee would assume no re-
sponsibility in the premises. The work is a public work, and can-
not authorize any recommendation on the part of the institution,
except that which results from its historical merit as a chronicle of
men and things passed away — leaving some worthy mementos to
their descendants.

SAMUEL A. ALLEN, ^

GEORGE M. THACHER, [ Committee.
GEORGE H. WHITMAN, )

Boston, May Uth, 1842.

HISTORY

OF THE

ANCIENT AND HONORABLE
ARTILLERY COMPANY.

A PRINTED history of the Ancient and Honorable
Artillery Company, has long been an object interesting
and desirable. Several attempts have, at different pe-
riods, been made to transmit to posterity what could be
gleaned from its records ; but so detached and imperfect
were the materials, that to discover and trace the mili-
tary events connected with them was a labor no one
was willing to undertake. A sketch of its history was
published in 1820. Since that time many errors in fact,
and many new facts, have been discovered, which have
induced the original compiler to revise the same, and,
by a different arrangement, to present a more authentic
history.

This Company was the first regular organized com-
pany in America. It may be considered the germ
from which all our military character in New England,
if not in the United States, has sprung; and to the for-
mation of this Company may, therefore, justly be at-
tributed the decided superiority of the New England
Militia.

Most writers upon the early history of our country
have confined themselves to ecclesiastical affairs. Every
particle of information respecting the private character
of the first planters, especially those who were members
of this Company, becomes valuable. Our venerable
forefathers, driven by religious persecution from their

native land, to these uncivilized shores, brought with
them a spirit of freedom, which two hundred years have
not extinguished — which has been transmitted to their
descendants improved by education, ennobled and
brightened by constant exercise, and, like genuine ore,
has not only been purified from its accompanying dust
and dross, but lost nothing of its original solidity or
value. To use the v/ords of a distinguished son of one
of the earliest patriots of the revolution, the people of
New England ^^ were ahvays free.''^ They were pious,
brave and enterprising. Surrounded by savage tribes,
who were jealous and treacherous, they were obliged
to be on the alert, and while piety sanctified the cause,
necessity nerved the arm, to defend their infant Com-
monwealth.

As no regular military force accompanied the first
settlers, or planters, they formed voluntary military as-
sociations for defence, commonly stiled "bands," or
"train bands." These voluntary associations consti-
tuted the whole military before it assumed any regular
organization by the Government of the Colony in the
year 1644. On the 7th of 10th month, 1636, there
were seven of these bands, viz : the band of Boston,
led by Capt. John Underbill, with Edward Gibbons as
Lieutenant, and Robert Hardinge as Ensign ; the band
of Dorchester, led by Capt.* Israel Stoughton, with
Nathaniel Duncan as Lieutenant, and John Holman as
Ensign ; — the band of Charlestown, led by Capt. Rob-
ert Sedgwick, with f as Lieutenant ; —

the band of Watertown, led by Capt. Wilham Geinson,
or Jennison ; the band of Newton, led by Capt. George

* I find the name Ezekiel only in a solitary ancient copy of the Roll ; in dl
other Rolls there is no christian name. I presume Israel is the true christian
name.

t The former edition gives Francis Norton as Lieutenant of this band in 1636 ;
but erroneously, for Norton did not leave New Hampshire till 1641, and then came
to reside in Charlestown.

Cooke, with William Spencer as Lieutenant ; the band

of Saugus, led by , in which Daniel

Haugh, or Howe, was Lieutenant, and Richard (by
some Robert) Walker was Ensign ; and the band of
Ipswich, led by Capt. Daniel Dennison, with Richard
Davenport as Lieutenant. These are all the names of
officers transmitted to us ; all of whom are among the
primary members. Although they had selected the
most experienced, learned and skilful, as leaders, they
found their scattered situation, and deficiency in tactics
and discipline, rendered them unequal and unable, not-
withstanding their courage, to cope with an artful foe.
It is proper here to give all the information we pos-
sess relative to the Honorable Artillery Company of
London, of which the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
may be considered as originally a branch. The follow-
ing was obtained by the friendly aid of Rev. J. S. J.
Gardiner, D. D. of Boston, previous to his death on a
visit to England, and afterwards transmitted to the com-
piler. It is a letter from Petty Vaughan, Esq., of Lon-
don, who acquired his information from a Mr. White
then a member and is as follows. London, July 17th,
1 830. Sir — The Artillery Company, London. A vol-
untary band made up of respectable men, and in time
of peace rather a skeleton to be filled up when occasion
requires. They have occasional drills during peace.
Was originally a branch of St. George^s Guild,^ from
which other corps have also sprung. One in Ireland
and perhaps that in Boston. The Company have funds
from estates, which defray their expenses of music, &c ;
but Mr. White could not state whence they were
originally derived. The Artillery Company had a char-
ter granted in Henry VIII reign, which is given at

* Guild — Johnson's Dictionary says (Saxon) a society; a corporation, a fra-
ternity,—and quotes Cowell.

length in Woods-Bowmans Glory, printed two hundred
years ago, and a very rare book. On the accession of
each King, a warrant is granted to last during his
reign, and is now promised by William IV. The
King has the power of appointing the Captain General,
and has usually nominated himself. He may also ap-
point the Colonel, but that officer with the rest are
usually elected by the Company, which may be about
1000 strong. The Duke of Sussex is the present
Colonel, and was elected. When the warrant by a
new King is granted a fresh set of Rules are printed.
This may be some months hence, when Mr. White (17
or 18) of Artillery Place, Finsbury, has promised a
copy. Highmore's History of the Artillery Company,
published about thirty-seven years ago, contains an ac-
count of it from its commencement ; but is a scarce
book.

A subsequent letter of February 18th, 1831, inclosed
the following as a copy of the " Rules and Orders" of
the Honorable Artillery Company originally made in
1658, severally revised and amended to the year 1830.

PREAMBLE.

By virtue and in pursuance of the authorities with which the
Honorable Artillery Company has been invested by the Patents and
Warrants of His Majesty's Predecessors, and is invested by the
Royal Warrant of His present Majesty King William the IV., dated
the twenty-first day of August, 1830, whereby His Majesty is gra-
ciously pleased to declare himself Captain General* of the Company,
and his Illustrious Brother, Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of
Sussex, the Colonel ; and confirming the immemorial rights and
usages of the Company to make Laws for its own government, the
following Articles were, at a General Court held for that purpose at
the Armory House, on the eighteenth day of November^ 1830, ap-
proved, and declared to be the Rules and Orders thereof.

* While George IV. was Captain General, the Lord Mayor of London, for the
time being, was President.

Article I. That this Company do consist of a President, Vice
President, Treasurer, Colonel, Lieut. Colonel, Major, Chaplain, Ad-
jutant, Physician, Two Surgeons, Quarter Master, and Sergeant
Major, Eight Battalion Companies, Two Flank Companies, (viz. :
Grenadiers and Light Infantry,) a Yager, an Artillery, an Archers,
and a Veteran Company.

Article II. That the Veteran Company do consist of not more
than thirty members, and be honorably distinguished in being com-
posed of members admitted into it by the Court of Assistants, on
the recommendation of the Military Committee.

Article III. That the Company be governed by a Court of
Assistants, consisting of the President, Vice President, Treasurer,
Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, Major, and Adjutant ; twenty-four
elective Assistants, the Lord Mayor, the Aldermen, and Sheriffs, of
the City of London, for the time being.

Article IV. That no person in future be admitted an honorary
member of the Court of Assistants.

Article V. That the military affairs of the Company be regu-
lated by a Committee, consisting of the Field Officers and Adjutant,
subject to the control of the Court of Assistants.

Article VI. That all elections be by ballot.

Article VII. That a General Court be annually held, the first
Thursday in December, for the affairs of the Company, and the
choice of a President, Vice President, Treasurer, twenty-four elect-
ive Assistants, and Officers for the year, viz., Colonel, (when not
especially appointed by the Crown,) Lieutenant Colonel, Major,
Chaplain, Adjutant, Physician, Two Surgeons, Quarter Ma^er, and
Sergeant Major : likewise for the Servants of the Company, viz, a
Secretary, Assistant Secretary, and Messenger.

Article VIII. That, twenty-eight days previous to the annual
General Court, each Company shall deliver, by its commandino-
Officer, to the Secretary, the names of three members thereof, to
which the Court of Assistants may add twelve other names: and
these conjunctively, shall be returned to the General Court, for the
election of twenty-four, to serve on the Court of Assistants for the
year ensuing. And if any six members be desirous of making any
alteration in the Civil Chiefs, Field Officers, Staff, or Servants, of
the Company, a list of names for such alterations, signed by them,
shall be delivered to the Secretary twenty-eight days previous to the
annual General Court.

Article IX. That the Court of Assistants may convene a special
General Court, whenever it shall think expedient.

Article X. That if one eighth, but in no case less than thirty

members of the Company shall be desirous of having a special
General Court convened, they shall give notice, in writing, to the
Court of Assistants, specifying the subject on which such Court is
to meet ; and no special General Court shall be convened under any
other authority, unless the Court of Assistants shall refuse or neglect
to comply with the said requisition, for the space of twenty-one days :
in which case the said requesting members may direct the Secretary
to summon the General Court, and when sixty members are assem-
bled they may proceed to business. The summons, convening the
special General Court, to be, in all cases, delivered or sent to all the
members, at least seven days prior to the time appointed for holding
the Court, and to specify the subject to be taken into consideration :
and no other matter shall be discussed than what shall be expressed
in such summons.

Article XI. That, for preserving due decorum in the proceed-
ings and deliberations of the General Courts, the President, Vice
President, Treasurer, and Field Officers shall preside, according to
rank ; and, if none of the above attend, the Court shall choose a
Chairman. That no person be permitted to speak to one question
more than twice, unless called upon to explain. All motions to be
delivered to the Chairman, in writing, and decided by the holding
up of hands, unless, on a previous motion, it be agreed to determine
any particular question by ballot. If two members demand a divis-
ion, it shall be allowed ; those voting against the question shall with-
draw.— That no Protests be received. — That no Court be adjourned
or dissolved, without a question for that purpose. — That no business
be permitted at the annual General Court, after the ballot shall have
commenced, except the election of the Officers of Companies, and
the declaration of the ballot.

Article XII. That no motion shall be made at any annual Gen-
eral Court, to alter or rescind any rule or order of the Company,
unless the summons for such Court shall specify the alteration in-
tended to be made. And if one eighth, but in no case less than
thirty members shall be desirous of altering or rescinding any such
rule or order, at any annual General Court, and shall give twenty-
eight days notice, in writing, to the Secretary, the Court of Assist-
ants shall cause the same to be specified in the summons for such
annual General Court.

Article XIII. That, as often as there shall happen to be four
vacancies of elected members of the Court of Assistants, a General
Court shall be Ccdled to fill up the same ; and, in case any Civil
Chief, Officer, or Servant of the Company (mentioned in the seventh
Article) shall die, resign, or be discontinued, the Court of Assistants

shall, from time to time, proceed to fill up such vacancy for the re-
mainder of the year ; and shall order any vacancy that may happen
in any Company, to be filled up by the members of such Company,
subject to their approval, as to the regularity of election.

Article XIV. That no change whatever shall be made in any
part of the Regimentals of the Company, except with the approba-
tion of the Court of Assistants, upon the recommendation of the
Military Committee, or by the votes of two thirds of the members
present at a General Court.

Article XV. That any Gentleman desirous of becoming a
member, shall be recommended to the Court of Assistants, by five
members of the Company, to whom he is well known: which recom-
mendation shall be delivered in writing to the Court, specifying the
name, age, place of abode, and occupation, of the candidate, and
whether he has been a member of any other and what Corps ; and if
approved, his name and description shall be put up in writing by
the Secretary, in the Court room aud some other conspicuous place
in the Armory house, until the next Court shall assemble ; the sum-
monses to be underwritten, " to ballot for the candidate," mention-
ing his name and description, and the Corps (if any) to which he
belonged ; that he, with one of the members recommending, shall
attend such Court, when, if he be of proper appearance, and doth
satisfy the Court that he is well affected to His Majesty and the
Constitution, that he will be obedient to all the Rules and Orders
of the Company, and will attend his duty upon every occasion when
he shall be summoned for that purpose, the Court may proceed to
ballot. Gentlemen under twenty-one years of age must produce the
approbation of their parents or guardians.

Article XVI. That no person shall be entitled to vote upon
any occasion until he has been a member six calendar months.

Article XVII. That members under twenty-one years of age
shall be designated Cadets, and not be allowed, during such minori-
ty, to vote at a General Court, nor be eligible to sit upon the Court
of Assistants, nor be elected officers.

Article XVIII. That the Court of Assistants be empowered to
expel any member who shall recommend a person under a fictitious
description, and the members so recommended.

Article XIX. That every gentleman, at his admission, do pay
three pounds fifteen shillings to the Company, five shillings to the
Secretary, two shillings to the Messenger, and two shillings for
charitable uses.

Article XX. That every member do pay, to the person ap-
pointed to collect the same two pounds two shillings per annum, (in

advance) commencing from Michaelmas 1831 ; that no person shall
have a right to vote at a General Court, or be chosen into any office,
until he has paid the same, it having been demanded ; and, on re-
fusal to comply, he shall be summoned before the first Court of
Assistants after Lady-Day, to answer for such neglect or refusal ;
and, if he do not then pay or attend the said Court, they are em-
powered to expel him the Company.

Article XXI. That, if any member be guilty of any act which
affects the peace, honor, or prosperity, of the Company, the Court
of Assistants, on proof thereof, are empowered, to censure, fine, or
expel him : subject to an appeal to a General Court.

Article XXII. That whoever may be elected Secretary, or
Collector, or appointed to any other place of trust, shall, within
twenty-eight days after his election, give such security as the Court
of Assistants may think proper, and in default thereof the appoint-
ment shall be void. That the accounts of the Company be audited,
at least once a year, to Michaelmas : and the state thereof reported
to the annual General Court in December following.

Article XXIII. That the Court of Assistants be empowered to
fine, suspend, or discharge, any of the servants of the Company who
shall misbehave or neglect their duty, and shall report the same to
the next General Court.

Article XXIV. That the Court of Assistants be empowered to
make any Rules or Orders they may see necessary, which are not
contrary to the Orders of a General Court ; and such Rules and Or-
ders shall be immediately printed and distributed to all the mem-
bers of the Company.

Article XXV. That the Officers be chosen separately, by ballot,
by the respective Companies, at the annual General Court in Decem-
ber, immediately after the ballot for the Chiefs, Field Officers, Court
Assistants, and Servants, of the Company, during the scrutiny ; and
that those engaged upon the scrutiny be allowed to ballot in their
respective Companies by proxy; and that all elections of officers of
companies shall be reported to the next meeting of the Court of As-
sistants, for their approval as to the regularity of such elections.

Article XXVI. That no person belonging to any other military
corps shall be an officer of this Company, or a member of the Court
of Assistants thereof.

Article XXVII. That if any member withdraw himself from
this Company, he shall not be re-admitted but on paying the usual
fees of admission ; and, if he does not assign sufficient reason to the
Court of Assistants, he shall also pay the arrears of subscription
from the time he withdrew.

Article XXVIII. That in cases of public emergency, or of im-
portance to the honor and interest of the Company, wherein decision
is required before the Court of Assistants can be regularly convened,
the Court of Assistants may assemble without summons, and when
five are met they are empowered to order the members to assemble
under arms, or to issue any otiier orders that the urgency of the case
may require, and shall give directions for a special Court of Assist-
ants being summoned to meet within three days to consider of their
proceedings.

Several of the first planters had belonged to the Hon-
orable Artillery Company in London, and probably de-
sired to establish a branch of it in the place of their
adoption, as well as to benefit their infant Colony,
which then consisted of only fifteen towns, viz. Salem,
Charlestown, Boston, Cambridge, Dorchester, Roxbury,
Watertown, Medford, Ipswich, Newbury, Hingham,
Concord, Weymouth, Dedham and Lynn. " Many of
the first Fathers of New England justly deserved the
character of being shining ornaments of the Church of
Christ, as well as the strongest bulwarks of civil socie-
ty ; they were noble instances of sublime piety and mar-
tial accomplishments : — they w^ere equally qualified to
adorn the Church by their exemplary virtue, and de-
fend it by their valour." - They, therefore, such as the
leaders and officers of the voluntary train bands before
mentioned, and the principal magistrates and citizens,
formed a new military association, and as early as
1637, met for improvement in discipline and tactics.
Of the associates in 1637, the names of only twenty-
four have been preserved.

A petition was addressed to Governor VVinthrop for
a charter of incorporation ; but it appears they did not
meet with success in their first application. Gov. Win-
throp says: Mo. 12, 1637, "Divers gentlemen and
others, being joined in a military Company, desired to
be made a corporation, &c. But the Council, consid-
ering [from the example of the Pretorian band among

the Romans, and the Templars of Europe] how dan-
gerous it miglit be to erect a standing authority of mih-
tary men, which might easily, in time, overthrow the
civil power, thought fit to stop it betimes. Yet they
were allowed to be a Company, but subordinate to all
authority." Another writer, using nearly the same
words, adds, " thus were the chief rulers of the country
not only ready to espy, but timely prevent any incon-
veniency that might in aftertimes arise." It is also
supposed that the government were averse to granting
a charter, because many of the most conspicuous of the
members, or applicants, were warm adherents of the
famous Mrs. Hutchinson, and the constituted authorities
being her opponents were unwilling to grant the peti-
tion..

In the records of the government of the Colony, now
preserved in the Secretary's office, is found under date
of 17th 3d month 1638, the following notice of the
Company : " The Military Company of Boston may
present two or three to the Council, to choose a cap-
tain out of them." Also, " Captain Keayne and the
Military Company have power to exercise where they
please, and to make use of so many of the common
arms as they need ; and a warrant from any of the
Council is sufficient for the delivery of them unto Cap-
tain Keayne, or such as he shall appoint." They were
therefore permitted to continue their voluntary associa-
tion;' but men who had braved the dangers of the
winds and waves for conscience sake, and whose firm-
ness, courage, and piety were a shield and protection
in every emergency, were not to be shaken in their
resolutions or baffled in their enterprises. By perse-
verance they obtained a charter ; which, as extracted
from the original records of the Colony, March 1,7th,
1638, O. S. reads thus:

" Orders for the Military Company, made by the Governor and
Council, and confirmed by the General Court.

" Whereas divers Gentlemen and others, out of their care of the
publick weal and safety, by the advancement of the military art, and
exercise of arms, have desired license of the Court to join themselves
in one Company, and to have the liberty to exercise themselves, as
their occasions will best permit ; and that such liberties and privi-
leges might be granted them, as the Court should think meet, for
their better encouragement and furtherance in so useful an employ-
ment; which request of theirs being referred unto us of the Stand-
ing Council, we have thought fit, upon serious consideration, and
conference with divers of the principal of them, to set dov.n and or-
der herein as followeth :

" Imprimis. We do order, that Robert Keayiic, Nathaniel Dun-
can, Robert Sedgwick, William Spencer, Gentlemen, and such others
as are already joined with them, and such as they shall from time to
time take into their Company, shall be called the Blilitary Company
of Blassachusetts.

" 2dly. They or the greater number of them, shall have liberty to
choose their Captain, Lieutenant, and all other officers. Their Cap-
tain and Lieutenant to be always such as the Court or Council shall
allow of; and no officer be put upon them, but of their own choice.

" 3dly. The first Monday in every month is appointed for their
meeting and exercise ; and to the end that they may not be hindered
from coming together, we do hereby order, that no other training in
the particular towns, nor other ordinary town meetings, shall be ap-
pointed on that day ; and if that day prove unseasonable for the ex-
ercise of their arms, then the sixth of the same week is appointed
for supply. This not to extend to Salem, or the towns beyond, noy
to HJngham, Weymouth, Dedhara, nor Concord.*

* In the early records of the Company, and transcrijit made in pursuance of
Daniel Henchman, the commander's orders, and under date of 1702, is incor-
porated another article numbered 3d and inseded between 3dly and 4th!y of
the Charter as here printed, viz : " None of the said Military Company, (except
such as shall be officers in any other train band in any particular town,) shall be
bound to give attendance upon their ordinary trainings." Snow, in his History of
Boston inserts this as an original part of the Charter •, but he took it from the
Charter as printed then for the use of the members from their records rather than
looking at the records of the Colony. The first Fiy-laws adopted 16.57 seem to be
founded on such an article, but it is presumed none such ever existed. It was a
custom adopted rather at the commencement of the Company and so handed
down, until, by tradition and use, it became merged or interpolated in the Charter.
It is however an important privilege of the Company, going to exempt all citizens.

" 4thly. They have liberty and power to make orders amongst
themselves, for the better managing their military affairs ; which or-
ders are to be of force, when they shall be allowed by the Court or
Council ; and they may appoint an officer to levy any fines or for-
feitures, which they shall impose upon any of their own Company^
for the breach of any such order, so as the same exceed not twenty
shillings for any one offence.

"othly. The said Military Company are to have one thousand
acres of land, (in some such place as may not be prejudicial to any
plantation,) to be granted by the Court to some of the said Com-
pany, for the use of the present Company, and such as shall succeed
in the same ; to be improved by them within a time convenient, for
providing necessaries for their military exercises, and defraying of
other charges, which may arise by occasion thereof.

'* 6thly. The said Company shall have liberty, at the time before
appointed, to assemble themselves for their military exercises, in any
town within this jurisdiction, at their own pleasure; provided al-
ways, that this order or grant, or anything therein contained, shall
not extend to free the said Company, or any of them, their persons
or estates, from the civil Government and jurisdiction here estab-
lished.

" John Winthrop, Governor.

" Thomas Dudley, Dep. Governor."

Under the sanction of the government of the Colony,
the Company was first organized by electing, on the
first Monday of June, 1638, Capt. Robert Keayne, as
Commander, Daniel Haugh,* or Howe, Lieutenant,
and Joseph Weld, Ensign. Lewis, in his recent his-
tory of Lynn, says, " 1638. First Monday of June.
The Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company organ-
ized. In the afternoon, between the hours of three and
four, there was very great earthquake. People found
it difficult to stand, and furniture and chimneys were
thrown down. Shocks were repeated for several weeks,
&c." It is worthy of remark here, and the fact is

otherwise liable to duty, from doing such duty in companies, within whose
bounds they may reside ; and as such has always received such construction.

* This name is spelt in old rolls and list of officers Haugh, but it undoubtedly
means Lieut. Daniel Howe of Lynn.

substantiated by tradition, among the oldest members,
that they rarely have known an Artillery Election day
without rain during some part of it. The subsequent
history of the Company, will proceed chronologically
as it regards the Roll, introducing as much biography
of its members as can be gleaned, and at the end of the
year such important acts or facts concerning the Com-
pany generally, or the militia of the State, as have any
connexion therewith, or may be interesting. The first
anniversary was therefore celebrated in June 1638,
though the voluntary association had existed, as before
remarked, for a year or more previous.

1637.
Capt. Robert Keayne. The first on the Roll, and
first named in the Charter. Where he was born, and
when, is unknown. He was by profession a merchant
tailor, and came from London, in company with his
brother in law, Rev. John Wilson, first minister of the
first Church founded in Boston. He was probably
somewhat advanced in age, since his only son and
child, Benjamin, is enrolled among the members admit-
ted 1638. He had been, previous to his emigration,
a member of the Honorable Artillery Company in Lon-
don. As he was admitted to the freeman's oath, at the
Court, May, 1636, we conclude he arrived the autumn
previous. He was received into Boston Church, March
20th, 1635-6. Of the sixty-two admitted freemen the
same day, he was one of the four who had the title Mr.,
the prefix of respect. We have already noticed him as
being the person to whom, by order of the Court, the
persons disarmed on account of Mrs. Hutchinson's
difficulties, were to surrender their arms ; he was there-
fore strictly orthodox, and adhered to the party of Gov.
Winthrop. He must have been wealthy before he left
London, for he was one of the forty-two who raised by

subscription £1,800, as an encouragement of the Plan-
tation at Plymouth, 7th April, 1624, by which its life
was preserved.

Capt. Keayne was the first Commander of the Com-
pany, elected June, 1638, and again elected its Captain,
1647, on its tenth anniversary. We have no evidence
that he sustained any mihtary office higher in rank than
Captain. Many important offices and trusts were com-
mitted to his charge, both in town and State affairs. In
all the earliest town meetings in Boston, Capt. Keayne
took an active and leading part, and was their Deputy
in the General Court, 1638, they holding four courts in
a year, and doing all their business generally in a few
days. He was also their Deputy at the first Court,
1639. In 1642 and ever after, the Deputies were
elected for a year, and he again served as Deputy in
1645-6-8 and 9, in which station his activity and use-
fulness were equally conspicuous. He became a man
of large property, distinguished for his piety and be-
nevolence ; and in every plan for improvement or enter-
prise, for building up the church, the town, the college,
or colony at large, Robert Keayne's name appears as a
patron. So eminently useful were his services, and he
stood so high in the estimation of the Government, that
in May, 1639, a grant of four hundred acres of land
had been made to him, when others, of no larger quan-
tity, were made to several gentlemen of the first rank
in the Colony.

His industry must have been great ; for, in addition
to his private affairs and public duties, he was in the
habit of taking minutes of the various and almost per-
petual church proceedings, several of which, with ser-
mons he heard, taken in short hand, or in substance,
are preserved in the Historical Library of Massachu-
setts, all in his own hand writing. This was an early
custom amoncr our forefathers, but it is difficult to de-

cipher them, on account of the loss of the key ; never-
theless they have been of great use to the antiquary.
His name appears spelt differently, being sometimes
spelt Cane, Cayne, Kene, Keene, Keine, Keaine. His
house was situated at the south-west corner of State
and Washington Streets, opposite the then market,
upon whicii the Old State House now stands, and there
probably stood his shop.*

Notwithstanding this excellent character, we learn
he did not comply in all things with the rigid morality
of his puritanical brethren. He was, in 1639, com-
plained of before the General Court for great oppres-
sion. VVinthrop gives the following account of the
matter, under date of month 9th, 1639. "At a General
Court holden at Boston, great complaint was made of
the oppression used in the country, in the sale of for-
eign commodities ; and Mr. Robert Kaine, who kept a
shop in Boston, was, notoriously above others, observed
and complained of; and, being covenanted, he was
charged with many particulars : in some, for taking
above six pence in the shilling profit ; in some, above
eight pence ; and in some small things, above two for
one : and being hereof convict, (as appears by the
records,) he was fined £200, which came thus to pass.
The deputies considered, apart, of his i&ne, and set it
at £200 ; the magistrates agreed but to £100. So, the
Court being divided, at length it was agreed, that his
fine should be £200, but he should pay but £100, and
the other should be respited to the further consideration
of the next General Court. By this means the magis-
trates and deputies were brought to an accord, which
otherwise had not been likely, and so much trouble
might have grown, and the offender escaped censure.
For the cry of the country was so great against oppres-

*See Book of Possessions ; and Snow's History of Boston, p. 117.

sion, and some of the elders and magistrates had de-
clared such detestation of the corrupt practice of this
man (which was the more observable, because he was
wealthy, and sold dearer than most other tradesmen,
and for that he was of ill report for the like covetous
practice in England, that incensed the deputies very
much against him.) And sure the course was very
evil, especial circumstances considered : 1st. He be-
ing an ancient professor of the gospel : 2d. A man of
eminent parts : 3d. Wealthy, and having but one child :
4th. Having come over for conscience sake, and for
the advancement of the gospel here : 5th. Having been
formerly dealt with and admonished, both by private
friends and also by some of the magistrates and elders,
and having promised reformation ; being a member of
a church and commonwealth now in their infancy, and
under the curious observation of all churches and civil
States in the world. These added much aggravation
to his sin, in the judgment of all men of understanding.
Yet most of the magistrates (though they discerned of
the offence clothed with all these circumstances) would
have been more moderate in their censure : 1st. Be-
cause there was no law in force to limit or direct men
in point of profit in their trade : 2d. Because it is the
common practice, in all countries, for men to make use
of advantages for raising the prices of their commodi-
ties: 3d. Because (though he were chiefly aimed at,
yet) he was not alone in this fault : 4th. Because all
men through the country, in sale of cattle, corn, labour,
&:c., were guilty of the hke excess in prices: 5th. Be-
cause a certain rule could not be found out for an equal
rate between buyer and seller, though much labour had
been bestowed in it, and divers laws had been made,
which, upon experience, were repealed, as being neitlier
safe nor equal. Lastly, and especially, because the law
of God appoints no other punishment but double resti-

tution : and, in some cases, as where the offender freely
confesseth, and brings his offering, only half added to
the principal. After the Court had censured him, the
Church of Boston called him also in question, where
(as before he had done in the court) he did, loith tears,
acknowledge and bewail his covetous and corrupt heart,
yet making some excuse for many of the particulars,
which were charged upon him, as partly by pretence of
ignorance of the true price of some wares, and chiefly
by being misled by some false principles, as: 1st. That
if a man lost in one commodity, he might help himself
in the price of another: 2d. That if, through want of
skill or other occasion, his commodity cost him more
than the price of the market in England, he might then
sell it for more than the price of the market in New
England, &c. These things gave occasion to Mr. Cot-
ton, in his public exercise the next lecture day, to lay
open the error of such false principles, and to give rules
of direction. Some false principles were these :

1st. That a man might sell as dear as he can, and buy as cheap
as he can.

2d. If a man lose, by casualty of sea, &c., in some of his com-
modities, he may raise the price of the rest.

3d. That he may sell as he bought, though he paid too dear, &c.,
and though the commodity be fallen, &lg.

4th. That, as a man may take the advantage of his own skill, or
ability, so he may of another's ignorance or necessity.

5th. Where one gives time for payment, he is to take like recom-
pense of one as of another.

The rules for trading were these:

1st, A man may not sell above the current price: i. e. such a
price as is usual in the time and place, and as another (who knows
the worth of the. connnodity) would give for it, if he had occasion
to use it ; as that is called current money, which every man will
take, &-C.

2d. When a man loseth in his commodity for want of skill, &-c.,
he must look at it as his own fault or cross, and therefore must not
lay it upon another.

3d. Where a man loseth by casualty at sea, or &c., it is a loss cast
upon himself by providence, and he may not ease himself of it by
casting it upon another ; for so a man should seem to provide against
all providences, &i,c., that he should never lose : but where there is
a scarcity of the commodity, there men may raise their price; for
now it is a hand of God upon the commodity, and not the person.

4th. A man may not ask any more for his commodity than his
selling price, as Ephraiin to Abraham, the land is worth so much.

The cause being debated by the church, some were
earnest to have him excommunicated ; but the most
thought an admonition would be sufficient. Mr. Cotton
opened the causes which required excommunication,
out of th.at in 1st Corinthians, v, 11th. The point now
in (juestion was, whether these actions did declare him
to be such a covetous person, &:c. Upon which he
showed, that it is neither the habit of covetousness,
(which is in every man in some degree,) nor simply the
act, that declares a man to be such, but when it ap-
pears, that a man sins against his conscience, or the
very light of nature, and when it appears in a man's
whole conversation. But Mr. Kcaine did not appear to
be such, but rather upon an error in his judgment, be-
ing led by false principles ; and besides, he is otherwise
liberal, as in hospitality, and in church communion, &c.
So, in the end, the church consented to an admonition.
Upon this occasion a question grew, whether an admo-
nition did bar a nian from the sacrament, &c.

Under date of 3d mo. 13th, 1640, Winthrop says;
" This first Court there fell some difference between
the Governor'^ and some of the Deputies about a vote,
upon a motion to have the fine of £200 imposed upon
Mr. Robert Keaine to be abated. Some would have
had it at £100 — others at 100 marks, others at 50, and

*Keayne, in his will, says, Wintlirop was prejudiced against him, but changed
his opinion on the niaUer shortly before his death, and designed to have moved
the Court for restitution of the fine.

jecauselhe Governor put the lowest to the vote first,
whereas divers called for the highest, they charged the
Governor with breach of order, whereupon he grew
into some heat, prolessing that he would not suffer such
things, &c. The Deputies took this as a menacing,
and much offence they took at it ; but the next day he
cleared his intention to them, and all was quiet." Dud-
ley, who was brother-in-law to Keayne, was Governor
at this election in the room of Winthrop, he having de-
clined a reelection that year from the republican prin-
ciple of a rotation in office. The Colony Records I.
276, May session, 1640, say, "Mr. Robert Keayne had
£120 of his iine remitted him; so that there remains
only £80 to be paid by him."

From the foregoing we may conclude that Capt.
K. was not added to the list of martyrs, nor his
judges or persecutors canonized as saints. How sur-
prising that grave Governors and Legislators, learned
Divines and pious Christians, should waste their time
and abuse their talents upon such absurd and trifling
subtleties. It may seriously lead us to doubt both their
sanctijication and justification, when they could spend
their time about such metaphysical nonsense. But it is
always the case when a Theocracy has the supremacy ;
for it is necessary, as soon as the religious fever has
reached its height, to furnish some aliment to keep up
the tone, and none other is so nutritious as regulating
each others' private concerns and characters. A sort
of espionage is tolerated and encouraged, which pros-
trates all freedom of thought and action, and every
liberal feeling, while it gives the chief actors great eclat,
and enhnnces their claims to superior holiness. We
should remember that empty vessels always produce the
loudest sound.

Unhappily, Keayne fell under obloquy again : a less
probable, though more ingenious accusation was pre-

ferred, of which a very particular relation is here ex-
tracted from Savage's edition of Winthrop. At a ses-
sion of the General Court, month 2o. 22o. 1642.
" There fell out a great business upon a very small
occasion. Anno 1636, there was a stray sow in Boston,
which was brought to Capt. Keayne : he had it cried
divers times, and divers came to see it, but none made
claim to it for near a year. He kept it in his yard
with a sow of his own. Afterwards one Sherman's wife,
having lost such a sow, laid claim to it, but came not
to see it, till Capt. Keayne had killed his own sow.
After being showed the stray sow, and finding it to
have other marks than she had claimed h^ sow by, she
gave out that he had killed her sow. The noise hereof
being spread about the town, the matter was brought
before the elders of the church as a case of offence ;
many witnesses were examined, and Capt. Keayne was
cleared. She not being satisfied with this, by the in-
stigation of one George Story, a young merchant of
jjondon, who kept in her house, (her husband being
then in England,) and had been brought before the Gov-
ernor upon complaint of Capt. Keayne as living under
suspicion, she brought the cause to the inferior Court
at Boston, where, upon a full hearing, Capt. Keayne
v/as again cleared, and the jury gave him £3 for his
costs, and he, bringing his action against Story and her
for reporting about that he had stolen her sow, recov-
ered £20 damages of either of them. Story upon this
searcheth town and country to find matter against Capt.
Keayne about this stray sow, and got one of his wit-
nesses to come into Salem Court and to confess there
that he had foresworn himself; and upon this he peti-
tions in Sherman's name, to this General Court, to have
the cause heard again, which was granted, and the best
part of seven days were spent in examining of witnesses
and debating of the cause ; and yet it was not deter-

mined, for, there being nine Magistrates and thirty
Deputies, no sentence could bj law pass without the
greater number of both, which neither Piaintifi' nor
Defendant had, for there were for the Piaintiti' two
Magistrates and fifteen Deputies, and for the Defendant
seven Magistrates and eight Deputies, the other seven
Deputies stood doubtful. Much contention and earn-
estness there was, which indeed did mostly arise from
the difficulty of the case, in regard of cross witnesses,
and some prejudices (as one professed) against the per-
son, which blinded some men's judgments that they
could not attend the true nature and course of the evi-
dence. For all the Plaintift''s witnesses amounted to
no more but an evidence of probability, so as they
might all swear true, and yet the sow in question might
not be the Plaintifi^'s. But the Defendant's witnesses
gave a certain evidence, upon their certain knowledge,
and that upon certain grounds, (and these as many and
more, and of as good credit as the others,) so, as, if this
testimony were true, it was not possible the sow should
be the Plaintiff's. Besides, whereas the Plaintiff's wife
was admitted to take her oath for the marks of her sow,
the Defendant and his wife (being a very godly, sober
woman) was denied the like, although propounded in
the Court by Mr. Cotton, upon that rule in the law
[blank] he shall swear he hath not put his hands to his
neighbour's goods. Yet they both in the open Court
solemnly, as in the presence of God, declared their
innocency, &c. Further, if the case had been doubtful,
yet the Defendant's lawful possession ought to have
been preferred to the Plaintiff's doubtful title, for in
equali jure mehor est conditio possidentis. But the
Defendant being of ill report in the country for a hard
dealer in his course of trading, and having been for-
merly censured in the Court and in the church also,
by admonition for such offences, carried many weak

minds strongly against him. And the trnth is, he was
very worthy of blame in that kind, as divers others in
the country were also in those times, though they were
not detected as he was ; yet to give every man his due,
he was very useful to the country, both by his hos-
pitality and otherwise. But one dead fly spoils much
good ointment.

" There was great expectation in the country, by
occasion of Story's clamours against him, that the cause
would have passed against the Captain, but falling out
otherwise, gave occasion to many to speak unreverently
of the court, especially of the magistrates, and the report
went, that their negative voice had hindered the course
of justice, and that these magistrates must be put out,
that the power of the negative voice might be taken
away. Thereupon it was thought fit by the Governor
and other of the magistrates to publish a declaration of
the true state of the cause, that truth might not be con-
dennied unknown. This was framed before the court
brake up : for prevention whereof, the Governor ten-
dered a declaration in nature of a pacification, whereby
it might have appeared, that, howsoever the members
of the court dissented in judgment, yet they were the
same in afiection, and had a charitable opinion of each
other ; but this was opposed by some of the Plaintift''s
part, so it was laid by. And because there was much
labouring in the country upon a false supposition, that
the magistrate's negative voice stopped the Plaintiff in
the case of the sow, one of the magistrates published a
declaration of the necessity of repealing the same."

Savage, in a valuable note on the foregoing, adds the
following : " Frequent animadversions are found in our
records on cases of real or supposed overcharge for
labour and commodities. A ludicrous one, mentioned
by Hubbard, 248, is more satisfactorily stated in our
records of the Colony, I. 250. at a General Court, 22d

of 3d mo. 1639: 'Edward Palmer, for his extortion,
taking £1 13 7 for the plank and wood work of Boston
stocks, is fined jC5, and censured, to be set an hour in
the stocks.' Afterwards the fine was remitted to ten shil-
lings. The remainder of the sentence, I fear, was
executed. Our Ipswich chronicler is almost facetious
about this part : he ' had the honor to sit an hour in
them himself, to warn others not to oliend in like
kind.'"

" The unhappy subject of this controversy was ex-
posed to very general blame, and several particular
complaints. I have seen an original affidavit of Thomas
Wiltshim, that for work done at Capt. Keayne's house,
there was due to the deponent 38 shillings, and that
Keayne sold him a piece of broadcloth, ' whiclrhe said
was Spanish broadcloth, and delivered for payment to
this deponent at seventeen shillings per yard, the which
cloth this deponent showed to Henry Shrimpton, and
he said it was not worth above ten shillings per yard,
for it was but cloth rash, and so said goodman Read,
and his wife showed a waistcoat of the same kind of
cloth, which cost but nine shillings per yard, and in this
deponent's judgment was better cloth. Such was the
dangerous form and matter of judicial investigations in
the early days.' "

This controversy about the old sow was not ended
here. At May session of the new General Court, 1643,.
Story again petitioned for a rehearing of the cause, and
there being much excitement in the country at the for-
mer court's decision, and in regard of "the negative
voice " which had grown out of it, leading to much de-
bate and discussion in writing, the elders were called in,
as they usually were consulted in every important aflair,
and, though siding with Keayne's party, not being able
to appease the minds of the people, with all their great
power and influence, the Court seemed inclined to hear

the cause again. Winthrop says this " caused others to
be much grieved to see such a spirit in godly men, that
neither the judgment of near all the magistrates, nor the
concurrence of the elders and their mediation, nor the
loss of time and charge, nor the settling of peace in
court and country could prevail with them, to let such a
cause fall, (as in ordinary course of justice it ought,) as
nothing could be found in it, by any one testimony, to
be of criminal nature, nor could the matter of the suit,
with all damages, have amounted to forty shillings."
The magistrates and elders appear to have been willing
the cause should go either way.

"Now that which made the people so unsatisfied,
and unwilling the cause should rest as it stood, was the
£20 which the Defendant had recovered against the
Plaintiff, in an action of slander, for saying he had stolen
the sow, &c., and many of them could not distinguish
this from the principal cause, as if she had been ad-
judged to pay £20 for demanding her sow, and yet the
Defendant never took of this more than £3, for his
charges of witnesses &c, and offered to remit the whole,
if she would have acknowledged the wrong she had
done him. But he being accounted a rich man, and
she a poor woman, this so wrought with the people, as
being blinded with unreasonable compassion, they could
not see, or not allow justice her reasonable course.
This being found out by some of the court, a motion
was made, that some who had interest in the Defendant
would undertake to persuade him to restore the Plaintiff
the £3, (or whatever it were,) he took upon that judg-
ment, and likewise to refer other matters to reference
which were between the said Story and him. This the
court were satisfied with, and proceeded no further."

This sow business had started other questions, but of
their tedious details, however much they engrossed the
time of these sapient legislators, it is needless to speak.

"ZO

The eftbrts of this obscure woman, the power of that
unruly member, which in that sex so often kindles a
wide conflagration from a small spark, seem almost in-
credible— Story was, probably, an unsuccessful rival in
trade. The mediators designated by the Court, who
put an end to this disgraceful proceeding, were, proba-
bly, Major-General Gibbcns and Major William Ting,
Deputies from Boston, members of the same church
and of the Artillery Company. Many members of the
Company were then church members. Thus this first
great law-suit in Boston bcsjan and ended. There
were then no lawyers, except poor Lechford ; but as he,
soon after, had to fly back to England, to avoid st'arva-
tion, and is not mentioned in the whole aflair, we pre-
sume he had no hand in the business. After two years
intermission, Keayne was elected a Deputy from Bos-
ton, with Gibbons and Hawkins, four of the five next
years, serving as Speaker (one day) at the opening o^i
the October session, 1646.

Capt. Keayne had witnessed the rapid increase of the
Company, predicted its beneficial eflbcts, and lal)ored to
promote its welfare. He continued through life to en-
courage his associates ; in the decline of life, with anxi-
ety saw its decay ; and dying, warned his companions ol
the obstacles they would meet, and left them in his \\\\\
not only valuable legacies, but a text-book, which, if his
successors conform to it, will ensure the prosperity of
an institution that has ever been a favorite of the pub-
lic, and an ornament to the State.

August 1st, 1653, he began to write his will, whicli,
although consisting of about one hundred and fifty folio
pages of fine writing, "is all in his own hand." After
making a profession of his faith, he regulates his funeral
ceremonies, when, it seems, the institution of which ho
had been the founder, occupied his thoughts ; for he
says : —

" As for my burial,! shall not desire any great outward solemni-
ties to be used, further than that which shall be decent and civil, as
becomes Christians ; knowing that extraordinary solemnities can
nothing add to the gain or benefit of the deceased ; yet, having been
trained up in military discipline from my youngest years, and having
endeavored to promote it the best I could, and since that God hath
brought me into this country, and seeing he hath been pleased to
raise me as a poor instrument to lay the foundation of that noble so-
ciety of the Artillery Company in this place, that had so far pros-
pered by the blessing of God, as to help many with good experience
in the use of their arms, and more exact knowledge in the military
art, and have become a nursery to raise up many able and well expe-
rienced soldiers, that have done some good service for their country ;
therefore, to declare my affections to that exercise and to the society
of soldiers, I shall desire to be buried as a soldier, in a military way,
if the time and place of my decease and other occasions may suit;
thereunto which I leave to the discretion of my executors and
friends."

He then provides for his debts, makes a valuation of
his estate, and divides the principal pajt between his
wife and son, and having revoked a former will, goes
on to make several donations to build a market-place,
a conduit, a town-house, a library, and an armoury ;
and in describing particularly how they should be built,
among other things, he says : —

" A room for the elders to meet in and confer together, when they
have occasion to come to town for any such ends, as I perceive they
have many there in the same building, which may also be a room for
an armoury, to keep the arms of the Artillery Company, and for the
soldiers to meet in when they have occasion."

Capt. Keayne then makes a donation of £300, to
build an exchange, and again notices the Company
thus : —

"And if a convenient large room in one of the buildings before
mentioned, be separated and set apart for an armoury, and the meet-
ings of the Artillery, if there it be thought convenient, or if some
other place be provided for that use more convenient, with the offi-
cers of that Company's advice, I am not strict for the very place, so

they have content in it ; thouorh yet I think the very heart and
secured part of the town, and no out or by-place, is the most fit for
a magazine for arms, because of the danger of surprising them.
The place they now use will fit to scour and clean the arms in, and
also to lay them up and keep them in, which will be a comely sight
for strangers to see, and a great ornament to the room, and also to
the town, where the soldiers may arm themselves when they go to
exercise. Such a place being provided, I give and becjueath five
pounds for the encouragement of that Company, to be laid out in
pikes and bnndalicrs* for use of such soldiers of that Company that
live in other towns, so far as it cannot be convenient for them to
bring their arms with them ; or, if the officers of that Company do
know any other thing that the Company wants, that will be more
useful for the general good of the Company, than what I have men-
tioned, that will continue, and not be spent or consumed in the use,
then I am willing that the whole or any part of this legacy may be
so disposed of, taking in the advice and consent of my executors in
the same."

Page 132. " Item. I give and bequeath further to the Artillery
Company of Boston, five pounds more towards the erecting of a
platform, planked underneath, for two mounted pieces of ordnance
to stand upon, a greater and a smaller, with a shed of boards raised
over it, to keep them dry, and preserve them from the sun and
weather, and this to be raised in the most convenient place in the
training place in Boston, where it shall be most fit for that use ; and
where, at convenient distance, against some hill or rising ground,
there may be a good butt, or kind of bulwark raised of earth, that
may receive the shot of great guns, and may be free from endanger-
ing any that may unexpectedly pass by or behind the butt, in case
they should overshoot ; which butt may be cast up or digged at the
bottom of a hill, without any charge, by the Company themselves, in
two or three of their training days; and my end in this is, that the
Company may be trained up, or so many of them as desire it,
in the use, exercise and experience of the great ordnance, as they
are in their muskets ; — that they may learn how to exercise, load,
mount, level, and fire at a mark, &c., which is as needful a skill for
a soldier, as the exercise of their ordinary arms. I suppose the
country will willingly lend the Company two such pieces for so good

* " Bandiiliors, (bandolleers — from bandouliers, French,) are wooden cases,
covered willi leather, each of ihcm containing a charge of powder for a musket, of
which every musketeer usually wore twelve, hanging oa a shoulder-belt or
collar."

a use as this is, if the town itself have none guch to spare, and will
give them a barrel of powder or two to encourage them to begin a
service that will be so singularly useful to their country. Their bul-
lets will be, most of them, found and saved again, if the hill or butt
against which they shoot be not so low and narrow that they over-
mount and shoot aside at random. Now, as many of that Company
are officers, which desire to learn that art of gunnery, so needful for
every Captain and officer of a Company to be experienced in, they
may enter their names to be scholars of the Great Artillery, and to
agree that every one that enters his name may give so much for entry,
and so much a year afterwards, as you do at the Artillery, which
money will serve to lay in provision of powder, shot, spunges, budge-
barrels,* common baskets, and some allowance to the master gun-
ner, that sliall take pains to instruct them, if (here cannot be some
skilful and sufficient man found, that will think the honor of the
place to instruct such a society in so- noble a service recompense
sufficient, that they have an opportunity not only to exercise their
own skill, but to do good to their country and to willing scholars,
that so thirst after experience, as the Captain and rest of the officers
of the Small Artillery do freely expend their time to instruct others
in the best skill themselves have attained, and look at it as reward
enough, that their pains is accepted and the Company edified by it.
Besides, there being many shipwrights and gunners that resort to
this country, who have good skill in this art, and the Company I
doubt not upon their request might have their help, services and
direction herein, and he that is chosen to this place may have the
title of the Captain of the Great Artillery, or Master Gunner, and
there may he a time appointed, once in a w^eek or fortnight, for the
scholars to meet and spend two or three hours, either forenoon or
afternoon, for their instruction in it. Now, all that meet cannot
expect to make every one a shot, for that would prove too great a
charge and expense of powder, but every one must take their turn,
and two or three at a meeting to make one shot apiece, or but one
man two shots at one time, and the rest may obtain as much by the
manner of their performing it, as if they had done it themselves.

" And for further encouragement to help on this exercise, besides
the five pounds given before tovvards the platform, and the other five

* " Budge-barrel, (from bouge, Fiench— a bag and barrel.) a tin barrel, to hold
gunpowder, cwitaining about one hundred and thirty pounds, having a case of
leather made last over ilse head, lo prevent the powder from taking fire ; used oa
board ships."

pounds for pikes, &.C., I give and bequeath tico heifers or coics* to
the Captain and officers of the First Artillery Company, to be kept
as a stock constantly, and the increase or profit of these cows yearly
to be laid out in powder, bullets, fcc. for the use of the exercise of
the Great Artillery; only the stock at no time, or the value of it, not
to be diminished, and then to be delivered to the Captain that shall
then have the command of that Company, or whom himself and offi-
cers shall appoint, when the platform and butt is finished, and two
pieces mounted thereon, with all materials thereto belonging, fit to
exercise with, when a Master or Captain of the great ordnance is
chosen, a convenient company of soldiers entered for scholars, as
between ten and twenty, and all things settled in a good posture for
the beginning and continuance of that exercise. But if the Artillery
Company shall neglect to accomplish this before expressed, above
two years after my decease, then these three legacies, viz, first, the
five pounds, and the two cows, to be void, and to be to the use of my
executors; but if the things before mentioned be accomj)Iished, and
this new Company do go on, as I desire it may, then my will is, that
the Captain, with the consent of the Company, may appoint some
able man, either of the Company or otherways, that shall give bond
to my executors or administrators for these two cows, or the value of
them at the time of delivery, that the stock shall be preserved, and
the increase or benefit of them onlv to be disposed of for the use of
this new Companv. And if this Company should break off and not
continue their exercise, then the two cows to be returned to my ex-
ecutors, or some of my administrators, for his use, or the just
value that they are worth at the time ol their first delivery. Now,
any man that shall have the cows to keep will be willing to give such
bond, if the Company order it so. In case that exercise should fall
to the ground, for the two first five pounds I desire no bond, nor any
return of it, though the Company should not continue any longer.

" I would make it my dying request to our First Artillery Com-
pany ,y if there should be such a Company in being when it shall
please God to take me out of this miserable world, — many knows

* \'\'iiitlirop states, in iiis Journal, a cow to be worth from £25 to £30, in the
year 1636; most probably they had fallen in value riiore than one liaif.

tThe appellation of Great Artillery, or the First Artillery Company, was
probably used by Capt. Keayne by way of distinction, and refer to grants, or the
contemplation of them, which were made by the General Court, several years
after the charter of the Ancient and Honorable, with somewhat similar privileges,
to Essex, .Middlesex, &.c. ; but there is no account of any Company being regularly
organized under tiiem.

what my earnest endeavors and desires hath been to promote and
encourage what I could, for out of this small Company the Lord hath
raised up many a well experienced soldier, that hath done good ser-
vice, and have been of good esteem, both here and in our native
country, and therefore my grief is the more to fear their sometime
flourishing and highly prized Company, that when the country
grows more populous, this Company should grow more thin, and
ready to dissolve for want of appearance ; but some are wary, and
think they have got experience enough, so they begin to neglect ; —
but my request is, that the entries, quarterages, and fines for late and
non-appearance, which last hath been too long neglected, and will
not be well with the Company till it be taken up again, especially
seeing the greatest part of the Company consist now of men in our
own town, and we never had better nor more constant appearance
than when fines were duly taken ; may be preserved and kept in stock
to lay out in powder, arms, bandaliers, for the use of the Company,
and in canvas to make resemblances of trenches, half moons, re-
doubts, forts, ifcc, common baskets, and such like necessary imple-
ments for some special military service that might be performed once
or twice a >ear, which would be a singular help to the ordinary ex-
ercise, and would add much, not only to the encouragement, but to
the experience both of officers and soldiers, in some military exer-
cises, which without such helps cannot be taught nor performed.
And these means would be far better employed, and to greater satis-
faction and content of the Company, in such things, than to be wast-
ed and spent in eating and drinking, and needless invitations, as it
hath been for a long time, both to my own, and to the grief and of-
fence of several of the Company, which hath occasioned some to leave
the Company, and others to be unwilling to pay their quarterages.
Seeincr the whole stock is still consumed, and the Company rather
idle than otherways, which hath been a chief thing to hinder many
other profitable exercises, for want of means to bear the charge of
them, and will in time be the overthrow and dissolution of the Com-
pany, if it be not prevented, which hath made the Artillery Company
in London so to flourish for so long a time together; but the stock
of the Company well managed, whereby they have done great things,
F.nd have been able to perform many exercises (though changeable)
both for the delight of all the beholders, and the great benefit and
experience of the soldiery, and to the increase of their number.
And indeed I had in my purpose several other legacies to have be-
stowed on this Company for their encouragement, and example of
others, and have them in readiness and of some consequence, but
the small appearance of the Company and the declining of it daily,

which cannot be but a great discouragement to the Captain and
officers that command them, as also to the soldiers that do appear,
and causes a kind of complaint instead of esteem in them tli;it be-
hold them, — make me fear the final dissolution of it, and so all gifts
will sink with it and come to nothing, hath been the cause of alter-
ing my resolution; though I know a skilful commander, though he
have a body of men but four files, six deep, which is but twenty-four
soldiers, that I would add further, if he had but half so many, but
two files, six or eight deep, with them he may perform such variety
of exercises, not only for the postures, but the several motions,
doublings, facings, common marches, wheelings, — yea, such variety
of forms of battles, and several kinds of firings and charges, as
should not only be delightful, but very useful and gainful to those
that are exercised ; and not only for two or three training days, but
have matter enough to exercise them for several years, which I
should hardly have believed, did I not know it to be true, and have
seen it with my own eyes. Yet, notwithstanding, what comfort or
credit can a Captain have to go into the field with six or twelve sol-
diers, and under the name of an Artillery or Military Company. It
would be my rejoicing if there could be any means thought on or
used to increase and encourage this Company, that is and may be so
honorable and advantageous to the whole country, That it may re-
main and continue still in splendor and esteem, increasing and not
declining ; but all things have their changes."

Capt. Keayne gives, also, other legacies, such as to
the town of Boston, to Harvard College, £250 to the
poor members of the church where he worshipped, and
a legacy for the establishment of a free school, as he
says, " to help training up of some poor men's children
of Boston, that are most forwardly and hopeful in the
knowledge of God and of learning, not only in the
Latin tongue, but also to write a'nd cypher." He has
never yet had a street, lane or alley, even in the by
parts of the town, named for him, notwithstanding his
very large and liberal donations ; but there is mention
on their records, about two years after, of the "select-
men being authorized, by vote of the town, to claim
and receive the legacy of Capt. R. Keayne, deceased, for
the benefit of the town." Nor did Harvard College re-

member, till recently, his legacy,* among the long list of
benefactors. He gave, it seems, to the poor of that church
which had persecuted him, and no doubt Mrs. Sherman
and her posterity reaped the benefit, with others, of his
liberality. This institution and Harvard College have
survived two centuries, and are the two oldest incorpo-
rations, to say nothing more, in America. The poor we
have always with us, according to divine appointment,
but Keayne was for looking to the wants of future gen-
erations. He did not, in his will, forget his friend Gib-
bens and others, and gave his reasons for giving to the
poor. He has left a most convincing answer to the
cavils of his persecutors, in his generous patronage of
what was to be of use when his name and place of
burial should be forgotten. He was said to be a cov-
etous man, — but subsequent generations deserve re-
proach, for not even a simple stone marks the silent
place of his interment. His liberality in his will, for a
free school, was not his only gift therefor. At the end
of the first volume of Boston Records, in the margin,
12th of the 6th n)onth, (August) 1626, his name is
the seventh (after the Governor, Deputy Governor,
three assistants, and the husband of the famous Mrs.
Hutchinson,) in a subscription of £50 toward that ob-
ject. There were forty-five subscribers, nineteen of
whom are on the roll of the Company.

The donation for a free school was probably the
foundation, or one of the first instances of encourage-
ment, of the present Latin Grammar School in Boston,
which has long been, notwithstanding several severe
attacks, one of the greatest ornaments of the city ; and
while it continues to be fostered and cherished by the
wise and good, will aflbrd the brightest hopes and pros-
pects of dififusing knowledge and literature. Ought not

* President Quincy's History of Harvard.

the present generation to venerate such forefathers, who
seem to have hved only to be useful to posterity ?

lie did not finish writing this will until the 28th
of December, 1653. He died at Boston, March 23d,
1655-6. His inventory amounted to £2427 12 1 —
his debts and funeral expenses to £274. The will was
approved May 2d, 1656, but his estate was not finally
settled until January 29th, 1683, when, both his execu-
tors being dead, administration was granted to Colonel
Nicholas Paige, and Anna his wife, grand-daugh-
ter of the deceased. From this circumstance, and
the fact that the General Court, in 1659-CO, granted
500 acres of land to Ann Cole, grand-daughter of R.
Keayne, deceased, " in consequence of his liberal do-
nations to the country," I infer he had a daughter who
deceased before him, and that she was the wife of Sam-
uel Cole, Ar. Co., one of the charter members. She is
in other places called " a rich heiress," and " sole heir."

We must now quit this eminent patron of the institu-
tion. Never will it happen, so long as the institution
exists, that his memory or worth will be forgotten. Had
the Company strictly adhered to his dying counsel,
practised the economy he recommended, and exhibited
his punctuality, they would have been more flourishing.
The legacy of the two cows, estimated at £20, by
adding interest, would now amount to a large sum.
About the time Keayne wrote his will, the Com-
pany began to decline ; for we find, for the first ten
years, 278 members are enrolled, and only 47 during
the next ten years ; nor did it materially revive or
increase until 1670, as only 7r3 members were ad-
mitted from 1658 to 1669, inclusive; but from that
period to the arrival of Andross, 1686, it appears to
have flourished and increased. As King Charles I. was
beheaded January 30th, 1649, and Cromwell's party in
power, many of the first planters returned to their native

land, and but few, comparatively, emigrated hither.
Several of the Company, as will appear in the sequel;
became officers in Cromwell's army. The scarcity of
money, and consequent depression of trade and increase
of poverty, while it hindered many from embarking in
the settlement of the infant colony, drove, also, many
hence, which will more naturally account for the Com-
pany's declension.

Major-General Robert Sedgwick, the second on
the roll, and third named in the charter, was a gentle-
man of education and distinction. He had been a
member of the Artillery Company in London, and one
of the first who came to settle in the colony. He was
admitted freeman, March 9th, 1636-7. Charlestown,
in the County of Middlesex, was the place he selected
for his residence, and his exertions to promote the in-
terest and welfare of that town, as well as the colony at
large, rendered him one of the most conspicuous per-
sons of the time. It appearing he was concerned in
trade in those days, leads us to suppose he was a mer-
chant by profession. He was many years Deputy from
Charlestown in the General Court, and a member when
the charter was granted. He devoted his talents and
property to secure the safety of the town, and super-
intended the building of the first fortifications there,
paying a considerable portion of the expense out of his
own private property. He was the leader of the first
train-band formed in the town — 1636 — and thence, on
the first reoular organization of the militia of the col-
ony, in 1644, appointed the first Sergeant Major of the
Middlesex Regiment, and afterwards promoted to the
highest military rank in the colony, being elected Ser-
geant Major-General — 1652 — which office he held one
year. Johnson says, " he was brought up in London's
Artillery Garden, and furthered with sixteen years' ex-

pericnce in New England, beside the help of a very
good head-piece, being a frequent instructer of our Ar-
tillerymen," &c. ; and again — "the cost he hath been
at in helping on the discipline of his regiment hath
profited much."

Sedgwick was a man of enterprising spirit, since we
find his name associated with John Winthrop, junior,
in the direction and establishment of the first furnace
and iron works in this country, in 1643-4.* The vio-
lent capture of a King's ship, by Capt. Stagg, under
commission from Parliament, in Boston harbor, caused
the General Court, in 1645, among other things, " to
secure all ships which should come as friends into our-
harbor, commission was given to Major Gibbens for
Boston, and Major Sedgwick for Charlestown; to keep
the peace in the said towns, and not to permit any ships
to fight in the harbor, ivithout license from authority. ''^■f

Whether those who intended to return to England,
and gain employment in Cromwell's service, or the Par-
liament's service, "were desirous of recommending
themselves by carrying evidence of a relaxation of the
rigor of our laws, or at least of their own exertions to
obtain it," or that it may be attributed rather to the na-
tive hberality of sentiment of more noble minds, a peti-
tion, signed by Emanuel Downing, Nehemiah Bourne,
Robert Sedgwick, Thomas Fowle, and others, was pre-
sented to the General Court,t " for the abrogation, or
alteration, of the laws against the Anabaptists, and the
law that requires special allowance\\ for newcomers re-
siding here ;" but it was abruptly " ordered that the
laws in their petition mentioned shall not be altered or
explained at all." We may hence conclude that Sedg-

* Lewis' Hist. Lynn, p. 85; Winth. Journal, H. p. 213, and Savage's note.

■f Winth. n. p. 247.

:|:Col. Rec. vol. IH. p. 50; Winth. IL p. 265, and note.

11 A person would hardly suppose this meant a tax.

wick was not so much of a bigot as many of the first
emigrants. He was, however, admonished for the hke
"/ra^Y/?/," for which his friend Capt. Keayne suffered so
much persecution in church and state, viz, "taking
the money-worth for his goods," or, as thus styled,
" taking more than sixpence in the shilhng profit ;" but
as he v/as one of those whom Winthrop classes probably
among those " not found out," he was let off by an ad-
monition only. To be suspected of an offence was
tantamount to a conviction in a legal way, in those
days, and may have given rise to the mode of bringing
actions in Massachusetts, afterwards, " upon suspicion
ofdebt."^

Gen. Sedgwick went to England, where, it is said,
some of his descendants reside, and was employed by
Cromwell in 1654. In that year, he, with Leverett,
succeeded with little difficulty, in expelling the French
from Penobscot. " He was engaged in the great expe-
dition against the Spanish West Indies, when Jamaica
was taken. There he died. May 24th, 1656, having,
as appears from Thurloe's State Papers, V. 138, 154,
just been advanced to the rank of Major General by
the Protector."!

He was held in great repute by his cotemporaries,J
and was thrice elected to command the Company, viz,
1640, 1645, and 1648. His son William was admitted
a member, 1666, and his son Robert in 1674. Hon.
Theodore Sedgwick, son of Benjamin, a distinguished
lawyer, and Judge of the Supreme Judicial Court of
Massachusetts, (born at Hartford, Conn., in May 1746,

* I have seen, in the record of prisoners committed to jail in Boston, even since
the Revolution, entries to that effect.

t Not having this book, nor having been able to see it, or Lord H. Lempriere,
612, or Edwards' Hist, of West Indies — works quoted by Farmer — my information
respecting him after he left Boston is very limited.

t Gen. Sedgwick was an early donor to Harvard College, giving them two
small shops in Boston— see Book of Donations.

and died at Boston, Jan. 24th 1813,) was one of his
descendants.

CAPTAm Joseph Weld, Roxbury. This name, in

the oldest roll, appears Capt. Weld, but in the list

of annual officers elected is Capt. Joseph Weld. He
was the first person elected as Ensign of the Company,
1638. He was freeman, 1636, and died October
7th, 1646, leaving a widow, Barbary, who after
married Anthony Stoddard, of Boston. He was the
first Captain of the Roxbury Band, and died while sus-
taining that office. He was Deputy from Roxbury in
1636, and five years after; so he must have been a
Representative when the charter was granted. He
lived in Roxbury, was by profession a merchant, and
was brother of the famous and bigotted Rev. Thomas
Weld, the first minister of Roxbury.

The wife of La Tour, in 1644, having commenced
an action against Capt. Bayley, Captain of the ship,
who brought her from London by a six months' voyage
to Boston, and recovered £2000 damages ; and the
Captain having also commenced an action for his
freight, in which he was unsuccessful, and Capt. Weld,
who was one of the jury who tried the case, being in
London, Bayley was persuaded or advised to attach
Capt. Weld, together with Stephen Winthrop, the Gov-
ernor's son, and Recorder of the Court who tried the
case ; and they were forced to find sureties in a bond
of £4000, to answer him in the Court of Admiralty.
Bayley was eventually obliged to give over this suit ;
and then he procured out of Chancery a ne exeat regnos
(that they should not depart the realm) against them ;
but the cause being heard, they were discharged, he
losing his charges and they theirs. Weld, Winthrop,
and Thomas Fowle, the owner of the ship, all petitioned
the General Court for indemnity, but in vain. Win-

throp gives a more particular account, II. 247-8, anno
1645. The inventory of his estate amounted, as return-
ed by his widow, to £2028 11 3 — no inconsiderable
sum in those days. The famous Mrs. Hutchinson, on
her banishment, was committed to him, then a Deputy,
at his house in Roxbury.

Major Thomas Savage, of Boston, tailor, came to
New England as early as 1635 ; admitted freeman May
25, 1636 — being then twenty-nine years old. His name
is the fourth on the roll, and probably was the youngest
man of the first associates, and survived them all, con-
tinuing an active member forty-five years, and until his
death. He was the first Orderly Sergeant of the Com-
pany, and elected Lieutenant twice, 1641 and 1645 —
and five times elected and served as their Commander,
namely, in 1651, 1659, 1668, 1675, and 1680; having
sustained the highest offices in the gift of the Company
the largest number of years, and filled the office of
Captain, the last time, after he was 73 years of age.
He represented Boston, as Deputy, in 1654, and eight
succeeding years, except 1658 ; also, was Deputy for
Hingham in 1663, and Andover in 1671, '77 and '78.
He was Speaker of the House of Deputies in 1659 and
1671. He was elected an Assistant, 1680 and 1681,
and died February 14th, 1681-2, aged 75, while in that
office.*

By his first wife. Faith, (who died Feb. 20th, 1652,)
daughter of William and the celebrated Mrs. Ann
Hutchinson, he had seven children — 1st, Habijah, Ar.
Co. 1665; 2d, Thomas, Ar. Co. 1665; 3d, Hannah;
4th, Ephraim, Ar. Co. 1674; 5tli, Mary; 6th, Dyoni-
sia ; 7th, Perez. By his second wife, Mary, daughter
of Rev. Zachary Symmes, of Charlestown, (whom he

* Major Savage's grave-stone, in the Chapel ground, says — "Died February
15th, 1681-2."

married Sept. 15th, 1632,) he had, 8th, Sarah; 9th,
Richard ; 10th, Samuel ; 1 1th, Samuel 2d ; 12th, Zach-
ariah ; 13th, Ebenezer, Ar. Co. 1682; 14th, John;
15th, Benjamin, Ar. Co. 1682; 16th, Arthur; 17th,
Elizabeth; 18th, Elizabeth 2d — eighteen in all. Maj.
Savage's will is dated June 28th, 1675, and was ap-
proved Feb. 23d, 1681-2; and therein John Hull and
Isaac Addington are made overseers, and his sons,
Thomas, Ephraim and Ebenezer, executors. His in-
ventory, April 20th, 1682, amounted to £3447 8 7—
debts, to £644 8 6 ; and it appears he was a very
large landholder. He was one of the founders and
members of the Old South Church, 1669.

" These legal records," says Snow,* " furnish the
best of testimony concerning the extent of individual
wealth, and the manners of the times. Such things ex-
isted in other places as much, perhaps, as in Boston,
but a knowledge of them is not on that account less
necessary to those who would be familiar with the dis-
tinguishing traits of our ancestors." It is not meant
that the following is literally a description of Savage's
mansion, but is given as extracted from -the same au-
thor. " We find in the principal houses a great hall,
ornamented with pictures and a great lantern, a velvet
cushion in the window-seat, which looks into the gar-
den. On either side is a great parlor, a little parlor or
study. These are furnished with great looking-glasses,
Turkey carpets, window-curtains and valance, pictures
and a map, a brass clock, red leather-back chairs, and
a great pair of brass andirons. The chambers are well
supplied with feather beds, warming-pans, and every
other article that would now be thought necessary for
comfort or display. The pantry is well filled with sub-
stantial fare and dainties, prunes, marmalade, and

* History of Boston, by Doct. C. H- Snow, p. 143 — a very valuable work.

Madeira wine. Silver tankards, wine-cups, and other
articles of plate, are not uncommon ; the kitchen is
completely stocked with pewter, copper and iron uten-
sils. Very many families employed servants, and in one
we see a Scotch boy, valued among the property, and
invoiced at £14."

Major Savage was one of those who became tinctured
with the doctrines of his first wife's mother ; and there-
fore was included among others of her adherents,
who were disarmed by order of Court, and delivered
their arms to Capt. Keayne ; but he, with some others,
probably are included in the recantation, in 1637, for
he was a military officer and the fourth on the roll of
members associated 1637, and consequently a charter
member, though not specially named ; and Court nor
Council would have mven a charter to an association
containing any who had signed the obnoxioOs petition,
unless they liad recanted. John Oliver, Samuel Cole,
John Underbill, Robert Harding, and probably Wilham
Park and John Audlin, were in similar circumstances.
W i nth rop says : "At this Court, (16^7) divers of our
chief military officers, who had declared themselves
favorers of the famalistical persons and opinions, were
sent for, and being told that the Court, having some
jealousy of them for the same, and therefore did desire
some good satisfaction from them, they did ingenuously
acknowledge how they had been deceived and misled
by the pretence, which was held forth, of advancing
Christ, and debasing the creature, &c., which, since
they had found to be otherwise, and that their opinions
and practice tended to disturbance and delusions ; and
so blessed God, that had so timely discovered their error
and danger to them."

Major Savage is first noticed on the list of officers of
the Company by the title of Sergeant, then by Ensign ;
from thence we conclude he was made Ensign of the

Boston Band, when Gibbens was Captain. At the
organization of the mihtia, 1644, no other officer is
nam^d of that Band, but a Lieutenant, apparently
Savag, without a Christian name ; but he was styled
in our list a Lieutenant before, and soon after he ap-
pears as Captain of the Boston Band. He was pro-
moted Sergeant-major, when he was made com-
mander of the expedition against King Philip. He was
also one of the subscribers towards the founding of
the free school in Boston, and served in many offices
for the benefit of his adopted town.

This early associate, but survivor of Keayne and his
compatriots, hved to see the Company, he had assisted
in founding, increase and flourish beyond his most san-
guine expectations. The reputation it had acquired
must, in the decline of life, have been to this distin-
guished member a source of pleasure ; for it i.^ a re-
markable fact, not only transmitted to us, his successors,
but f<3lt and observed by all at this day, that the longer
any person remains attached to the corps as a member,
the more his love and afiections are placed upon it :
and the sportive pride of youth creates in old age the
strongest desire to transmit to posterity this venerable
institution of our ancestors. Five of Maj. Savage's
sons were members, and their posterity have many of
them not only followed the military example of their
ancestor, but succeeded to his military honors. The
same badge of commander, "a leading staff"" or " pike,"
which was five times graced by the hand of Maj. Sav-
age, has been transferred by the Chief Magistrate of the
Colony or Province to a son once, a grandson once,
another grandson three times, and a great grandson
once, in addition to the "half pike" he twice bore as
Lieutenant, which each successively bore before he
arrived at the command. Although the standard was
not entrusted to his care as an Ensign, yet many of his

descendants had the charge of it. The grandfather of
the present generation honored our roll by his name,
but the military ardor which once shown conspicuous in
the family, is now apparently lost in the literary distinc-
tion of the descendants.

In 1653 Maj. Savage attached the Iron Works at Lynn,
for the amount 'owed to him and Henry Webb. Savage
obtained for himself £894 2, and Webb £1351 6 9.
We hence conclude he became a merchant by profes-
sion, and that this put a period to that establishment.

Maj. Savage was Commander in Chief of the Mas-
sachusetts forces, in the beginning of King Philip's
war.

Lieut. Daniel Haugh, so spelt on the oldest roll
and list of officers ; but undoubtedly means Lieut.
Daniel Howe, of Lynn, — that part now called Saugus.
He was admitted freeman, 1634, and was Representa-
tive from Lynn, 1636 and 1637, and consequently a
Deputy when the charter was granted, and stands fifth
on the roll. He was elected the first to the office of
Lieutenant of the Company, 1638. In the addenda of
Savage's edition of Winthrop, I find his commission as
Lieutenant of the Lynn train band, which, as a sample
of the commissions issued in those days, is here given :
" 1636, 16th 4th mo. To Lieutenant Howe, of Sagus,
and to the military officers and company there : Whereas
we have formerly given you command of the trained
band in Sagus, we do hereby require you to see them
duly exercised according to the orders of court, and
we do also require you, the military company there, that
you diligently attend with your complete arms, at such
times and places as your said Lieutenant shall appoint,
and that all you, the officers and soldiers of the said
company, be obedient to all such commands as by au-
thority of this place or order from us you shall receive

from him, so as you may be well trained and fitted for
such future service as you may be called unto ; hereof
not to fail. . " He^ry Vane, Governor,

" Jo. WiNTHROP, Deputy^

Lieutenant Howe attained to the title of Captain,
probably as master of a vessel. Our ancestors were pe-
culiarly accustomed to give every man his highest mili-
tary or civil title, a custom not altogether abrogated in
the country towns at this time, and it is no where men-
tioned as applied to him. He was probably by profes-
sion an husbandman, as most of the early settlers of
Lynn were.

" He," says Lewis, "was master of a vessel, and re-
moved to New Haven." A portion of the people of
Lynn had an idea of removing to Long Island, and un-
der Capt. Howe sailed, in 1640, and effected a lodg-
ment at Scout's Bay, in the western part of the island,
but the Dutch laid claim to it, and sent men to take
possession, who sat up the arms of the Prince of Orange
on a tree. Capt. Howe removed their arms, and an
Indian drew instead thereof an "unhandsome face."
This conduct highly incensed the Dutch Governor, Wil-
liam Keift, whom Mr. Irving, in his humorous History
of New York, denominates William the Testy. The
Dutch, he says, were sorely vexed by the enormous
plantations of unions, which the Yankees planted for
Artillery, so close their domicils.

Ensign Thomas Hucken. The sixth on the roll,
and consequently a member when the charter was
granted, was Ensign of the Company, 1639. That in-
defatigable antiquarian, Doct. Farmer, nor myself, can
find any information respecting him. He spells his
name Huckin, but it is Hucken on the roll and list of
officers. Barnes, who transcribed the roll first, and
corrected it in 1680 or 81, mii^ht have mistaken the

name. Probably he died early after the Company was
organized, and Barnes might have inserted his name,
upon the recollection of Maj. Savage or some old mem-
ber living at the time. I find in Hutchinson, the first
pages of his history, in describing the election of offi-
cers in England, by the charter, IStli May, 1628,
towards the last, the name of Thomas Hutchins, as one
of the Assistants elected. He might have emigrated,
and soon returned as some did, and being a member of
the corporation in England, would therefore not neces-
sarily appear among those made freemen in New Eng-
land. As no very obscure persons were elected to
office in the early period of the Company, I am inclined
to think it should be Hutchins, as above ; though no
mention of him is made elsewhere.

Col, John Oliver, Boston, freeman, 1634, was the
seventh on the roll, and a charter member. It is sup-
posed he was brother of Elder Thomas Oliver, and that
his title was derived in England. He was Deputy from
Boston, at October (leneral Court, 1637 — also March
Court, 1637-8, and in May Court, 1638 — was a col-
league of Keayne as Deputy, therefore was a Repre-
sentative when the charter was granted. He never
sustained any office in the Company, but probably had
been of the Artillery Company in London. He removed
to Newbury, and died there in 1642, probably aged,
for his children and widow are noticed. There is a will
of a John Oliver. Suf. Rec. 1641.* His widow, Jo-

* He was elected Representative, in the room of William Aspinwall, Oct. 6th,
1637, who had been turned out ; but the same Court " dismissed him from being a
Deputy, for justifying the seditious libel, called a remonstrance or libel." The
town did not send others in their stead, but the next Court he was elected again.
He was one of the persons disarmed by the order of Court, as before stated, and
must have been one of those who made their recantation ; for he was not e-scluded
the next Court, and otherwise would not have been included among the charter
members.

anna, married William Gerrish, of Newbury, April 17th,
1644, and had eleven children by him.

Lieut. Joseph Hewes, the eighth on the roll, a char-
ter member, was probably of Lynn.

Samuel Cole, ninth on the roll, and a charter mem-
ber, desired to be made freeman, October, 1630, the
same year he emigrated. He is probably the person
called Poole by Prince, and Coole by Savage, and has
the prefix of distinction in that list. He was probably
the father of Ann Cole, the granddaug^hter and sole
heiress of Keayne, before mentioned. He set up the
first house of entertainment, or inn, in Boston, March,
1633-4. His house where he lived was on the west
side of Merchants' Row, midway from State Street to
Faneuil Hall, and there he kept this tavern, which will
be remembered as the first in the town, probably in
America, and in which Lord Ley said " he could be as
private there as he could have been at the Governor's
own house." He probably came over with Winthrop.
He is recorded as No. 42, and his wife, Ann, No. 43, as
members of the first Church. She died soon after their
arrival. Snow, in his history of Boston, says he is the
one in the name of Richard, who figures so demurely
by the side of his -wife, in the Peep at the Pi/grirns.
His will is dated Dec. 21st, 1666, and was approved
the February after. Cole was one of those disarmed by
order of court, and must have been one of those who
recanted.* He was frequently one of the Selectmen of
Boston.

*Cole is the first member who appears without a military title prefixed. As he
has in the list of freemen the prefix of respect, (Mr.) and that being sparingly ap-
plied by the first emigrants, wo may infer he was highly respectable. He may
have sustained some commission in England, but of that we can only conjecture.
The largest number by far, until recently, have been private citizens, who never
held any military commission ; and in my researches it is evident, that at all pe-
riods of the history of the Company many are found who joined while private citi-

Lieut. Col. Israel Stoughton, tenth on the roll,
and a charter member, was admitted freemen, 1633,*
and was Representative from Dorchester (where he
hved) from 1634 to 1636 inclusive, and elected an As-
sistant, 1637, and continued in that office until his re-
turn to England, in 1644. He was therefore an Assist-
ant when the charter was granted, and was elected
commander in 1642. He was leader or Captain of the
first train band in Dorchester, 1636, and had Nathaniel
Duncan for his Lieutenant. His name has been given
heretofore as Ezekiel, because on the first list of offi-
cers and roll it was blank, and on a subsequent roll^
together with a printed list of the Captains of the Com-
pany published in an old Almanack previous to the
revolution, I found the name Ezekiel. I am convinced
of the error, and have corrected it. He was chosen
Assistant seven years in succession, and left out on ac-
count of his absence in England, " about his private
occasions;" but we soon find him appointed a Lieu-
tenant Colonel in Rainsburrow's regiment, in the Par-
liament's service, in time of the civil wars. He died at
Lincoln, in England, 1645. His will, dated in London^
July 17th, 1644, was approved in Boston, 1646, by
which he gave 300 acres of land to Harvard College.
He was commander of an expedition, in 1637, against
the Pequod Indians, which resulted in a sanguinary con-
flict, and many prisoners were taken, and some of them,

zens, and afterwards became officers, thus gaining the appellation of JN'ursery, or
School for Officers. A mistaken opinion has been adopted by some, that none
but officers, or such as had been, should be admitted. The practice originally and
in an unbroken succession of years, settles the right and expediency conclusively.

* Farinei says, he was among the leading and influential men in the early period
of tile Colony. Me gave great offence to the Court, in 1634, by the publication of
a book wherein he affirmed the power of the Governor to be but ministerial, and
otherwise opposed and slighted the power of the Magistrates. He was called to
account for the offence, and although he had the modesty to confess his fault, and
desired that the book might be burnt, he was disabled for three years from bearing
any public office.

Winthrop says fourteen boys, were sold afterwards as
slaves, in Providence Isle. It is no wonder such bigoted
zealots in religion should act sometimes hke barbarians.
Stoughton, however, did not arrive until after this san-
guinary battle had been fought and won, by Capt.
Underbill.

Capt. John Underhill, the eleventh on the roll,
came to New England in 1630, was admitted freeman.
May 18th, 1631, and member of the first Church in
Boston, where he resided. No. 57. He was one of the
Deputies from Boston, at the first General Court,
wherein Representatives from the several towns attend-
ed, 1634. In 1636 he was Captain of the train band
in Boston, being the first person who commanded the
Boston militia, and, in the first settlement of the Colony,
was of high repute and very serviceable, but a singular
character. It is said he was eccentric in many things,
and, in whatever he did, ran to excess. In rehgion he
was an enthusiast, — in practice a debauchee. He was
one of the persons disarmed, but undoubtedly is alluded
to by Winthrop, as one who recanted, and thus was
permitted to become a charter member. He never sus-
tained any office in the Company, probably because he
was principally engaged in the different wars against
the Indians, and commanded several expeditions against
them, or, more probably, by reason of his religious
troubles, which follow.

" Among* the antinomians who were banished from Boston, and
took refuge in these plantations,! was Capt. John Underbill, in
whose story will appear some very strong characteristics of the spirit
of the times. He bad been a soldier in the Netherlands, and was
brought over to New England by Governor Winthrop, to train the

* Extracted from Farmer's edition of Belknap, p. 23 — most of which is, almost
verbatim, VVinthrop's account of the man and matter,
t Dover, N. H.

people in military discipline. He served the country in the Pequod
war, and was in such reputation in Boston, that they had chosen him
one of their Deputies. Deeply tinctured with antinomian principles,
and possessed of an high degree of enthusiasm, he made a capital
figure in the controversy ; being one of the subscribers to a petition
in which the Court was censured, with an indecent severity, for their
proceedings against Wheelwright. For this offence he was disfran-
chised. He then made a voyage to England; and upon his return
petitioned the Court for three hundred acres of land, which had
been promised him for his former services, intending to remove after
Wheelwright. In his petition he acknowledged his offence in con-
demning the Court, and declared ' that the Lord had brought him
to a sense of his sin in that respect, so that he had been in great
trouble on account thereof.' On this occasion, the Court thought
proper to question him concerning an offensive expression, which he
uttered on board the ship in which he came from England, ' that the
government at Boston were as zealous as the Scribes and Pharisees,
and as Paul, before his conversion.' He denied the charge, and it
was proved to his face by a woman who was passenger with him, and
whom he had endeavored to seduce to his opinions. He was also
questioned for what he had said to her concerning the manner of
his receiving assurance, which was, ' that having long lain under a
spirit of bondage, he could get no assurance, till at length, as he
was taking a pipe of tobacco, the spirit set home upon him an abso-
lute promise of free grace, with such assurance and joy, that he never
since doubted of his good estate, neither should he, whatever sins he
mioht fall into.' This he would neither own nor deny ; but objected
to the sufficiency of a single testimony. The Court committed him
for abusing them with a pretended retraction, and the next day passed
the sentence of banishment upon him. Being allowed the liberty
of attending public worship,* his enthusiastic zeal broke out in a
speech, in which he endeavored to prove ' that the Lord was pleased

* The prison was early established ia the rear of where the old Court-house
now stands; hence, the street was then called Prison-lane, then Queen-street, and
DOW Court street. The first, and then only, church, was where Joy's buildings
now stand, and was within the square upon which the limits of the prison-
yard extended. King's Chapel, afterwards erected, was also within the
square. Prisoners having the liberty of the yard, wore thus enabled to attend
worship on Sundays. One of the most effectual arguments for extension of
the limits was, that, as other denominations might be committed, they ought, in
conscience, to be allowed to worship in more orthodox churches. Prisoners under
sentence of death were also forced to attend meeting; but that practice has been
silently done away.

to convert Saul while he was persecuting, so he might manifest him-
self to him while making a moderate use of the good creature — to-
bacco ; professing withal, that he knew not wherein he had deserved
the censure of the Court.' Th-e elders reproved him for this incon-
siderate speech ; Rev. Mr. Cotton told him 'that though God often
laid a man under a spirit of bondage while walking in sin, as was
the case with Paul, yet he never sent a spirit of comfort but in an
ordinance, as he did to Paul by the ministry of Annanias ; and
therefore exhorted him to examine carefully the revelation and joy
to which he pretended.

" The next Lord's day, the same Capt. Underbill, having been
privately dealt with, upon suspicion of incontinency with a neigh-
bor's wife, and not barkening to it, was publicly questioned, and put
under admonition. The matter was, for that the woman being
young, and beautiful, and withal of a jovial spirit and behavior, he
did frequent her house, and was divers times found there alone with
her, the door being locked on the inside. He confessed it was ill,
because it had an appearance of evil ; but his excuse was, that the
woman was in great trouble of mind, and sore temptations, and that
he resorted to her to comfort her ; and that when the door was
found locked, they were in private prayer together. But this
practice was clearly condemned also by the elders ; affirming that
it had not been of good report for many of them to have done the
like, and they ought in such case to have called in some brother
or sister, and not to have locked the door, &c. They also declared
that once he procured them to go visit her, telling them that she was
in great trouble of mind ; but when they came to her (by surprise,)
they perceived no such thing.

"These proceedings, civil and ecclesiastical, being finished, he re-
moved out of their jurisdiction, and after a while came to Dover,
where he procured the place of Governor, in the room of Burdet.
Gov. Winthrop hearing of this, urote to Hilton and others of this
plantation, informing them of his character. Underbill intercepted
the letter, and returned a bitter answer to Mr. Cotton, and another
letter, full of reproaches against the Governor, to a gentleman of his
family, whilst he addressed the Governor himself in a fawning, obse-
quious strain, begging an obliteration of former miscarriages, and a
bearing with human infirmities. These letters were all sent back -to
Hilton, but too late to prevent his advancement.

'* Being settled in his government, he procured a church to be
gathered at Dover, who chose Hanserd Knollys for their minister.
He had come over from England the year before, but being an Ana-
baptist of the antinomian cast, was not well received in Massachu-

setts, and came here while Burdet was in office, who forbade his
preaching; but Underbill, agreeing better with him, prevailed to
have him chosen their minister. To ingratiate himself with his new
patron, Knollys wrote in his favor to the church in Boston, styling
him 'the right worshipful, their honored Governor.' Notwithstand-
ing which, they cited him to appear before them ; the Court grant-
ing him safe conduct. At the same time, complaint w^as made to
the chief inhabitants on the river, of the breach of friendship in ad-
vancing Underbill after his rejection ; and a copy of Knollys' letter
was returned, wherein he had written ' that Underbill w^as an instru-
ment of God for their ruin,' and it was inquired whether that letter
was written by the desire or consent of the people. The principal
persons of Portsmouth and Dover disclaimed his miscarriages, and
expressed their readiness to call him to account when a proper in-
formation should be presented ; but begged that no force might be
sent against him."

'•' Knollys having come to Boston, at a public lecture day, before
the Governor, magistrates, ministers, and congregation, made con-
fession of his fault, and wrote a retraction. Underbill was so affect-
ed with his friend's humiliation, and the disaffection of the people of
Piscataqua to him, that he resolved to retrieve his character in the
same way. Having obtained safe conduct, he went to Boston, and
in the same public manner acknowledged his adultery, his disrespect
to the government, and the justice of their proceedings against him.
But his confession was mixed with so many excuses and extenuations,
that it gave no satisfaction ; and the evidence of his scandalous de-
portment being now undeniable, the church passed the sentence of
excommunication, to which beseemed to submit, and appeared much
dejected whilst he remained there."

" Upon his return, to please some disaffected persons at the mouth
of the river, he sent thirteen armed men to Exeter, to rescue out of
the officer's hands one Fish, who had been taken into custody for
speaking against the King. The people of Dover forbade his coming
into their Court till they had considered his crimes, and he promised
to resign his place, if they should disapprove of his conduct ; but,
hearing that they were determined to remove him, he rushed into
Court in a passion, took his seat, ordered one of the magistrates to
prison, for saying that he would not sit with an adulterer, and re-
fused to receive his dismission, when they voted it. But they pro-
ceeded to choose another Governor, Roberts, and sent back the
prisoner to Exeter."

" One Larkbam entered into a controversy with Knollys, and be-
came his successor at Dover. The better sort of people adhered to

KnoUys, and being displeased, restored Knoll3's, who excommunicat-
ed Larkham. This bred a riot, in which Larkham laid hands on
Knollys, taking away his hat on pretence he had not paid for it ; but
he was civil enoucrh afterward to return it. Some of the macristrates
joined with Larkham, and, forming a Court, summoned Underbill,
who was of Knollys party, to appear before them, and answer to a
new crime, which they had to allege against him. Underbill col-
lected his adherents; Knollys was armed with a pistol, and another
had a Bible mounted on a halbert for an ensign. In this ridiculous
parade, they marched against Larkham and his party. After the in-
terposition of Williams, Governor of Portsmouth and the Massachu-
setts, who sent Simon Bradstreet, the famous Hugh Peters, and
Timothy Dalton of Hampton, to inquire into the matter, and effect a
reconciliation, or certify the state of things to them; they travelled
on foot to Dover, and finding both sides in fault, brought the matter
to this issue, that the one party revoked the excommunication, and
the other the fines and banishment."

" Underbill having finished his career in these parts, obtained
leave to return to Boston, and finding honesty to be the best policy,
did, in a large assembly, at the public lecture, and during the sitting
of the Court, make a full confession. The Court, being now satis-
fied, restored him to their communion. The Court, after waiting
six months for evidence of his good behavior, took off his sentence
of banishment, and released him from the punishment of his adul-
tery; the law which made it capital having been enacted after the
crime was committed, could not touch his life."

" Some offers being made him by the Dutch, at Hudson's river,
whose language was familiar to him, the church of Boston hired a
vessel to transport him and his family thither, furnishing them with
necessaries for the voyage. The Dutch Governor gave him the
command of a company of an hundred and twenty men, and he was
very serviceable in the wars which that colony had with the "Indians,
having, it is said, killed 150 on Long Island, and 300 on the main.
He continued in their service until his death."

" We find in this relation a striking instance of that false religion,
which, having its seat in the imagination, instead of making the
heart better, and reforming the life, inflames the passions, stupifies
reason, and prbduces the wildest effects in behavior. But it is not
so surprising that men should be thus misled, as that such frantic
zealots should ever be reduced to an acknowledgment of their of-
fences ; which, in this instance, may be ascribed to the strict disci-
pline then practised in the churches of New England."

In a note, Wood says: "He, Underhill, settled at
Stamford, in Connecticut, and was a delegate from that
town to the Court of New Haven in 1643, and was ap-
pointed an Assistant Justice there. In the war be-
tween the Dutch and Indians, from 1643 to 1646, he
had a principal command. After this war, which was
terminated by a great battle at Strickland Plain, and in
which the Dutch with difficulty obtained the victory, he
settled at Flushing, on Long Island. He had some
agency in detecting and exposing the intrigues of the
Dutch Treasurer, in 1653. In 1665, he was a delegate
from the town of Oyster Bay to the Assembly, holden
at Hempstead, by Governor Nicholls, and was appoint-
ed by him Under-Sheriff of the North Riding of York-
shire, or Queen's County. In 1 667, the Matinenoc In-
dians gave him 150 acres of land, which has remained
in the family ever since, and is now in the possession of
one of his descendants that bears his name. It is sup-
posed that Capt. Underhill died at Oyster Bay, in the
year 1672.* The descendants of Capt. Underhill are
numerous, and very respectable. The most of his pos-
terity have changed the warlike habiliments of their
ancestors for the Quaker habit."

His posterity may also be in New Hampshire, where
the name exists. He is mentioned by Prince, as early
as Sept. 28, 1630, " for military purposes." When he
made his confession of his sins, he was made " to sit on
the stool of repentance in church, with a white cap on
his head." As he dated his conversion from a time he
was smoking tobacco, it was hence thought not to be
sincere ; it was thought necessary it should be under
" the preaching of the word."t It was Underhill who,
with the vahant Capt. Mason, made their attack upon

* See Wood's Sketch of Long Island.

t As he used " the good creature," tobacco, I presume he was a great smoker.
This may have recommended him particularly to the Dutch.

the Indians, 1637, at their fort at Mystic,* when the
fierce spirit of tliis tribe was broken, and terror struck
among the Indians generally, on account of the general
massacre of so large a number. He had served as a
British officer in the Low Countries, England, and at
Cadiz. When he was disfranchised, he was also put
out of office as Captain of the Boston Train-band. The
woman referred to (of whom Winthrop speaks so feel-
ingly) was named Faber,t and these troubles com-
menced in 1638, and continued through 1639 ; and the
grand scene of his humiliation took place 7th mo. 3d,
1640, when, as we learn, "he came in his worst
clothes, (being accustomed to take great pride in his
bravery and neatness,) without a band, in a foul linen
cap pulled down to his eyes ; and standing upon a form,
did, with many deep sighs and abundance of tears," &c.
" To make his peace the more sound, he went to her
husband, (being a cooper,) and fell on his knees before
him, in the presence of elders and others, and confessed
the wrong he had done him, and besought him to for-
give him, which he did very freely, and in testimony
thereof he sent the Captain's wife a token." The
cooper as easily forgave his wife.

However Winthrop might have suspected Underbill's
sincerity in all this farce, we should judge he impartially
judged of his case subsequently; for, mo. 7th, 1641,
Bellingham being Governor, " Capt. Underbill, coming
to Boston, was presently apprehended by the (jovernor's
warrant to appear at the next Court, and bound for his
good behavior in the mean time, which was ill taken by
many, seeing he did not stand presented by any man,
and had been reconciled to the church and to the Court,

* Near a river of that name, in tlie County of New London, Conn., a few miles
east of Fort Criswo'.d. The Pequods were nearly all destroyed, about 700 of
them being slain in this battle.

t Winthrop, if we mistake not, had married his fourth wife.

who had remitted his sentence of banishment, and
showed their wilhngness to have pardoned him fully, but
for fear of offence. And it was held by some of the
magistrates, that the Court, having reversed the sen-
tence against him for former misdemeanors, had im-
plicitly pardoned all other misdemeanors before that
time, and his adultery was no move then but a misde-
meanor; but to bind a man to his good behavior, when
he stands reconciled to the church and Commonwealth,
was certainly an error, as it was also to commit such
an one, being not presented nor accused. So easily
may a magistrate be misled on the right hand by the
secret whisperings of such as pretend a zeal of justice
and the punishment of sin. The Governor caused him
to be indicted at the next Court, but he was acquitted
by proclamation."

Capt. Nathaniel Turner. The twelfth on the roll,
and a charter member. In the former edition, the
Christian name of Joseph is inserted as the probable
one, none being found in the roll, and he is not on the
list of officers ; but Nathaniel is undoubtedly the true
name. He lived in Nahant street, Lynn, and requested
to be made freeman, October 19th, 1630, but did not
take the oath till July 3d, 1632 ; and in both places on
the list of freemen has the prefix of respect. " He was
Representative in the first seven sessions of the General
Court, and a member of the first Quarterly Court at
Salem, in 1636. In 1633 he was appointed Captain of
the Militia in Lynn, and in 1636* and 1637 had a com-
mand in several expeditions against the Pequod Indians,
and was a Captain in Stoughton's expedition, when he
acquired a desire for New Haven. 1638, " he sold his
land on Sagamore Hill to Mr. Edward Holyoke, and

*Hi3 house in Saugus took fire by an oven, about midnight, (11 mo. 10th,
1636,) and was burnt down, with all that was in it, save the persons-

removed to Quillipcake, with others, where a new set-
tlement was begun, and called New Haven. In 1639,
he was one of the seven members of the first church in
that place.. In 1640, he purchased, for the town, of
Ponus, an Indian Sagamore, the tract of land which is
now the town of Stamford, for which he paid in ' coats,
hoes, hatchets, &c.' His active and enterprising life
was soon afterward terminated in a melancholy manner.
In January, 1646, he sailed for England, with Capt.
Lumberton, in a vessel which was never heard of more.
In June, 1648, it is said that the apparition of a ship
was seen, under full sail, moving up the harbor of New
Haven, a little before sunset, in a pleasant afternoon ;
and that as it approached the shore, it slowly vanished.
This was supposed to have been a reference to the fate
of Capt. Lumberton's ship. The following epitaph was
written to the memory of Capt. Turner :

" Deep in Atlantic caves his body sleeps,
Where the dark sea its ceaseless motion keeps,
While phantom ships are wrecked along the shore,
To warn his friends that he will come no more !
But He, who governs all with impulse free,
Can bring from Bashan, and the deepest sea,
And when He calls, our Turner must return,
Though now his ashes fill no sacred urn."

Capt. William Jennison, the thirteenth on the roll,
and a charter member. He is called Jenings by John-
son, and sometimes spelt Jenyngs, and Geinson, and was
made freeman October 19th, 1630, and then has the
prefix of respect. August 16th, 1631, he was chosen
Ensign to Capt. Patrick,* by the Court at Boston, and
was Captain of the Watertown Band, where he lived,

* Capt. Patrick, who served in the Prince of Orange's Guard, was the first
Captain of Watertown.

in 1636.* He was Representative, 1637 to 1642,t and
in 1643, seven years, from Watertown, and must have
been a Deputy when the charter was granted. It does
not appear he ever held any office in the. Company,
and probably returned, and died in England. Johnson
supposes he was in England in 1651.

Lieut. Richard Morris, fourteenth on the roll, and
a charter member. He was admitted freeman May
18th, 1631, by the titlej Sergeant Morris, by which
title, without a Christian name, he stands on the oldest
roll, sustaining that office only in the Company. He
belonged to Roxbury, and was their Representative,
1635-6. Farmer says, he " probably went to Exeter,
N. H., 1638." Doct. Belknap, in his History of New
Hampshire, calls him Merrys. In the Addenda of Win-
throp, under date 16th 4 mo. 1636, we find: "The

* After his return from the expedition fitted out 6th mo. 25th, 1636, with Un-
derhill and Capt. N. Turner and En. Davenport, under Endicolt, to revenge the
murder of Oldham.

t" At this Court, (July 1644) Capt. Jcnyson, Captain of the military company
in Watertown, an able man, who had been there from the first settling of that
town, having a year before, (being then a Deputy) in private conference, ques-
tioned the lawfulness of the Parliament's proceeding in England, was sent for by
the Deputies, and examined about it, and after before the magistrates. He ingenu-
ously confessed his scruple, but took oflence, that being a church member, and in
public office, he should be openly produced merely for matter of judgment, not
having been first dealt with in private, either in a church way or by some of the
magistrates, which seemed to some of the Court to have been a failing. The Court
was unwilling to turn him out of place, having been a very useful man, &c, yet
not seeing how he might be trusted, being of that judgment, yet professing that he
was assured that those of the Parliament side were the more godly and honest
part of the kingdom, and that though, if he were in England, he should be doubt-
ful whether he might take their part against their prince, yet, if the King or any
party from him should attempt any thing against this Commonwealth, he should
make no scruple to spend estate and life and all in our defence against them ; he was
dismissed to further consideration; and the Court being broken up, he came soon
after to some of the magistrates, and told them that this questioning in the Court
had occasioned him to search further into the point, and he was now satisfied that
the Parliament's cause was good, and if he were in England he would assist in
defence of it."

% Doct. Farmer is in error here, having mistaken the title for a Christian name.

Governor, with consent of Mr. Dudley, gave warrant to
Lieut. Morris to spread the King's colors at Castle
Island, when the thips passed by. It was done at the
request of the masters of the ten sliips, which were then
here, yet with this protestation,* that we heW the cross
in the ensign idolatrous, and therefore might not set it
up in our own ensigns ; but this being kept as the
King's fort, the Governor and some others were of
opinion, that his own colors might be spread upon it.
The colors were given us by Capt. Palmer, and the
Governor in requital sent him three beaver skins. But
the Deputy allowed not of this distinction." I find a
Lieut. Monish as the second person who had command
of the fort there ; and undoubtedly Lieut. R. Morris,
the name being mis-spelt.

In March, 1633, we find he was Ensign to Capt. Un-
derbill, but, "taking some distaste to his office, request-
ed the magistrates that ho might be discharged of it,
and so was, whereby he gave offence to the congrega-
tion of Boston, so as, being questioned and convinced
of sin in for^king his calling, he did acknowledge his
fault, and, at the request of the people, was by the
magistrates chosen Lieutenant to the same Company,
for he was a very stout man and an experienced sol-
dier."

Savage, in a note, page 127, says "he was a person
of some consequence in the colony, and probably ac-
companied Winthrop in the fleet ; for he and his wife
early became members of the Boston church, being
Nos. 64, Qb. He was in the military service, when a
body of men, or at least of officers, was kept in pay, in
1632 and 3, as appears from the original account of

* Irving, in his Knickerbocker's History, giving a description of the early set-
tlers of Connecticut, says, " they always sailed as near the wind as a sow with a
shingle in her month." Why did such good Christians not only reject the cross,
but dishonor their King ?

Wm. Pynchon, the Treasurer." Being unhappily of
that party in rehgion which favored Wheehvright and
his sister Hutchinson, he signed the famous petition,
and therefore, Nov. 20, 1637, with other schismatics,
was ordered to be disarmed. He probably recanted,
and was therefore permitted to be an associate of the
charter members. But, on the 6th Sept. of next year,
" Lieut. Morris (so say the Colony Records) had leave
to depart, (having offended in subscribing the petition
or remonstrance) being advised to forbear meddhng
with our people in the matters of opinion, lest they be
further dealt with ; and was advised not to sit down
within our limits, and was wished to warn the rest not to
sit down within our hmits." From this banishment, so
" gently expressed, for signing a memorial to the Court
eighteen months before, I know not that he returned.
His retreat was Exeter, where, with many of his perse-
cuted brethren, he formed the association, 4th October,

1639, which is preserved in Hazard, I. 463."

Maj. Gen. Edward Gibbons, the fifteenth on the
roll, and a charter member, came to New England as
early as 1629, was admitted freeman October 19th,
1631, and in the list has the prefix of respect. He
served the town in various offices, and was elected a
Deputy to the General Court, March session, 1638-9,
and thence regularly to 1647 inclusive, except October

1640, and June 1641. He was elected Assistant, May
1650, and served in that office until his death, at Bos-
ton, December 9th, 1654. He had two sons, born in
1633 and 1641. One of his grandsons, Lieut. Wil-
liam Gibbons, was a member, 1691, and a great-grand-
son, John Gibbons, a member also, in 1711. Colonel
Daniel L. Gibbens, Ar. Co. 1810, is undoubtedly a de-
scendant.

He was by profession a merchant, and is noticed by

Eliot with honor. He was admitted a member of Bos-
ton church, No. 113, and his piety was probably more
approved, because he had belonged to the irregular ad-
venturers of Mount Wollastan. Mather says, " he was
a very gay young gentleman, when the Massachusetts
people first came to Salem, and happened to be there
at Mr. Higginson and Mr. Shelton's ordination and
forming the church. He was so much affected with
the solemnity of the proceeding, that he desired to be
received into their number. They had not sufficient
knowledge of him, but encouraged him in his good in-
tentions, and he afterwards joined to the church in
Boston." He is frecjuently mentioned in the early his-
tory of the colony, and was probably one of the young-
est, as he was one of the most enterprising among the
first settlers. He was a very prudent man, for amidst
all the excitements and controversies of the day, it ap-
pears he was never implicated ! which few or none,
except himself, could boast of. He appears to have
been a favorite of the people, for we find him many
years a public character, always in the road of promo-
tion, and never the victim of popular censure. His
popularity in the Company must have been great, be-
sides his military qualifications, since he was the first
successor of Keayne as Commander, elected 1639, and
again elected Captain in 1641, 1646, and 1654; during
the fourth and last year of his command he died — but
we have no account of any funeral solemnities. Thus
he was one of the first who associated with his friend
Keayne to form it, and remained one of its firmest sup-
porters and patrons to his decease. Keayne survived
him but little over a year, and he therefore did not live
to enjoy the friendly bequest made him in that volumi-
nous testament. His will was proved January 1654-5.
The inventory of Gibbons' estate, real and personal, re-

turned loth 10 mo. 1654, was only £294 19 6;* but
the next information we derive from the probate re-
cords of Suffolk, is a special commission, resembling
much those of our days, on account of its insolvency.
He had been too adventurous in the great undertakings
of La Tour, and was, beside, peculiarly unfortunate in
trade, having lost several vessels and cargoes. At one
time he was jointly, but privately, concerned with Lev-
erett, afterwards Governor, as a partner, and lost also
largely in his voyages. His dwelling house, with other
housing and a garden, says the Book of Possessions,
were situated on the bend opposite the lower end of
Market street, now called Cornhill, since old Cornhill
has taken the name of Washington street, so as to give
him the street on the West and North. As the cove
reached nearly or quite up to the bottom of his line,
and much shipping laded and unladed there, it is sup-
posed his place of business was there also.

Gibbons was early elected a military officer, for we
find he was Lieutenant of the Boston Volunteer Train-
band under Underbill, in 1636, and succeeded him as
Captain when he was put out of office for his rehgious
opinions. He continued as Captain until the first regu-
lar organization of the Massachusetts Militia, in 1644,
when he was promoted to be first Sergeant-major of the
Boston (SuffiDlk) Regiment, and that office he continued
to fill until he was elected Sergeant Major-General, as
the successor of Gov. Endicott, in 1649, and held that
elevated office three years successively. Speaking of
his election as Sergeant-major, Johnson observes :
" The first chosen to the office was Major Gibbons, a
man of resolute spirit, bold as a lion, being wholly
tutored up in New England disciphne, very generous
and forward to promote all military matters ; his forts

* Savage makes his inventory .£535 6 7.

are well contrived, and batteries strong and in good
repair, &c. His great artillery well mounted and
cleanly kept, — and his own Company arc very com-
plete in arms, and many of them disciplined in the Mil-
itary Garden* besides their ordinary trainings." In
1641, he was "appointed to see to the laying of the
ordnance in Boston, that they might not be spoiled."

In 1636, Lieut. Gibbons, with John Higginson, were
sent ambassadors, to treat with Canonicus about justice
to be done upon those who were guilty of the murder
of Oldham, wherein they were received and treated
with great pomp and state. " They arriving, were en-
tertained royally, with respect to the Indian manner.
Boiled chesnuts is their white bread, and because they
would be extraordinary in their feasting, they strove for
variety, after the English manner, — boiling puddings
made of beaten corn, putting therein great store of
blackberries,! somewhat like currants. They, having
thus nobly feasted them, afterwards gave them audience
in a State House, — round, — about fifty feet wide, —
made of long poles, stuck in the ground, like your
summer houses in England, — and covered round about
and on the top with mats, &c." VVond. Work. Prov.
p. 109. Davis. Mort. Memo. p. 185 and note.

In 1643, he was one of the Committee appointed on
behalf of Massachusetts to receive and treat with the
Commissioners from the Colonies of Plymouth, Connec-
ticut and New Haven, which convention was composed
of principal leading men of the several colonies, and
whose consultations resulted in the unanimous forma-
tion of the articles of confederation, or Congress of
New England, that for many years met annually, and
conduced essentially to the union, peace and prosperity
of these infant States. His autograph, if any where to
be found now, is among the signatures to the articles

♦ Meaning the A. & II. AC. t Origin of whortleberry pudding.

then agreed upon, if the original paper has been pre
served.

In 1642 Lord Baltimore, Mr. Calvert, his brother,
being Governor of Maryland, (both papists, though
their colony consisted of protestants as well as papists,)
wrote to Capt. Gibbens " and sent him a commission,
oflering him land in Maryland to any of ours that would
transport themselves thither, with free liberty of relig-
ion, and all other privileges which the place afforded,
paying such annual rent as should be agreed upon;"
but the offer was not accepted, nor did any remove
thither. The great speculation, or rather enterprise he
had promoted (La Tour's,) about that time may have
prevented. The articles of that disastrous agreement are
recorded in the Registry of Suffolk, vol. L 7. He was
probably encouraged to that enterprise by the counte-
nance of Gov. Winthrop, who afterwards was much
blamed for his conduct by the constituted authorities,
considering it as a violation of neutrality. If the under-
taking had proved successful, Gibbens, who embarked
largely, and finally lost all,* would have realized probably
a large fortune ; but as Hawkins, a member, was mas-
ter and part owner of the ships employed, a more par-
ticular description of the failure of the expedition will
be related when we come to speak of him as a member.
He commanded the expedition of the united colonies
against the Narragansett Indians, in 1645.

Lieut. William Spencer, the sixteenth on the roll,
and fourth named in the charter, was a merchant, and
lived in Cambridge. He was admitted freeman 4th
March, 1632-3, and elected a Representative from
Cambridge, at the first General Court, 1634 to 1 638, five
years, and must have been a Deputy when the charter
was granted. It does not appear he held any military

* la one instance he Io6t, by La Tour, £2500.

office higher than Lieutenant of the band, Cambridge,
then called Newton, 1636, under Capt. George Cooke.
Probably he was advanced in life. No other informa-
tion can be found relative to him ; his name, however,
being associated with Keayne and Sedgwick in the
charter, shows he nmst have been a man of conse-
quence, and ought to preserve his name forever from
oblivion.

Capt. Robert Hardinge. This name is spelt Hard-
ing, by Farmer. It appears on the old roll as No. 17,
and is spelt there, and in various places on the old re-
cords of Boston, as I have spelt it. He was admitted
freeman, May 18th, 1631. Savage thinks he came in
the fleet with Winthrop. He lived in Boston, and was
one of the first Board of Selectmen elected there. He
was Ensign of the voluntary train band of Boston, 1636,
under Capt. Underbill and Lieut. Gibbons. He was
one of those disarmed, for his heterodoxy, by order of
court, in 1637, and must have been one of those, men-
tioned by Winthrop as among the officers of the mili-
tary, who made their recantation, or his name also
would not have been among the charter members. It
seems the Governor, &,c. sent for them and questioned
them. Their standing and characters rendered it expe-
dient the constituted authorities should bring them over
to the faith as early as possible, for, situated as the
country was, exposed to the merciless savages without,
and dissentions within, the officers of the military, the
only skilled in tactics, were absolutely necessary for
their preservation, and the ruling powers had not then
sufficient confidence in their party to venture very se-
vere measures. Hardinge, however, was probably a
backslider from the faith, notwithstanding he might
have recanted ; for he went to Rhode Island, with oth-

ers who were banished, where, in 1641, lie became an
assistant of that colony.*

Ensign Thomas Cakebread, the eighteenth on the
roll, and a charter member, was made freeman, May
14th, 1634. He first resided at Boston, but afterwards
removed to Sudbury, where he was elected Ensign of
the first voluntary train band. His name is mentioned
as the Ensign of that band, at the organization of the
militia, 1644. Farmer says he died there, January 4th,
1643; probably he means 1643-4.

Ensign John Holman, Dorchester, where he was
Ensign of the first voluntary train band, 1636, under
Capt. Stoughton and Lieut. Duncan. We have no
other information of this charter member, who stands
nineteenth on the roll.

Richard Colltcot, spelt Collocott in the list of free-
men, admitted March 4th, 1632-3, is twentieth on the
roll, and a charter member. He was a merchant, and
never bore any military commission that can now be
ascertained. He was a member of the Dorchester
Church, and Representative from that town, 1637, and
probably afterwards and when the charter was granted.
He afterwards removed to Boston, and was the Repre-
sentative from Saco in 1672. He was living in Novem-
ber, 1682, aged 75, and gave a deposition. His will is
dated April 23d, 1681, and approved August 26th, 1686.
His estate was not finally settled until administration
de bonis non, March 14th, 1719. In a note to Mrs.
Hutchinson's trial, he is said "to be an inhabitant of
Boston, and a principal merchant;" he was then a
Deputy from Dorchester, and one of her opponents. If
a merchant, he exhibited very little of that liberality for
which that profession is so celebrated. He had two
successive wives, and children by both.

* See Callender, 42.

Lieut. (Joseph) Pendleton. Of this charter mem-
ber, the twenty-first on the roll, I have obtained no
information.

Capt. Edward Tomlins, the twenty-second on the
roll, and a charter member, was admitted freeman. May
18th, 1631, and in that list has the prefix of respect.
He lived in Lynn, 1630, and was a carpenter by occu-
pation. His name is spelt by Farmer, and also in most
old records, Tomlyns. He was a Deputy, in the first
House of that description in the Colony, 1 634, and for
five several times afterwards, and was probably a Repre-
sentative when the charter was granted. In 1633, he
built the first mill in Lynn, on Strawberry Brook, which
flows from the Flax Pond. At one of the courts he
agreed to repair Mistick Bridge, for £22. In 1640 he
went to Long Island, but returned to Lynn, and was
appointed Clerk of the Writs, in 1643. He went to
London in 1644, where he resided some time, and ap-
pears to have been at Dublin, in Ireland, in 1679. In
1643 he was sent, with Humphrey Atherton, by the
court, to treat with the Indians at Gorton's plantation,
(Warwick, K. I.) and thereupon catechised them.

Nicholas Upshall, the twenty-third on the roll, and
a charter member. Farmer spells his name Upsall ; it
is on the old roll spelt as I have it, and also so spelt on
his grave-stone, in Copps Hill burial-ground. Close be-
side him lay the grave-stones of his wife, Dorothy, and
friend, Obadiali Copps, for whom the hill is named. He
was early admitted a member of Boston Church, and
freeman, October 19th, 1630. He subsequently relin-
quished the profession of a«-ms, and finally became a
Quaker ; and, for his obstinate adherence to his relig-
ious sentiments, was afterwards, 1641, sentenced to per-
petual imprisonment; which sentence was rigidly en-

forced, until the tears and solicitations of his wife made
an impression upon the rulers, and his punishment was
mitigated to confinement in a private house, in Dor-
chester. He was again apprehended, October, 1656,
as government pretended, " for reproaching the Magis-
trates, and espousing the cause of the Quakers," — fined
£20, and banished the Colony. He went to Plymouth,
but returned, and died August 20th, 1666, aged 70.
His wife died September 18th, 1675, aged 73. His
inventory, October loth, 1666, after deducting debts,
&c, amounted to £543 1 0 ; — no inconsiderable fortune
for those days. He left children. Property, moral
worth, public services, wife, children, friends, cannot
preserve a man from the ruthless fangs of religious per-
secution. Our ancestors, especially the Governor and
Magistrates of Massachusetts, paid strict regard to that
command of scripture, " not to speak evil of dignities;"
and if this and many other cases are considered, pun-
ished with relentless hand the least offensive freedom of
speech against the magisterial or ecclesiastical power.
They yet, during all this time, deserve credit for
adroitly shaping their course between king and parlia-
ment, with even more than ordinary Quaker cunning.
Upshall and wife, with their friend Copps, were buried
in that part of Copps Hill burial ground appropriated
for people of colour, and, until recently, occupied almost
exclusively for such. The respectable Quakers of the
present day (Lynn) have recently reclaimed the remains
of their former brethren from the old Quaker burial
ground, lest the rapacious* hands of speculation should
trespass farther. Why do they not redeem the ashes of

*I have attended a (iuaker meeting, to hear a (traveller) Quaker preach in
their old Meeting-house, and heard a judicious and pious discourse. The house
was in the same enclosure of the hurial ground, on Congress Street, formerly called
Quaker Lane, but except that occasion, as I daily passed by I could not but re-
mark how it was profiined. Some of the vicinity pastured their cow there, and
lied her up in cold weather to feed near the elders' seats.

those who may be considered among the first martyrs
of their sect? If our forefathers had treated the con-
scientious Quakers and Baptists of their day with any
degree of toleration or neglect, their schism would have
been of little consequence, and probably would have
dwindled into insignificance, whereas we now behold
rent upon rent in the garments of the Church ; but they
had strangled the babe of Mrs. Hutchinson's antinomian
creation, by their strong arm of orthodox power, and
they thought they were able to crush every thought and
belief that quadrated not with their own. They pro-
fessed to evangelize the Indians ; — this is some atone-
ment, but unluckily they had but few Eliots among
them.

Capt. Edward Johnson, the twenty-fourth and last
on the roll of charter members, 1637, was the second
person admitted freeman in the Colony, May 18th,
1631, and has the prefix of respect therein, and lived
sometime in Charlestown. He came from Heme Hill,
a parish in Kent, to New England, in 1630. He might
have been the Johnson who was the first Ensign of the
volunteer train band in Roxbury, but he removed to
Woburn, then called "Charlestown Village," and the
principal man who established that settlement. The
Church in that town was planted by him. He was emi-
nent in that day for his piety and learning. Some au-
thors say he was a clergyman, yet they appear to add a
doubt: the weight of evidence shows that he was a
military man. The strong interest he took in religion,
and his first planting the Church in Woburn, probably
gave rise to the supposition of his being a clergyman.
He might also, as a ruling elder,* have officiated when
the place was first settled, but never was a regular or-
dained clergyman.

*" There were ruling elders iu most of the Churches, but not all," says
Hutchinson.

He was Town Clerk of Woburn thirty years, and
sustained various other offices. He represented that
town twenty-eight years, from 1643 to 1671, excepting
1648, and was Speaker of the House of Deputies a
short time in 1655. He was Captain of the first train
band formed there, p.nd was their Captain in Middlesex
regiment, at the organization of the militia, 1644. He
died April 23d, 1672, leaving a widow, Susan, five sons
and two daughters. He was sent with Capt. George
Cooke, Lieut. Humphrey Atherton (as Ensign proba-
bly) in 1643, with forty soldiers, to take Gorton and his
company, and after they had set fire to their houses
several times, which Gorton's friends as repeatedly put
out, they took him and most of his adherents, their cat-
tle, &c. and brought them prisoners to Boston. In 1640
he, with Gov. Bradstreet, Dep. Gov. Danforth, and
Maj. Gen. Dennison and others, was a Committee to
consider and report the situation of public aflfairs in re-
lation to the patent, laws, and privileges of the Colony.
In 1662, he was appointed by the General Court, with
Gen. Gookin, Danforth, Maj. Lusher and Capt. Hill,
a Committee in relation to sending Messrs. Bradstreet
and Norton agents to England, upon the restoration of
Charles II. This committee met at the Anchor Tavern,
in Boston, January 4th, 1662, to adopt measures and
hasten the journey of their agents. This was a very
important subject, considering that by the temporizing
policy of the Massachusetts during their settlement, as it
respects king and parliament, their civil wars, &c., they
had every thing to apprehend on the restoration. They
very prudently and cautiously acknowledged the Parlia-
ment, OHver Cromwell, 6ic.; from 1656 to 1660 were
silent, and abstained from saying or doing any thing
that would give offence to either party, and declined,
modestly, acknowledging Richard Cromwell as pro-
tector. Their instructions, address to the King, and

letters to divers Lords, are preserved in Hutchinson's
collections. Johnson was one of the four to whom the
original charter, and a duplicate of it, were delivered
for safe keeping. The Colony Records give frequent
evidence of his public services, and the confidence he
enjoyed from the people.

He died possessed of a large estate : that which laid
at Heme Hill and other places in England he gave to
several grandchildren, and that in America was willed
to his children. William, his third son, succeeded him
as Representative, and was an Assistant, 1684, and
when Sir E. Andross arrived. That which has done
most to preserve his name and fame, is a work of his,
entitled " fVo7ider-fVorki7ig Providence of Zion^s Saviour
in New England ;" — a book much resorted to and used
by antiquarians and historians of later times — a sort of
jumbled compound of much useful matter, civil, ecclesi-
astical, military, and wonderful indeed.

We have now closed the list of those associated as
members, 1637 — twenty-four in number. Eight were
of Boston, four of Lynn, three of Dorchester, two of
Roxbury, and one each of Charlestown, Cambridge,
Watertown, VVoburn and Sudbury, and two uncertain.
Sixteen of whom sustained the office of Representative ;
two were Assistants, of Massachusetts ; one an Assist-
ant, of Rhode Island Colony, and one Governor of
part of New Hampshire. Twenty-two were military
officers here, or in England, and two private citizens.
This may refute an error prevalent, that the Company
is merely local, and confined to Boston. In its origin
it certainly was composed, two-thirds of out-of-town
members, and the sequel will show that it is not even
confined to the State.

It is proposed, at the end of each year, to give the
names, texts, &c. of those Clergymen who preached the
Court election, or Artillery election sermons ; and, when

arrived at later years, the periodical discourses on other
important occasions, at the end of each year ; — that the
future antiquarian may have as correct and condensed
list as is now possible to be obtained. Many ot the
earliest are not to be ascertained now, but under this
year will be given those few already delivered. No
doubt the Company had a sermon delivered at their
election day, from the first; it is to be hoped it will
never be dispensed with.

1638.

Lieut. (Thomas) French, (Jr-) — Boston, freeman,
1632, and member of the First Church, from whence he
was dismissed, January 27th, 1639, to Ipswich, where
he appears to have resided as early as 1634. He was
Ensign of the Company in 1650.

Capt. (William) Femys. On the oldest roll and

hst of officers the name appears as Capt. Femys,

and the name William is adopted on probability, having
met with it but once, and that obscurely. I have not
obtained any information respecting him. He might be
one of those who became early discontented, and there-
fore returned to England. He was Lieutenant of the
Company, 1640.

Lieut. Edward Winship, Cambridge, freeman, 1635,
was Representative, 1663, 1664, 1681 to 1686 — eight
years. He had five sons and seven daughters. This
name is now spelt Windship, and some of his posterity
are living in Brighton, formerly a part of Cambridge.
He died December 2d, 1688, aged 76.

Thomas Strawbridge. Of him there is no infor-
mation.

Thomas Makepiece, Boston. All I find of this man
is, Court Records, vol. I. 240, " because of his novel

disposition, was informed, we were weary of him, unless
he reform." Hence I suppose he was a man of hberal
sentiments, and of some consequence. At the same
court one was whipped,* eleven stripes, for saying,
" some of the ministers in the Bay were Brownists."
Makepeace was in favor of a free church. He was one
of the patentees and signers of the petitioners for Dover,
N. H., to come under the Massachusetts, 1641.

Maj. Benjamin Keayne, Boston, merchant, admitted
freeman, 1639, and has the prefix of respect. He was
the only son of Capt. Robert Keayne, founder of the
Company, and married a daughter of Gov. Dudley, " an
unhappy and uncomfortable match," as his father speaks
of, in his famous will. " This union, with other unfa-
vorable circumstances," says Savage, "perhaps com-
pelled the son to return to the land of his fathers." In
England, he repudiated his wife, and died there, as sup-
posed, 1668. He gained his title in England, probably.f

Lieut. John Whittingham, Ipswich. This name is
spelt Wittingham on the old roll and in the former edi-
tion. He was son of Baruch, and grandson of Rev.
William Whittingham, the famous puritan minister, in
the reign of Queen Mary, who, it is said, married a
daughter of John Calvin. He came to New Eno^land
with his mother, from Lincolnshire. He was Lieutenant
of the Ipswich volunteer train band; for, in the year
1644, at the organization of the militia, that oflice is
represented in the Colony Records as vacant, by reason
of his death.

* As a similar instance of excessive punishment in those days, I find that a
"Capt. Stow, for abusing Mr. Ludlow, (a Magistrate,) by calling him a Justass, is
fined £100, and prohibited coming within the patent, without the Governor's
leave, upon pain of death."

t Savage is in an error, that administration on R. Keayne, his father's e=tate,
was granted to his son-in-law ;" for Samuel Cole, who was probably his son-in-
law, died in 1666. See ante.

William Ballard, Lynn. He was a farmer, and
lived in Lynn, on the Boston road, a little west of Sau-
gus river; was admitted freeman, 1638, and the same
year was member of the Quarterly Court, at Salem.
He had children, and removed afterwards to Andover.
There is a will, in Suffolk Records, of a William Bal-
lard, dated July 5th, 1679, and approved March 17th,
1686-7, and an administration of a William Ballard's
estate, as of Charlestown, aged 85.

Robert Saltonstall, son of Sir Richard, was one
who signed as a patentee and petitioner for Dover to
come under the jurisdiction of the Massachusetts, 1641.
He is therein styled gentleman, and probably bore a
commission in England.

James Astwood, Dorchester, merchant, freeman,
1639, was probably one of the founders of the Second
Church, in Boston.

Ensign Robert Scot, Boston, freeman, 1636.

Richard Waite, Boston, tailor, was a member of the
Church, 1633; freeman, 1637; probably removed to
Watertown, where sons of Richard Waite were born
in 1639 and 1641. He was a Representative.

Capt. John Johnson, Roxbury, requested to be ad-
mitted freeman, Oct. 19th, 1630; Deputy in the first
House of Representatives, 1634, and for fifteen years
afterwards, consequently a Deputy when the charter
was granted. He was appointed Surveyor General of
Arms, 1644. He was one of the embryo parliament in
1632, " for every town chose two men to be at the next
court, to advise with the Governor and Assistants, about
the raising of a public stock, so as what they should
agree upon should bind all, &c." J. Johnson was one
from Roxbury.* He was the person designated by court

* Richard Wriglit, Ar. Co. 1643, was one from Lynn ; Edward Gibbens and
Abraham Palmer, from Charlestown ; William Spencer, from Newton.

by the title of Goodman Johnson, to whom the Roxbury
men disarmed in Mrs. Hutchinson's case, were to de-
liver their arms. He was appointed, with Woodward,
Sept. 6th, 1638, " if he can spare time, or another to be
got in room, to lay out the most southernmost part of
Charles River, and to have five shillings a day a piece."

He had his house burnt down, 1845, 2* mo. 6th.
Winthrop says, "John Johnson, the Surveyor General
of the Ammunition, a very industrious and faithful man
in his place, having built a fair house in the midst of the
town, with divers barns and other out houses, it fell on
fire in the day time, no man knowing by what occasion,
and there being in it seventeen barrels of the country's
powder and many arms, all was suddenly burnt and
blown up, to the value ol 4 or £500, wherein a special
providence of God appeared, for he being from home,
the people came together to help, and many were in
the house, no man thinking of the powder, till one of
the company put them in mind of it, whereupon they
all withdrew, and soon after the powder took fire, and
blew up all about it, and shook the houses in Boston
and Cambridge, so as men thought it had been an
earthquake. There being then a stiff gale south, it
drove the fire from the other houses in the town, (for
this was the most northerly,) otherwise it had endan-
gered the greatest part of the town. This loss of our
powder was the more observable, in two respects :
1st. Because the court had not taken that care they
ought, to pay for it, having been owing for divers years.
2d. In that, at the court before, they had refused to
help our countrymen in Virginia, who had written to us
for some for their defence against the Indians, and also
to help our brethren of Plimouth in their want."

Johnson was "chosen constable of Rockshurif' as
early as Sept. 19th, 1630. It was then the custom to

* Hutchinson says it was Feb. 26tli, 1644.
10

choose the best men for that office. He died Sept.
29th, 1659. His will is dated 30th of 7th mo. 1659,*
proved 15th of 8th mo. of same year, wherein he gives
his dwelling house and lands to his wife, during her hfe,
and after, " unto my five children, to be equally divided,
my eldest son having a double portion therein, accord-
ing to the Word of God.''''

William Parks, Roxbury, freeman, 1631. He proba-
bly accompanied Gov. VVinthrop in the fleet, and in that
list has the prefix of respect ; the name is therein spelt
Parke, and is erroneously spelt Parker by Johnson and
in 2 Coll. Mass. Hist. Soc. IV. 25. He was Deacon of
the Church, and Representative in 1635 and thirty-two
years afterwards, until 1679, and consequently a Deputy
when the charter was granted. He died May 11th,
1685. Johnson says " he was a man of a pregnant un-
derstanding, and very useful in his place."

Isaac Morril, Roxbury, freeman, was born in Eng-
land in 1588, came to New England as early as 1632,
and died October 18th, 1662, aged 74.

Ensign Hezekiah Usher, Cambridge, freeman, 1639,
removed to Boston 1646. Pie was Representative for
Billerica, 1671, 1672 and 1673, and died in May, 1676.
His tomb is in the Chapel burial-ground, now the prop-
erty of the Francis family. Col. Shrimpton, Ar. Co.
1670, married one of his daughters. His son Hezekiah,
Ar. Co. 1665, and his son Col. John, Ar. Co. 1673.
His will was made, 1676. He was Ensign of the Com-
pany in 1664. He was one of the founders and mem-
bers of the Old South Church.

Capt. Richard Walker, Lynn, farmer. He resided
on the west of Saugus river. The christian name be-

* There is some apparent discrepancy in these dates, but the will may have been
written just before his death, which may have been in the night.

ing blank in the old roll, Robert was inserted errone-
ously in the former edition. He was admitted freeman,
]634. He was Ensign of the volunteer train band in
Saugus (Lynn) in 1G31 ; afterwards a Lieutenant and
Captain. He was Representative in 1640 and 1641,
and died in May, 1687, aged 95.

Capt. William Perkins, Weymouth, freeman, 1634,
was Captain of the military band, 1644, and represented
the town that year. As many of the Weymouth people
removed to Bridgewater and were the original proprie-
tors there, and the name is common there, it is probable
he was one of them.

Thomas Cheeseholm, Cambridge, freeman, 1636;
Deacon of the Church. The name Chisolm exists in
New England.

John Moore, Cambridge, 1636. There were three
of that name admitted freemen, in 1631, 1633, and
1636.

Edward Mitchelson, Cambridge, 1636. His name
appears on the old roll as Michison, and therefore erro-
neously so spelt in the former edition.

William Cutter, freeman, 1633.

Capt. (Richard) Jennings, born at Ipswich, in Eng-
land, and came over with Rev. Nathaniel Rogers in
1636, but returned home in 1639.

Abraham Morrill, Cambridge, 1632, erroneously
spelt in the former edition, Abram Morrell. He re-
moved to Salisbury, and there died, 1 662.

Philip Elliot — spelt by Farmer, Eliot — Roxbury,
freeman 1636. He was brother to the Apostle to the
Indians, and was deacon of his church. He was Rep-
resentative, 1654, and three years after, and was a gen-
tleman of some distinction. His will was made October

21st, 1657, and proved February 11th, next after. He
died October 24th, 1657.

(John) Green. The Christian name is wanting on
the old roll, and Richard was adopted, upon slight in-
formation, in the first edition.

Robert Saunders, Cambridge, freeman 1639. In-
ventory and administration, Suffolk Prob. Rec. March
13th, 1682-3. There was a Robert Saunders, a mem-
ber of the Old South Church.

Stephen Greensmith, probably of Boston, freeman.
At the General Court, 1st mo. 9th, 1636, " One Stephen
Greensmith, for saying that all the ministers, except
A. B. C. (Cotton, Wheelwright, and, as he thought.
Hooker,) did teach a covenant of works, was censured
to acknowledge his fault in every church, and fined
£40." His sentence also required sureties in £100. In
the Addenda of Winthrop, 7th, 25, " James Penn and
Edward Bendell of Boston, did bind themselves, their
heirs and executors, to pay unto the Treasurer, within
three months, £40, for the fine of Stephen Greensmith."
Savage observes : " Marks are drawn across this para-
graph, but it is evident that it was designed by the au-
thor to express the discharge of the obligation ; for in
the margin is written" — " paid by £20 in wampum, and
£20 by debt to Robert Saltonstall." He must have
been a man of some note, if we consider his sureties.
He appealed to the King, but the Court in all cases dis-
allowed appeals, and he was committed until — sentence
be performed. Alas ! how cruel is ecclesiastical bond-
age ! May not Papists even cry out against us ? This
man had no money — for he paid his fine by strings of
Indian beads, and contracting a debt to the benevolent
Saltonstall, who probably lent him or advanced the re-
mainder to liberate him from prison.

Arthur Perry, Boston, freeman 1640. He was
long known as town drummer, and is for many years
recorded in the list of officers as Drummer to the Com-
pany. It was no inferior office, rest assured, gentle
reader ; for, as the town then had no bells, he used —
for it then was the custom — to beat his drum round
town to call the gentlefolic to meeting on Sunday, to
lectures, &c. &c. ; and the office was of so much con-
sequence that he received an annual stipend from the
town of £5, — and the loss of such a valuable officer was
provided against in 1643, by making provision at the
public charge for the instruction of such as were candi-
dates to become his successors.* His son Seth was a
member of the Ar. Co. 1662. He owned a valuable
estate in School street, between the corners of Wash-
ington street and Common street, f probably about
where the 2d Universalist meeting-house stands; and
there he died, October 9th, 1652.

John Audlin, Boston, freeman 1634. Spelt by Far-
mer, Odlin. He was one of the first settlers of Boston.
He died December 18th, 1685, aged 83. He was one
of the persons disarmed on account of his adherence to
Mrs. Hutchinson. He gave a deposition, June 10th,
1684, printed in Snow's History of Boston, p. 50.

John Stow, Roxbury, freeman 1634; Representa-
tive 1639,

John Winchester, Muddy River, now called Brook-
hne ; freeman 1637. On the old roll he has no Christ-
ian name, and Richard was adopted by mistake, in the
first edition. He died April 25th, 1694, aged upwards
of 80.

* The erection of Pews on the ground floor of mecting-hoiises was a New Eng-
land invention. Some of our first meeting-houses in Boston, that had pews, had
no broad or other aisle, but were entered from witiiout by a door, the owner
keeping the l:cy.

t Now Tremont street.

Capt. Nathaniel Duncan, Dorchester, merchant ;
freeman 1635. Nathaniel, Jr, his son, was of Ar. Co.
1642, and his son Peter, Ar. Co. 1654. He was the
fifty-seventh on the roll, and second named in the char-
ter. He was Lieutenant of the first volunteer train-
band in Dorchester and in Stoughton, in 1636, and
afterwards Captain. He was one of the first settlers at
Dorchester, and represented that town many years in
the General Court, particularly the year the charter
was granted. It does not appear he ever sustained any
ofiice in the Company, and he w^as probably advanced
in years, for he is not mentioned as in any military
ofiice at the organization of the Militia, 1644. John-
son says, " he was learned in the Latin and French
tongues, and a very good accountant ; wherefore he
was called to the place of Auditor General for the coun-
try." Thus it appears the charter was granted to four
persons, one in each of the principal towns in the col-
ony, with their associates, and also may serve to correct
the mistaken idea prevalent, that the Company, in its
origin or progress, has been confined to Boston. By
supposing all down to Duncan on the roll to have been
charter members, it follows that one Assistant and
eleven Deputies, which have then consisted of only be-
tween thirty and forty, were among those to whom the
charter was granted.

- Thomas Stow, Braintree.

William Wilcox, Cambridge; freeman 1636; died
there, November 28th, 1653.

Maj. tjEN. Humphrey Atherton, Dorchester ; free-
man May 2d, 1638 ; came, it is supposed, from Lan-
cashire. He signed the covenant of Dorchester Church
in 1636. In September, 1638, he was a Deputy to the
General Court from Dorchester, and nine years after-
wards, to 1651. In 1653, he represented Springfield,

in which town, it is supposed, he had an interest ; and
the same year was Speaker of the House of Deputies,
and elected an Assistant in 1654, which office he held
until his death, September 16th, 1661. At the organi-
zation of the Militia, 1644, he was Captain of the Dor-
chester Band, having previously been Lieutenant, and
succeeded Major Gibbens as Serjeant-major of the Suf-
folk Regiment, on his promotion to be Major-General,
in 1649 ; and he continued in that office until he suc-
ceeded General Daniel Dennison, in 1566, as Major-
General, and that office he held also at the time of his
death, which was September 17th, 1661. Boston Re-
cords say he died 17th September, about one o'clock,
A. M.* (says a manuscript note of John Hull.) The in-
scription copied into Alden's Collection of Epitaphs,
says the 16th. Tradition reports his death to have been
caused by a fall from his horse, in consequence of riding
over a cow, while attending a military review on Boston
Common ; — another account of the accident is, that it
happened on Boston Neck, on his return from the re-
view. Hubbard says, speakingof the matter, "likewise
was called to conflict with the strife of tongues, and the
manner of his death also noted as a judgment. "f

Johnson says : " Although he be slow of speech, yet
is he downright for the business — one of a cheerful
spirit and entire for the country." He is also said to
be " a man of courage and presence of mind ;" for he
was sent with twenty men to Pessacus, an Indian
sachem, to demand the arrears of 300 fathom of wam-
pum. Pessacus put him off for some time with dilatory
answers, not suffering Atherton to come into his pres-

*Thia may account for the apparent discrepancy, it being the night of the ICth —
17th.

t Our ancestors considered all remarkables, or accidents, as judgments, and
especially if they befell their adversaria sin religious, or subtle and metaphysical
distinctions in matter of doctrine. Most of them are too absurd, trifling and ridic-
ulous for notice.

ence. He carried his twenty men to the door of the
wigwam, entered himself with his pistol in his hand,
leaving his men without, and seizing Pessacus by the
hair of his head, drew him from the midst of a great
number of his attendants, threatening, if any one of
them dared to stir, ho would dispatch him. Pessacus
presently paid down what was demanded, and the Eng-
lish returned in safety. His descendants remain in
Norfolk County. He sustained the office of Sergeant
in the Company; also, Ensign, in 1645; Lieutenant,
1646; Captain, 1650, and Captain a second time in
1658. Savage says, " he deserves much honor in our
early annals. He was sent, with Edward Tomlyns, in
1643, by the Court, to treat with Miantunnomoh, Sa-
chem of the Narragansett Indians, and questioned them
on the ten commandments ; and a second embassy,
1648, with Plugh Prichard ; also, at another time, with
George Cooke and Edward Johnson. He named his
children singularly, viz, Jonathan, Rest, Increase,
Thankful, Hope, Consider, Watching, Patience.* His
inventory, beside land, a farm at Worronow 700 acres,
was £838, Administration was granted " at the Gov-
ernor's house," September 27th, 1661; and July 6th,
1662, his estate was divided between his widow and
children.

His epitaph, on the grave-stone in Dorchester burial-
ground, is worthy of being preserved for its singularity,
and to show the standard of New England poetry, of
that period, viz :

" Here lies our Captain, and Major of Suflolk was withal,

A goodly magistrate was he, and ftlajor General.

Two troops of horse with him here came, such love his worth did crave.

Ten companies of foot, also mourning, marched to his grave.

Let all, who read, be sure to keep the truth, as he has done;

With Christ he now is crowned; his name was Huinphrey Atherton."

*One would think the whole race of Prtiisc God Lnrehoiies were lot loose in
one generation, if we did not know of ^ome such fantastical names ia our own day.
There is now a distinguished (man) Preserved Fish, in New York.

David Offley, Boston.

(John) Harrison, Boston; freeman 1641. The
Christian name is blank in the old roll, and Edward
was adopted in the last edition. I am much better per-
suaded it should be John, and by better evidence.

Capt. John Hull, Boston; freeman 1632. He was
son of Robert Hull, and father of Capt. John, Ar. Co.
1660. It is an error in the first edition to assign any
of the Company's offices to the John Hull of this year;
they belong exclusively to John of 1660. He never
sustained any other office except Sergeant. His inven-
tory dated 30th 5 mo. 1670— total £82 12. He died
July 28, 1666, aged 73.

Maj. Thomas Clarke, Boston ; freeman 1638 ; mer-
chant. He was Captain of the Boston Militia, and suc-
ceeded Major Lusher as Sergeant-major, 1672. He
was elected a Deputy from Boston, 1651, and the seven
succeeding years, and again in 1663, and the next fol-
lowing nine years — eighteen years in all ; and was
Speaker of the House of Deputies a part of the year
1751. In 1662, he represented some other town, and
was again Speaker; also was Speaker in 1665, 1669,
1670 and 1672. In 1673, he was elected an Assistant,
and continued in that office until his decease, March
13th, 1683. Farmer says he was Assistant only five
years. He was one of the two Deputies (to his honor
be it remembered) who entered their dissent against the
law of 1656, punishing with death all Quakers who
should return to Massachusetts after banishment. He
was one of the four (1664) to whom the charter was
delivered for safety.*

Upon the division of the Suffi)lk Regiment, 1680,
Boston constituted the first Regiment, under Clarke,

* Major Clarke, in behalf of Massachusetts Colony, accompanied the King's
Commissioners to Manhadoes, surrendered August 27th, 1664.
11

and that part of Suffolk now the County of Norfolk,
was created a new Regiment, under William Stoughton.
At the same time, Essex and Middlesex Reoiments were
divided also. In 1653, he, with Thomas Lake, acting
as attornies of David Yale, conveyed the beautiful es-
tate late belonging to Gardiner Greene, Esq. said to
contain two acres, more or less, and extending to Sud-
bury street, to Hezekiah Usher, for the use of Capt.
John Wall, of London, mariner. Major Clarke's will
was dated May 1680, and proved March 22d, 1682.
He was buried, says an old Almanack, March 19th,
1683, with military honors. He was Sergeant of the
Company, and twice elected Lieutenant, 1639 and
1651 ; and twice ^Captain, in 1653 and 1665. Major
John Richards was his executor. His wharf was near
Hancock's wharf, Clarke street derives its name from
him.

Capt. Thomas Hawkins, Dorchester, afterwards of
Boston ; freeman 1639. He was a merchant and ship
master. He was a Deputy in 1639, from Dorchester
probably; and in 1644 was colleague Deputy from
Boston with Gibbons. He came to this country in the
fleet with Winthrop. He was jointly concerned with
Gibbons in helping La Tour, and commanded about 70
jnen, who joined in the expedition under him as Com-
mander-in-Chief, in 1643. He would not gratify La
Tour by breaking neutrality and fighting D'Aulncy, but
.gave leave to his men to volunteer, who burnt his mill
and some standing corn, and returned safely to Boston
with his ships, bringing 400 moose skins and 400 bea-
ver skins. He died abroad, about 1654. He was elect-
ed Lieutenant of the Company 1642, again 1643, and
Captain 1644 ; being the only instance known of the
hke in the Company. He was doubtless distinguished
for other valuable qualities besides his enterprise. His

inventory, taken July 26th, 1654, speaks of a house,
barn, and 180 acres of land at Dorchester, over the
water, which I take to be South Boston, valued at
£257 ; house and land at Boston, £200 ; one half ship
Perigrine, in England, £75 — the whole inventory, £900.
He had a son, Thomas, Ar. Co. 1649.

Maj. Nehemiah Bourne, Boston, shipwright ; free-
man 1641. He went to England in the winter of
1644-5, and was appointed a Major in Col. Rainsbur-
row's Regiment, in the Parliament's service, during the
civil wars. He returned to his wife and family in 1645,
and again went to England about the end of the year,
but came back again and settled here. Previous to
procuring this appointment, and probably to ingratiate
himself with Cromwell's party, he signed the petition to
the General Court, with Sedgwick, Fowle, and others,
for the abrogation of the laws against the Anabaptists
and tax on new-comers, which were so peremptorily
refused by the government of Massachusetts.

Maj. William Ting, Boston, merchant ; freeman
1638 ; was elected Deputy from Boston, September
Court, 1639 ; also for the years 1640, '1, '2, '3, '7— in
all, six years; and Treasurer for the Colony from
1640 to 1644. He was Captain of the Military Band
in Braintree — where he probably lived when the volun-
teer Band was formed first, being at an earlier date — at
the organization of the Militia, 1644. He was brother
of the first Edward Tyng, and his name is so spelt by
Farmer, though in many places I find it according as
here given from the old roll. He was Ensign of the
Company in 1640. He died January 18th, 1653, leav-
ing an estate appraised at £2774 14 4. He was one of
the Commissioners from Massachusetts Colony, who es-
tablished the confederation of the New England Colo-
nies, in 1643. Having gone to England, Richard Russel

was chosen Treasurer in his stead. Savage says, " the
titles of several of his books show an estimable curiosity
in the possessor." He left no family. liis "house,
one close, a garden, one great yani, and one little yard
before the hall windows, bounded on the street that
goes to the dock southwards. This sets him on the
tonffue of land between Brattle and Washington street,
now known as Market Row." Johnson speaks of him,
as " being endued by the Lord with a good understand-
ing— sometime Treasurer of the country."

Richard Parker, Boston, merchant ; freeman 1641.

Edward Bendall, Boston, merchant ; freeman 1 634.
He had three sons — Freegrace, Ar. Co. 1667 ; Reform
and Hopefor. The dock Vv^here Faneuil Hall now
stands, was then used for a cove for shipping, was the
seat of the principal mercantile business, and called
Bendall's Dock. His brick house was situated near the
dock, somewhere between Gibbons and Samuel Cole's
tavern — probably about where the " bite of Logan''' now
is, and his warehouse was there. This cove was after-
wards called the Town Dock. He was an early mem-
ber of Boston Church, being No. 77 ; and it is pre-
sumed he came with Winthrop. Administration on his
estate was granted May 2d, 1 682, to William Phillips,
senior, which makes it probable he lived to an advanced
age. Great credit is due to him for his successful en-
terprise, in 1642, in raising the ship "Mary Rose,*
which had been blown up and sunk, with all her ord-
nance, ballast, much lead, and other goods." — " The
Court gave the owners above a year's time to recover
her, and free the harbor, which was much damnified by
her ; and they having given her over, and never at-

*This incident is related by Winthrop, among the multitude of the judgments.
It was sttributed to the sin of the ciew's not leaving the ship on Sunday to attend
meeting. She was sunk near the channel, by Chailestown,

tempting to weigh her, Edward Bendall undertook it
npon these terms, viz : if he freed the harbor, he should
have the whole ; otherwise, he should have half of all
he recovered. He made two great tubs, bigger than a
butt, very tight, and open at one end, upon which were
hanged so many weights as would sink it to the ground,
(600 wt.) It was let down, the diver sitting in it, a
cord in his hand, to give notice when they should draw
him up, and another cord to show when they should re-
move it from place to place, so he could continue in his
tub near half an hour, and fasten ropes to the ordnance,
and put the lead, &c. into a net, or tub. And when the
tub was drawn up, one knocked upon the head of it,
and thrust a long pole under water, which the diver laid
hold of, and so was drawn up by it ; for they might not
draw the open end out of water for endangering him,
&c." Savage adds, in a note, " If the diving-bell had
by ingenious or philosophical men been earlier in-
vented, I doubt that no instance of its successful appli-
cation can be found before this."

Bendall also deserves to be remembered for his liber-
ality in becoming surety for Stephen Greensmith, as
before related. He was one of those disarmed.

John Coggan, Boston, merchant; freeman 1633.
He set up the first shop in Boston, March 4th, 1633-4,
on the lot purchased of Mr. Wilson, the minister, viz :
at the northwest corner of State and Washington streets,
now owned by Joseph Coolidge, Esq. March 10th,
1651, he married Martha, the widow and fourth wife of
Gov. Winthrop, and the marriage ceremony was per-
formed by Gov. Endicott. This was also her third
husband. He died in 1658. He left a good estate,
whereof 500 acres of land in Woburn were valued at
£10. John Coggan was an early donor (1652) to
Harvard College.

John Gore, Roxbury ; freeman 1637; died June
4th, 1657. The late Gov. Gore is believed to be a de-
scendant of this family.

Valentine Hill, Boston ; freeman 1640; merchant.
He married a daughter of Gov. Eaton, of New Haven.
He was Representative from Dover, whither he had re-
moved, in 1652 to 5, also 1657. He died in 1662.

Walter Blackborne, freeman 1639.

Capt. Edward Hutchinson, Boston ; freeman Sep-
tember 3d, 1634 — son of the famous Mrs. Ann Hutch-
inson, and one of those disarmed on her account. He
was Deputy from Boston in 1658. He was Lieutenant
of the Company, 1654, and Captain 1657. He came
over with his parents, in company with Rev. John Cot-
ton, or about the same time. His father had lived at
Alford, in the neighborhood of Boston, England, and
was of good reputation, and had a good estate. His
mother, says Mr. Cotton, "was well beloved, and all
the faithful embraced her conference, and blessed God
for her fruitful discourses ;" but the two great errors she
inculcated, and which created such disturbance and
persecution, were, " that the Holy Ghost dwells person-
ally in a justified person ; and that nothing of sanctifi-
cation can help to evidence to behevers their justifica-
tion."

He was sent, with Leverett, on an embassy to the
Narragansett Indians, in 1642, and commanded a com-
pany in the expedition into the Nipmug country, at the
commencement of King Philip's war, in 1675, under
his brother-in-law Savage, and was wounded in an en-
gagement with the Indians, four or five miles from
Brookfield, on the 2d of August, and died of his wounds
at Marlborough, 19th August, 1675, aged 67. Elisha,
his eldest son and administrator on his estate, Ar. Co.
1660 — also other sons. Thus, he who with his mother

was persecuted, poured out his blood in the service of
that uncharitable country. His will appears dated Au-
gust 24th, and proved the same month, 1675. I have in
vain sought to account for this discrepancy ; the figure
2 before 4 may have been improperly copied in the re-
cord. His inventory amounted to £745.

" To his honor, he entered his dissent against the
sanguinary law in 1658, for punishing the Quakers with
death on their return to the colony after banishment."

Capt. James Johnson, Boston, glover ; freeman
1636. He was a member of the Boston Church, and
married a daughter of Elder Thomas Oliver, and had
several sons. He was Lieutenant of the Company,
1658.

Col. George Cooke, Cambridge; freeman 1636.
He was Deputy from Cambridge in 1636, 1642 to '5,
and Speaker of the House, October session, 1645. In
1636, he was Captain of the first volunteer Train-band
in Cambridge, and had William Spencer for his Lieu-
tenant. He retained that office at the organization of
the Militia, 1644. He commanded the Artillery Com-
pany in 1643, and while its Captain was sent by the
Court, with Atherton and Edward Johnson and forty
soldiers, to Putuxet, near Providence, who arrested
Gorton and most of his adherents, and brought them to
Boston. Winthrop gives a long detail of the mihtary
pomp and ceremony on their return. After some years'
residence in New England, he became dissatisfied with
America, and returned to his native country. He be-
came a Colonel in the Parliament's army, during the
civil wars, and served in Ireland. Savage says, " he
probably died in Oliver's service."

Maj. Eleazer Lusher, Dedham ; freeman 1638;
husbandman. He was elected Representative 1640,
and twelve years after; and Assistant 1662, and ten

years following, and died in that office, November loth,
1672. He was Captain of the Military Band in that
town, 1644, and succeeded Gen. H. Atherton as Ser-
geant-major of the Suffolk Regiment, in 1656, which
office he also held at the time of his decease. He was
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1646, and elected Lieutenant
1647. Johnson says, " he was one of a nimble and ac-
tive spirit, strongly affected to the ways of truth, — one
of the right stamp, and pure metal, a gracious, humble,
and heavenly-minded man."

Dedham was commenced in settlement, Sept. 1635,
but little progress was made till July, 1637, when John
Allin, their minister. Lusher and ten others, bringing re-
commendations, were at the same time admitted towns-
men, and they gave a more decided character to the
place than all others. Lusher was one of the founders
of the first church there, and long continued one of
their chief town officers, " and," says Worthington,
" maintains an eminent rank among the founders of the
town,"* " He was a leading man all his life time, and
directed all the most important affairs of the town. The
full and perfect records which he kept, the proper style
of his writings, above all, the peace and success of the
plantation, which had the wisdom to employ him, are
good evidences of his merit, and that his education had
been superior to all other men, (Mr. Allin excepted.)

" He was an influential and useful member of the
House of Deputies. When Charles II. was restored to
the English throne, great fears began to be entertained
in the colony, that its charter and liberties might be
violated by the new administration. In 1660, a large
committee was appointed to consider the perilous state
of affairs then existing, and advise the General Court in
the measures to be adopted. Maj. Lusher was one of

* Among the most respectable town histories I have met with, is Worthington's
History of Dedham.

that committee.* He was one of the commissioners,
with Danforth and John Leverett, to repair to Dover to
allay the discontent and settle differences, which event-
uated in success.

His death is noticed in the church records, as quoted
in Dexter's Century Sermon, thus: "Maj. Eleazer
Lusher, a man sound in the faith, of great holiness and
heavenly mindedness, who was of the first foundation of
this church, and had been of great use (as in the Com-
monwealth, so in the church,) especially after the death
of the reverend pastor thereof, (Allin,) departed this life
Nov. 13th, 1672." It seems he gained the name of
" nimble-footed Captain." " The following saying was
repeated frequendy, by the generation which immedi-
ately succeeded Lusher.

' When Lusher was in office, all things went well ;
But how they go since, it shames us to tell.' "

This applied particularly to town affairs, especially
schools, which greatly degenerated. His will was dated
Sept. 20th, 1672, and proved Jan. 28th, 1672-3. He
was a large landholder, but his inventory I have not
found. His widow died soon after, for her inventory
appears -Feb. 6th, 1672-3, £307 19 11.

Capt. Richard Sprague, Charlestown, freeman 1631,
came to Salem, New England, with Gov. Endicott, in
1628, and had removed to Charlestown and com-
menced the settlement there previous to the arrival of
Gov. Winthrop and his associates, in the fleet. He was
a Captain of the Charlestown band, and elected Ensign
of the Ar. Co. in 1659, and Lieutenant in 1663, and
represented Charlestown as Deputy in 1644 and 1639
to 1666. He died Nov. 23th, 1668. The descendants
of the Sprague family are found in various towns in
Plymouth County and in Rhode Island, and a genealogy

* Notice of this i^ found under Edward Johnson, ante.
12

of them was published by one of them, Hosea Sprague,
of Hingham, in 1828. The Hon. Peleg Sprague is a
descendant. By his last will he gave to Harvard College
32 ewe sheep, with their lambs, valued at £30. This
was one of the earUest donations to that " school of the
Prophets."

Lieut. Ralph Sprague, Charlestown, freeman 1631,
a brother of Richard, and accompanied him to this
country, and went with him to settle Charlestown in
1629. He was the first person chosen to the office of
constable at Charlestown, 1630. He was also a military
officer there. He represented that town as Deputy,
1635 and afterwards, in the whole, nine years, and was
a Deputy when the charter was granted.

Samuel Hall, Maiden. He is probably the one who,
with Oldham and others, in 1633, travelled westward
and first discovered Connecticut, or, as it was then
called, "the Fresh River," and died at Maiden, 1680.
He was undoubtedly the ancestor of the Hails in Bos-
ton, Medford and vicinity.

Capt. Abraham Palmer, Charlestown, freeman 1631.
He was Deputy from Charlestown at the first 'General
Court, in 1634 and four years afterwards, and conse-
quently when the charter was granted. He was a mili-
tary man, for in the addenda of VVinthrop, under date
of 4 mo. 18th, 1636, "We granted Mr. Palmer a demi-
culverin in exchange for a sacre, of Mr. Walton's, which
was ready mounted at Castle Island, being, by the opin-
ion of Mr. Pierce and some others, better for us than
the demi-culverin. \Ne had 100 wt. of shot, and some
wires and sponges into the bargain." He is probably
the last person who appears as signer of the instructions
to Gov. Endicott, dated London, May 30th, 1628, and
in one place I think is named as an Assistant, chosen in
England. I have also met with the title of Capt. as ap-

plied to one of that name, presuming it must have been
his title in England.

James Browne, Charlestown, freeman, 1634.

We have thus arrived at the close of the year 1638,
during which fifty-eight persons became members. The
names of the clergymen who preached the Court and
Artillery election sermons are not preserved, but as it
has been almost invariably the custom for the Com-
mander to nominate the clergyman of his own parish,
some classmate or college friend, or the clergyman of
his native town, under whose ministry he was educated,
I conclude Keayne nominated liis own minister and
brother-in-law, the pious John Wilson, first minister of
Boston.

1639.

Maj. Robert Thompson, Boston. He was an inhab-
itant of Boston sometime, and his name appears fre-
quently in ancient records, in connexion with grants of
lands. In spelhng his name I find the p often omitted.
His military title was undoubtedly gained in England.
He, with Willoughby, was an overseer and trustee of
the famous will of Edward Hopkins.

CoL. Rainsburrow, Boston, 1639. This name

I find spelt variously. There is no christian name on
the old roll. He was a relative of Gov. Winthrop. He
returned to England and was appointed to be Captain
of a troop of horse, intended for Ireland, and also Gov-
ernor of Worcester. He was highly favored by Crom-
well, and was Colonel of a regiment in the parliament's
service, with Israel Stoughton as Lieut. Colonel, Nehe-
miah Bourne as Major, John Leverett as Captain, and
William Hudson as Ensign, all of the Massachusetts
Colony, and members of this Company, as ofiicers un-

der him. Lord Clarendon's History of the Rebelhon,
p. 3219, gives an account of his death in 1648.

Robert Child, Boston, physician. On the old roll
nothing appears except a surname, not very legible,
which 1 called Chidley, in the first edition, and subse-
quently supposed it might be Maj. John Child, but I
cannot be certain he ever came to this country. After
reviewing the old roll, I think I may read it Chidle,
and, with strong probability of now being correct, have
adopted the name of the famous Dr. Robert Child, the
only name I can find that at all corresponds. If it was
him, he received the degree of Doctor of Medicine from
Padua, came twice to New England, and gave consid-
erable disturbance to the government. He is spoken of
as a young man, and might be one of the petitioners
for the grant of Lancaster, 1 644. This Dr. Child was
greatly persecuted by the colonial government for pre-
suming to petition parliament, was fined and confined
more than once, and his study broken open and papers
taken away, every hindrance placed in his way to pre-
vent his going to England to present his petition — but
at last he presented it, but was unsuccessful. He proba-
bly died in England. Winthrop gives a long account
of his case. Farmer inserts the name John Chidley,
upon my suggestion. When he signed the famous pe-
tition, 1646, Winthrop gives his name Childe.

Maj. Gen. Sir John Leverett, Boston, merchant,
freeman 1640. He was son of Elder Thomas Leverett,
aiid came with his i'ather to New England at the same
time with Rev. Mr. Cotton, and was admitted to the
Boston Church July 14th, 1639. He was Clerk of the
Ar. Co. several years, Sergeant, elected Lieutenant 1648,
and Commander three times, viz. 1652, 1663 and 1670.
We find him first mentioned on the roll and list of offi-
cers with the title of Lieut., then Capt., &.c. probably

in the militia. In 1663 he was elected Maj. General of
the Colony, and again, in 1666, successor of Gen. Den-
nison.

He seems to have spent most of his life in the service
of the colony, for he was chosen Deputy from Boston,
1651, '2 and '3 — again 1663, '4 and '5, and was Speaker
of the House part of the year 1651, also in 1663 and
1664, as Farmer says. In 1665 he was chosen from
the House of Deputies to be an Assistant, and continued
elected to 1670. He was chosen Deputy Governor
1671 and 1672, and Governor 1673 to 1678, and died
in that office, March 16th, 1679. He went to England
in 1644-5, and was appointed a Captain in Rainsbur-
row's regiment, but returned to Boston. He received
the order of Knighthood from Charles II. in 1676. He
suppressed that title, or the knowledge of it, during life,
his previous republican employments and the genius of
our colonial government made him wisely conceal it.
He was in England at the restoration, advocating the
interest of the colony, which may have made his talents
and influence known to the king, who afterwards hon-
ored him, when in his highest colonial dignity.

He was one of the four persons, 1664, to whom the
patent or first charter was delivered by the General
Court, to be kept safe and secret, together with a dupli-
cate, who were directed to dispose of them as might be
most safe for the country. Gov. Bellingham was one
of them, Capt. Thomas Clark and Capt. Edward John-
son, both members, the other two.

His son Hudson, Ar. Co. 1656, and grandson Hon.
John, Ar. Co. 1704, and several of his descendants,
have been members. His will and codicil are dated
March 15th, 1678-9, wherein he names his grandson
John, to be brought up in learning. His son Hudson,
the father of John, had a double portion. He left six
daughters, and had a very large landed estate. His

mansion house, during the Hfe of his father, was at the
south-east corner of Court Street, and his father's,
which he afterwards occupied, with a garden on the
east side of where the old or first meeting house stood,
had State Street on the north, and the marsh of Mr.
Winthrop on the south. That part of Congress Street
north of Water Street was long called Leverett's Lane
or Street, in remembrance of father and son. The dis-
order of which he died was the stone, as appears by an
interleaved Almanack of that year. His picture, in
military costume of that day, his sword, collar, gloves,
&;c. are preserved in the Essex Historical Library, at
Salem.

" The Governor, under the old charter," says Hutch-
inson, " although he carried great porte, (so does the
Doge of Venice,) yet his share in the administration
was little more than any one of the Assistants. The
weighty affairs of the war, and the agency, during his
administration, conducted with prudence and steadiness,
caused him to be greatly respected." His funeral was
splendid, as appears by the order of procession, and not
unhke that of royalty in England.

He was sent, with Edward Hutchinson, on an em-
bassy to Miantonomoh, Sachem of the Narragansetts,
in 1642. He also had a military command under Sedg-
wick, in expelling the French from Penobscot, in 1654.
He was one of the Commissioners to repair to Dover,
in company with Lusher and Danforth. He wore long
hair, but is the first Governor that is painted without a
long beard. He laid it aside in Cromwell's court.
Harvard College Records, 3d mo. 10th day, 1649, con-
tains the paper drawn up by the Governor and magis-
trates, against "longhair," — the following is the pre-
amble : " Forasmuch as the wearing of long hair, after
the manner of rufiians and barbarous Indians, has
begun to invade New England, contrary to the rule of

God's word, which says it is a shame for a man to wear
long hair, as also the commendable custom generally
of all the godly of our nation, until within these few
years ; &-c. &c."

" Order of march at the funeral of Gov. Leverett, who died ICth
March, 1678, and was buried the first day of the next year, 25th
March, 1679 :—

Mr. John Joyliff, Mr. James Whitcomb, Mr. William Tailer,
Mr. Richard Middlecot — to carry each a Banner Roll at the four
corners of the Hearse.

To march next before the Hearse, as followeth :

Mr. Samuel Shrimpton, or in his absence, Capt. Clap — to carry
the Helmet.

Mr. John Fairweather — to carry the Gorget.

Mr. E. Hutchinson — Brest. Mr. Charles Lidget — Back.

Mr. Sampson Sheafe — one tace. Mr. John Pinchon — one tace.
Mr. Dummer, in case.

Capt. Nich. Page — one Gauntlet. Capt. J. Carwin — one Gauntlet.

Lt. Edw. Willys — the Target. Capt. Edw. Tyng — the Sword.

Mr. Hezekiah Usher — one Spur^ Mr. Peter Sargeant — one Spur.

Capt. William Gerrish, to lead the Hearse per the Racis — and
Return Waite (as Groom) per the headstall.

Mr. Lynde, Mr. Saffin, Mr. Rock, N. Green — to carry Banners
mixt with the Banner Roles above."

His concern in trade with Gibbons, wherein several
ships and cargoes were lost, must have been consider-
able ; but he was a secret partner in one ship only ;
they lost above JC2000. He was also appointed one of
the Commissioners to the Dutch Governor of New
York, (Stuyvesant,) and commander of the forces con-
templated to be raised in case of war with them, in
1633. He was a Captain of a troop of horse in Crom-
well's service, in 1656.

MiDDLEWAiTE. This name is almost unintelli-
gible on the old roll. I think it should be Jolm Mussel-
white. If it was, then he was of Newbury, 1635 ; came
from Beaverstock, in Wiltshire ; was admitted free-

man 1639, and died January 30th, 1670. This name,
written MusseUichit in the Colony records, and Mussil-
loway in the Newbury records, has now become Sil-
oway, and is thus spelled by his descendants, who are in
the vicinity of Newbury.*

Bridemore. This name is also unintelligible,

nothing appearing but a badly written surname. I
think it was Capt. Sebastian Bridgham, of Rowley, who
Hved in 1636 at Cambridge, and was Captain of the
Rowley Band in 1644, and Representative in 1646 and
1647. Johnson speaks of such a man.

Robert Sampson. The Christian name is adopted
on slight evidence.

Thomas Owen, Boston, in 1641. It appears he es-
caped from Boston prison in 1641, " where he had been
put for notorious suspicion of adultery." He was sen-
tenced " at a Quarter Court at Boston, 7th of 7th mo.
1641, for his adulterous practices, (and) was as censured
to be sent to the gallows with a rope about his neck,
and to sit upon the ladder an hour, the rope's end
thrown over the gallows, and so to return to prison."
Sarah Hale, wife of William Hale, his paramour, was
sentenced to the like, and after to be banished. Sev-
eral men and women, who were concerned in his es-
cape to Noddle's Island, especially Maverick, were
severely fined. Owen also was fined £20, and if not
paid in a week, to be severely whipped. Among other
things. Hale, the husband, was admonished to take heed
of the like concealment. Seven of the persons concern-
ed have the title or prefix of respect. This suspicion
must therefore have originated among the better sort of
people.

Ensign Francis Willoughby, Charlestown; freeman

* Coffin.

1640. He was Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1643. He was
Deputy from Charlcstown 1642, 1646 and 1649. Cho-
sen an Assistant 1650, 1651, 1664; elected Deputy
Governor 1665 to 1671, and died while holding that
office, April 4th, 1671 — leaving a wife, Margaret, who
after married Capt. Lawrence Hammond, (Ar. Co.
1666,) and she died February 2d, 1683. He left sev-
eral children, according to Farmer, and a large estate
for those times, being £4050 5 4. Willoughby favored
the Anabaptists, for Leverett is said to have succeeded
him, on account of his liberality in rehgious matters,
especially his opposition to the persecutions of the Bap-
tists, which toleration in those days rendered him un-
popular. He had the prefix of respect when admitted
freeman.

Capt. John Allen, Charlestown ; freeman June 2d,
1641 ; Representative 1668. He had the prefix of
respect.

Capt. Walter Haines, Sudbury; freeman 1640 —
in the former edition Andreiv Harris. There is no
Christian name on the old roll, and the surname will
much better read Haines, although very badly written.
The name is spelt by Farmer Haynes, which is the most
correct ; yet I have endeavored to adhere as nearly as
possible to our original roll. Walter Haynes was free-
man 1640, and Representative 1641, 1644, 1648, 1651 ;
one of the Selectmen of Sudbury ten years, and died
February 14th, 1665.

Anthony Stoddard, Esq. Boston, 1639; admitted
freeman 1640. He married, for his second wife, Bar-
bary, widow of Capt. Joseph Weld, and she dying be-
fore him, he had a third wifie, and a large family of
children. Many of his descendants have been celebrat-
ed Ministers in New England. He was Representative
from Boston in 1650, also in 1659, 1660 and 1666, and

eighteen successive years afterwards. He was a linen
draper by occupation, and allowed to become a towns-
man August 26th, 1639, and 27th of January following
100 acres of land was granted hini at Mount Wollaston.
He was admitted to the freeman's oath May 1 3th, 1640.
On 1 8th March, 1 649-50, he was chosen Recorder of
Boston. He being a Constable of Boston, 1641, was
required to take a person into custody at one of the
Courts in Boston till the afternoon, " and said withal to
the Governor — Sir, I have come to observe what you
did ; that if you should proceed with a brother otherwise
than you ought, I might deal with you in a church way.
For this insolent behavior he was committed, but being
dealt with by the elders and others, he came to see his
error, which was, that he did consider that the magis-
trate ought not to deal with a member of the church
before the church had proceeded with him. So, the
next Lord's day, in the open assembly, he did freely
and very affectionately confess his error, and his con-
tempt of authority ; and being bound to appear at the
next court, he did the like there to the satisfaction of
all. Yet, for example's sake, he was fined 20 shillings,
which, though some of the magistrates would have had
it much less, or rather remitted, seeing his clear repent-
ance and satisfaction in public, left no poison or danger
in his example, nor had the Commonwealth or any per-
son sustained danger by it."

Thomas Fowle, Boston, merchant. His estate was
a house and garden on Washington street, five estates
north of Griffith Bowen's, at the north corner of Essex
street. He removed to Braintree, and had children
born in Boston and there. He figures as a man of
much notoriety in Winthrop, having, on account of his
Hberal sentiments, been a constant thorn to the civil
and ecclesiastical rulers of the colony. The first tliat I

find of him is, that he was owner of the ship attached
when Weld and Stephen Winthrop were arrested in
England, as before recited. In 1646, he, with Doct.
Childe, John Smith, David Yale, petitioned to Parlia-
ment, complaining of the distinctions in civil and church
estate here, and that they might be governed by the
laws of England ; — this petition, that they " as free born
subjects of England, were denied the liberty of subjects,
both in church and commonwealth, themselves and their
children debarred from the seals of the covenant, ex-
cept they would submit to such a way of entrance and
church covenant, as their consciences would not admit,
and take such a civil oath, as would not stand with
their oath of allegiance, or else they must be debarred
of all power and interest in civil affairs, and were sub-
jected to an arbitrary government, and extra-judicial
proceedings, &c." Fovvle and Doct. Childe do not
appear to have ever taken the freeman's oath, and this
may account for the fact. A similar petition was pre-
sented to the General Court, but the consideration
thereof, as well as a law to permit non-freemen to
vote,"* were deferred to another session. Fowlo also,
with Sedgwick and others, petitioned for the abrogation
of the laws against Anabaptists and the tax on new-
comers, which was unsuccessful.

On the eve of his departure for England, after having
been fined and imprisoned for the above petition, he was
stayed again at the Governor's warrant, (Winthrop) as
also Doct. Childe, said " to be the chief speaker" who
said " they did beneath themselves in petitioning us,"
and appealed to England. The hearing was continued
with much spirit and acrimony. " In conclusion, Fowle
and one Smith were committed to the Marshal for want
of sureties, and the rest were enjoined to attend the

* None were allowed to be freemen but church members of the orthodox sect,
and none but freemen to vote, or eligible to office.

100

Court when they should be called. So they were dis-
missed, and Mr. Fowle, &c. found sureties before
night." The trial proceeded, and in the subsequent
pages of AVinthrop we may find the long contested ar-
gument, pro and con. Childe was fined fifty pounds,
and Fowle forty pounds, '• for persisting thus obstinately
and proudly in their evil practice." They were offered
to have their fines remitted, if they would but acknowl-
edge their fault ; but they remained obstinate. Their
appeal was received, but refused acceptance, and not
permitted to be read to the court. " Surprise," says
Savage, " almost equals our indignation at this exorbi-
tant imposition ; for in this very year Fowle was asso-
ciated witli VVinthrop as one of the Selectmen of Boston.
All these petitioners, but Maverick, left the country, 1
believe."

In 1648, Fowle is spoken of (by Winlhrop) thus:
" For God had brought him very low, both in his estate
and reputation, since he joined in the first petition."*
There is no reason, as Winthrop thinks, to attribute this
to a judgment of God ; it is far more easy to account
for his becoming poor by losses at sea, heavy fines, im-
prisonment, delays, expenses, &c.

Thomas Coytmore, Charlestown ; freeman 1640;
Representative 1640 and 1641 ; died on the coast of
Wales, December 27th, 1645. Martha, his widow, mar-
ried Gov. VVinthrop. In the former edition, I supplied
the Christian name wanting on the old roll, by inserting
Isaac, from the circumstance of Isaac's having been ap-
pointed by the town of Boston " to see to the carriages
and wheels of the Great Artillery, &c." The name is
spelt Coitmore on the old roll.

Samuel Bennet, Lynn, carpenter. A pine forest, in
the northern part of the town, still retains the name of

* See Boston Records.

101

Bennet's Swamp. He resided in the western part of
Saugus, and when the towns were divided, tlic hne
passed through his land, eastward of his house, so tliat
afterwards he was called an inhabitant of Boston.* He
was indicted at the Quarterly Court at Salem, July 5th,
1645, "for saying, in a scornful manner, he neither
cared for the town, nor any order the town could make."
He was a workman in the iron works, and had to prose-
cute for his wages, which were large.

Capt. Herbert Pelham, Cambridge. He came to
New England 1639 ; was admitted freeman 1645 ; elect-
ed an Assistant 1645, when Stoughton went to England,
and continued in that ofRce five years, and probably re-
turned to England in 1649, as after that he was left out
of the Board of Assistants.

Johnson styles him " a man of courteous behaviour,
humble and heavenly minded." He was probably bred
a lawyer in England, and was one of the original cor-
poration of the Society for the propagation of the Gos-
pel among the Indians, and one of its chief founders. f
He was of the same family with the Duke of Newcastle,
and probably was Captain of the first volunteer train
band in Sudbury. " He was the first Treasurer of Har-
vard College, appointed by the government before the
charter," says Savage. " He had been of the Com-
pany in England, 1629," Hubbard, 122, and in the
common stock of the colony advanced £100. He came
over in 1639, and had his house burnt down at Cam-
bridge 1640, from which he and his family narrowly
escaped. Winthrop calls the discovery by a neighbor's
wife, who heard her hens at midnight make a noise,

*See Lewis'jS History of Lynn, 25.

tThis Society was incorporated by act of Parliament, 1649. Herbert Pelham
and Maj. Robert Thompson, Ar. Co. 1639, were two of the original sixteen Select-
men, or Directors of that institution.

102

and awaked her husband, — a special providence of God»
In his journal he has another singular providence or
judgment related immediately after, which, although in
no way applying to Pelham, is here given to show his
aversion to the Episcopalians. The Episcopalians were
as much persecuted as any class of Christians in the
early part of New England History, and in Massachu-
setts continued neglected as regards all office or influ-
ence. Randolph's letters afterwards complain of their
being neglected in the administration of affairs. They
seem to have made their way, amidst the confusion of
tongues, to the elevated standing they now hold in the
community and nation, without effort. A learned Con-
gregational divine, of modern days, and he was orthodox
and catholic, too, in spirit, once said in my hearing —
" The Church of England is the ark of safety, after
all — the bulwark of protestantism."

" About this time there fell out a thing worthy of observation.
Mr. Winthrop, the younger, one of the magistrates, having many
books in a chamber where there was corn of divers sorts, had among
them one wherein the Greek Testament, the Psalms and the Common
Prayer, were bound together. He found the Common Prayer eaten
with mice, every leaf of it, and not any of the two others touched,
nor any other of his books, though there were above a thousand."
Then he adds, " quere, of the child at Cambridge, killed by a cat."
Savage, in a note, observes : " It is apparently introduced as a point-
ing from Heaven against the service of the Episcopal Church, but
is susceptible of an harmless explanation; — the mice, not liking
psalmody, and not understanding Greek, took their food from an-
other part of the volume. Our age will believe that the book, which
alone was injured among a thousand, was fortuitously attacked by
these humble mischief makers. The succeeding paragraph, omitted
by the former editor, is nearly of equal value, whether true or not.
If the cat had been in Winthrop's library, she might have prevented
the stigma on the Common Prayer."*

*I recently discovered a volume of pamphlets, wherein the 4th of July Oration,
in Boston, by the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis, was bound, and had been served in
the same way. I attributed to the mice, in that case, a very high degree of taste ;
or that, being counoiseurs, they approved highly of the orator and matter.

103

Pclham was one of the Massachusetts Commissioners
of the United New England Colonies, in 1646. After
his return to Enirland he might have ao;ain visited this
country, if the following extract from the Boston News
Letter, printed August 19th, 1826, be true. It says,
*' this gentleman was one of the early settlers in Cam-
bridge, prior to 1660, and a large proprietor to the first
division of the lands there, in 1665. A few acres of it
were recently called Pelhcunh Island. Subsequently he
made larger purchases of real estate, and permitted the
poorer people to cut off the original growth of timber
on 100 acres of it. He must have been considered as
holding high rank in society ; for his son Edward, who
graduated at college in 1673, was placed at the head of
his class ; and this same son inherited all his estate in
the then Colony of Massachusetts. He returned to Eng-
land before 1672, for his will was dated in January of
that year, at Ferrer's, in Brewer's Hamlet, in the county
of Essex, where he died. His will was proved at Lon-
don, in March, 1676. Some of his posterity are citizens
of the United States, at this day."

Henry Saltonstall, physician, son of Sir Richard,
graduated at Harvard College in 1642, and must of
course have been a member of the Ar. Co. before he
entered, or while a student there. He went to England,
and thence to Holland, in 1644, received the degree of
M. D. from the University at Padua, in Italy, October,
1649, and a degree at Oxford, England, June 24th,
1652.

Capt. Richard Bracket, Boston, freeman 1636. He
was dismissed from Boston Church to Braintree, 1642,
and ordained Deacon, July 21st, 1642. He was the
third Captain of the militia in Braintree, and Town
Clerk many years. He died March 3d, 1691, aged 80.

-Robert Long, Charlestown, freeman 1635.

104

John Green, Charlestown, freeman 1642, was born
in London, and came to New England 1632. He was
an elder of the church, and died April 22d, 1658. See
Alden's Collection of Epitaphs. 2 Coll. Hist. Soc. H.
179. His son Jacob, Ar. Co. 1650.

Capt. Richard Davenport, arrived at Salem with
Gov. Endicott, in September, 1628, where he resided
until 1642. He was born 1606, and was Deputy from
Salem in 1637. He was admitted freeman 1634, and
was with Underhil], Turner, and Jennison, as an En-
sign in Endicott 's expedition against the Indians, to
revenge Oldham's murder. In 1636 we find him Lieu-
tenant of the first volunteer train band, in Ipswich, un-
der Dennison, where it is probable he resided a short
time. He was a military man of distinction, in the first
settlement of the colony, and was engaged in many
enterprises* against the Indians, yet he never held any
office in the Ar. Co. higher than Sergeant, probably
because of his absence on duty.

The first settlers in and near Boston, for their de-
fence, built a fort, (afterwards called Castle William,
now Fort Independence,) with mud walls, which stood
some years. This was in July, 1634. Capt. Nicolas
Simpkins, Ar. Co. 1650, was the first Commander, and
then a Lieut. Monish (Lieut. Richard Morris) for a
short time. The mud walls having gone to decay, it
was rebuilt with pine trees and earth, under the super-
intendence of Capt. Davenport, who was appointed to
command it. When that decayed, which was within a
little time, there was a small castle built with brick
walls, which had three rooms in it — a dwelling room
below, a lodging room over it, the gun room over that,
wherein were six guns, called sacker guns, and over it

* He was wounded in the sanguinary battle with the Pequods, 1737, under
Underhill.

105

upon tlie top three lesser guns : thus it remained July
15th, 1665, when it is related of Davenport, that, weary
of severe duty, he slept in a room separated from the
powder magazine by a thin board partition, and while
asleep was killed by a flash of lightning, no material
damage being done to the building.

1640.
Lawrence LiTCFiFfELD, Scituatc, in 164S.

David Yale, Boston ; ireeman 1640. He was de-
scended from an ancient and wealthy family in Wales.
He had sons born in Boston, where he resided as late
as 1 651 . He was brother of Thomas Yale, the founder
of Yale College. He was a merchant. Savage says,
" he was probably driven from Massachusetts by the in-
tolerance of the age, for his estate here was sold by his
attorneys." This estate was where the elegant mansion
and garden of Gardiner Greene, Esq. now stands, and
extended east as far as Sudbury street. Thomas Clarke
and Thomas Lake, Boston merchants, were his attor-
neys. He is frequently mentioned by Winthrop.

Courtnev.

Capt. William Hudson, Boston; freeman 1640.
He was born 1619, says Farmer — of course was only
twenty-one years of age when freeman, and member of
Ar. Co. — the youngest man who had then joined. The
first heard of him is, that he left his wife and family and
went to England, in the winter of 1645-6, and was ap-
pointed an Ensign in Rainsburrow's regiment, in the
Parliament service ; but he, like Leverctt and Bourne,
became sick of Oliver's service, and returned home to
his family. (Leverett was his Captain.) His return
may have been expedited by the circumstance of " a
sad business which fell out this year (1645) in Boston.
One (Hudson) of the brethren of the church there, be-

106

ing in England, in the Parliament service, about two
years, had committed the care of his family and business
to another of the same church, (a young man of good es-
teem for piety and sincerity, but his wife was in England,)
who in time grew over familiar with his master's wife,
(a young woman — no member of the church." Being
caught in her chamber, under suspicious circumstances,
they were both tried for their lives. The jury acquitted
of adultery, then punishable with death, but convicted
of adulterous behavior. This was sorely against the
will and wishes of the church and state, both elders and
magistrates. But the legal or technical distinction, that
it required two witnesses to convict, probably acquitted.
They were sentenced to sit on the gallows, vi^ith a rope
round their necks, an hour, and then to be whipped,
and pay £20 fine, each. " The husband (although he
condemned his wife's immodest behavior, yet) was so
confident of her innocency in point of adultery, as he
would have paid £20 rather than she should have been
whipped ; but their estate being but mean, she chose
rather to submit to the rest of her punishment, than that
her husband should suffer so much for her folly. So he
received her again, and they lived lovingly together."

Hudson may be the person called Hodson in the list
of those intending to come over with Winthrop. Snow,
in his History of Boston, says: " The wardrobe of Mrs.
Hudson exhibited as many articles of finery as usually
deck a modern toilet."

He was appointed afterward a commissioner to King
Phihp, at Taunton, in 1670, in company with Wilham
Davis and Thomas Brattle. He was elected Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1653, 1656, and 1660, and Captain 1661.
Administration on his estate was granted September 9th,
1681, to Col. S. Shrimpton. There is a very ancient
grave-stone of " Capt. William Hutson," to be found in

107

the Chapel burial-ground, whereon nothing is legible,
excepting that he died aged sixty.

Ralph Ory.

Maj. Gen. John Humfrey. Spelt erroneously Hum-
phrey in the former edition. He was chosen Deputy
Governor of the Massachusetts Company at their second
meeting in England, but did not come to New England
till 1634,* and was chosen an Assistant from 1632 to
1641, and consequently was an Assistant when the
charter was granted. He was bred a lawyer, in Eng-
land, and married the Lady Susan, daughter of the Earl
of Lincoln, and they with their six children went to re-
side on their farm at Lynn, at a place called Swamp-
scot, which was laid out by order of court in 1632. It
contained 500 acres. The bounds extended a mile from
the seaside, and run to a great white oak by the rock,
and included a spring south of the oak, and lay between
Forest river and the cliff. Lewis says the venerable
white oak is still standing, and gives a description in
poetry. He was admitted a member of the Salem
Church, January 16th, 1638. Mr. Humfrey immedi-
ately entered on the duties of an Assistant, having
been chosen before his arrival ; and soon after built a
wind-mill on Sagamore Hill.

He was one of the six of the original purchasers of
the Massachusetts, March 19th, 1627, from the Council
of Plymouth. A Royal Charter was necessary. This
passed the seals, March 4th, 1628. The annual elec-
tion of officers by charter being the last Wednesday in
Easter Term, on the 13th of May, 1628, they chose
their Governor, Deputy Governor and Assistants, among
whom was Mr. Humfrey, being the fifth named. En-

* It seems he contemplated coming in the fleet with VV'inthrop, for his name is
second in the second column of emigrants intending to come over, as appears in
the Addenda to Savage's edition.

108

dicott was immediately dispatched, who was appointed
tiieir Governor in the plantation, and arrived the same
year at Salem. His instructions are dated London,
May oOth, 1628, and Humfrey's name, among others,
is signed thereto. In 1641, the General Court made
him a grant of £250, probably in consequence of his
having had his house, barn, corn, hay, &c. burnt, 1640,
by the carelessness of one of his servants, and blowing
up of gunpowder. The servant was severely punished,
being doomed to servo his master, without wages, 21
years. VVinthrop seems to attribute this disaster to a
remarkable providence, because Humfrey was inclined
to go to Providence Isle for the Lords of Trade. He
was extremely unfortunate in his family after he went
back to England.

"2d of 4th mo. 1641. At this General Court, or
Court of Elections, it was ordered that John Humfrey,
Esq. be Sergeant-major General." He was therefore
the first person who held that office ; and none other is
mentioned until the organization of the Militia, in 1644,
when the venerable and much honored Thomas Dudley
was chosen to that office by the Legislature. He was
appointed, with Capt. Nathaniel Turner, in 1636, to
lay out the bounds of Ipswich. His eldest son, John,
joined the Ar. Co. 1641. He was not a church mem-
ber, and is the only exception of any person made a
freeman or holding office who was not.

Lewis, in his History of Lynn, has drawn the outlines
of his character so well, that, with small abridgement,
it is here inserted :

" Mr. Humfrey was a native of Dorchester, in Dorsetshire, Eng-
land, a lawyer, and man of considerable wealth and good reputation.
He was one of the most influential in promoting the settlement of the
colony, and the people of I\Iassachusett5 will ever regard him as one
of their earliest and most efficient benefactors. He was one of the
original patentees of the colony, and the Treasurer of the Companj

109

at Plymouth, in England; and l)y his exertions many donations were
obtained, and many per.soiis, among whom were some of the minis-
ters, were induced to emigrate. Such was the respect in which he
was held, that when the formulary for the constituting of free-
men was in debate, an exception was made in favor of 'the old
planters,' and ' Mr. Ilumfrcy.' In discharging the duties of an As-
sistant in the General Goverimient, he devoted his time and energies
for seven years to the service of the State, and seems not to have
been surpassed in devotedness to her welfare. But with all his
honors and possessions, a shade of dissatisfaction had spread itself
over his prospects, which his numerous misfortunes contributed to
darken. The disappointment of the Bahamas must have been se-
verely felt, by a mind so ambitious of honor as his appears to have
been ; and it is not improbable that he experienced a secret chagrin
at seeing the young and uninformed Henry Vane promoted to the
office of Governor, above one whose years, knowledge, and services,
entitled him to precedence. It is probable, likewise, that his affec-
tion for his wife, whose hopes were in the land of her nativity, had
some influence in determining his conduct. Living so far removed
from the elegant circles in which she had delighted, and having lost
the sister (the Lady Arabella) who might have been the companion
of her solitude, the Lady Susan was weary of the privations of the
wilderness, the howling of wild beasts, and the uncouth manners of
the savages, and had become lonely, disconsolate, and homesick. She
had been the delight of her father's house, and glittered in all the
pride of youth and beauty, in the court of the first monarch in
Europe, was now solitary and sad, separated by a wide ocean from
her father's home. Tiie future greatness of America, which was
then uncertain and ideal, presented no inducement to her mind to
counterbalance the losses which were first to be endured; and the
cold and barren wilderness of Saugus, populated by its few lonely
cottages, round which the Indians were roaming by day, and the
wolves making their nightly excursions, had nothing lovely to offer
to soothe her sorrows or elevate her hopes. What the misfortunes
and disappointments of Mrs. Humfrey had begun, her importunities
completed. He sold the principal part of his farm to Lady Moody,
and returned to England with his wife, on the 26th October, 1641.
They were much censured for leaving their children, but their inten-
tion of visiting the Bahamas, and the approaching inclemency of the
season, rendered it imprudent to take them, and they undoubtedly
intended to return or send for them. That Mr. Humfrey possessed
deep sympathies, his letters sufficiently evince ; and it would be ex-
tremely uncharitable to suppose that the Lady Susan was without

the endowments of maternal love. A woman of high feelings and
keen sensibilities — the daughter of an English Earl — and, according
to Mr. Mather's own account, of ' the best family of any nobleman
then in England,' — it cannot be supposed that she was destitute of
those affections which form the characteristic charm of her sex. The
emotions of the heart are not always regulated by rule, and disap-
pointment sometimes makes sad havoc with the best feelings of our
nature. They embarked from King's Beach, near Black Will's Cliff.
The misfortunes which afterward befell some of the children, inflict-
ed a wound on the heart of the affectionate father from which he
never recovered."

Gen. Humfrey died in 1661. Gov. Winthrop well
knew his worth. Speaking of his discontent, and in-
tention of removal at the close of 1639 — " among
whom the chief was John Humfrey, Esq., a gentleman
of special parts of learning and activity, and a godly
man, who had been one of the first beginners in pro-
moting of this plantation, and had labored very much
therein. He being brought low in his estate, and hav-
ing many children, and being known to the Lords of
Providence, and offering himself to their service, was
accepted to be the next Governor." He never bore
any office in the Ar. Co. There is a biographical sketch
of him in the Boston Commercial Gazette, printed Au-
gust 31st, 1826.

Capt. James Oliver, Boston; freeman October 12th,
1640. He was son of the worthy Elder Thomas Oliver.
He was chosen Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1651, Lieutenant
1653, and Captain in 1656, and a second time in 1666.
He was a Selectman of Boston in 1653, by the title of
Cornet, and may have been an officer in Capt. William
Davis's troop of horse.

In 1675, many Indians, "who had subjected them-
selves to the English, were hurried down to Deer Island,
where they remained during the winter," and suffered
severely. " On the 10th of September, at nine o'clock

Ill

at night, (such was the alarm of the people,) there
gathered together ahout forty men, some of note, and
came to the house of Capt. James Ohver ; two or three
of them went into his entry to desire to speak with him,
which was to desire him to be their leader, and they
should join together, and go and break open the prison,
and take one Indian out thence and hang him. Capt.
Oliver, hearing their request, took his cane and cudgel-
ed them stoutly, and so for that time dismissed the
company, which had he in the least countenanced,
it might have been accompanied with ill events in the
end." He was a member of the Old South Church.

Ma.t. Samuel Shepherd, Cambridge — spelt by Far-
mer Shepard — freeman 1636. He was brother of the
Rev. Thomas Shepard, and arrived in New England
October 2d, 1635. He was Representative from Cam-
bridge, 1639, 1640, 1644 and 1645. He returned to
England, and in 1658 was a Major, living in Ireland.
Probably he was an officer in Oliver's service.

John Friend, Salem ; carpenter. He was admitted
a townsman in Boston, 30th March, 1640. His family,
in 1637, consisted of eleven persons. He died 1655-6.
Winthrop, in one of his letters, 1636, mentions a John
Friend ; whence I should conclude he was then in
England.

Wentworth Day.

Henry Looker, Sudbury ; freeman 1643. This name
on the old roll reads (blank) Liicar. Farmer thinks it
should be spelt Lukar, but from him I am disposed to
think the person meant was Henry Looker. This name
may have been also altered, and Loker, of the present
day, may mean the same.

Francis Lyall, Boston in 1638 ; barber. He kept
opposite where the Old South now stands, and without

112

doubt is the Francis Lisle spoken of by Snow, 118, and
also the person who went with Rainsburrow, Stoughton,
Bourne, Leverett and Hudson to England, and served
in the Parliament's army. Winthrop speaks of him by
the name of Lioll, as " surgeon of the Earl of Man-
chester's Life-guard," and says that they all returned
" save the surgeon," Snow, in a note, seems to con-
jecture that " he was the Barber-chiriirgeon, who lost
his life in a snow-storm, while on his way to Roxbury,
to draw a tooth ;" but the supposition is erroneous.

Francis Cosen. Farmer spells it Cosin.

Thomas Lechford, Esq. The old roll has the name
Lachford, Boston, lawyer. He was the first lawyer who
emigrated to New England, and intended or hoped to
get a living by his profession. He was in Boston as
early as 1638, and came from Clement's Inn. In the
Colony Records, I. 294, " is this curiosity in legislative
and judicial economy :" At a Quarter Court, Dec. 1st,
1640, "Mr. Thomas Lechford, acknowledging he had
overshot himself, and is very sorry for it, promising to
attend his calhng, and not to meddle with controver-
sies, was dismissed." " Yet the very calling, by which
he sought to earn his daily bread, was that of an attor-
ney, and the following year, finding that his labor as a
scrivener would not maintain him, the poor lawyer (in
1641) returned to England." It seems he printed, on
his return, 1642, a pamphlet of 80 pages, called Plain
Dealing, or Nevves from New England, which hardly
seems to deserve the full malediction Gov. Hutchinson
has bestowed upon it. The work is exceedingly scarce,
one copy being in the Ebeling collection, in Harvard
College library, and another in the hands of Francis
Baylies, Esq. of Taunton. Savage, from whom I gain
all my information, says "it is remarkable, that a con-
siderable part of this valuable matter is in a beautiful

113

ancient manuscript, in the archives of our Historical
Society. From the pecuhar spelhng, sometimes more
correct than in the printed volume, and (rom the use of
short hand in several of the notes, it appears to me to
be the autograph of Lechford. His description of our
ancient forms of trial is interesting : ' Twice a year, in
the said great Quarter Courts, held before the General
Courts, are two grand juries sworn for the jurisdiction,
one for one Court and the other for the other; and they
are charged to inquire and present offences, reduced by
the Governor, wlio gives the charge, (generally,) un-
der the heads of the ten commandments. Matters of
debt, trespass, and upon the case, and equity, yea, and
of heresy also, are tried by a jury, which, although it
may seem to be indifierent, and the magistrates may
judge what is law and what is equal, and some of the
chief ministers inform what is heresy, yet the jury may
find a general verdict, if they please ; and seldom is
there any special veidict found by them, with deliberate
arguments made thereupon, which breeds many incon-
veniences. The parties be warned to challenge any
juryman, but because there is but one jury in court for
trial of causes, and all parties not present at their swear-
ing, the liberty of the challenge is much hindered, and
some inconveniences do happen thereby. Juries are
returned by the Marshal ; he was at first called the
Beadle of the Society. Seldom is there any matter of
record, saving the verdict, many times at random taken
and entered, which is also called the judgment. The
parties in all cases speak themselves, for the most part;
and some of the magistrates, where they think cause
requireth, do the part of advocates, without fee or
reward.' "

Hutchinson calls him " a discontented attorney,^' and
says "he left England about the year 1637, being dis-
satisfied with the ecclesiastical government, and having

114

made himself obnoxious by his opposition to Episcopacy.
When he came to New England, he says, he found
every church member a bishop; and not inclining to
become one himself, he could not be admitted a free-
man among them. The court took the advantage of
an offence of another nature, his going to the jury and
pleading with them out of court, and debarred him from
pleading any man's cause besides his own. He became,
in England, a zealous Episcopalian.''

Boston, in the early settlement of the country, was
not very congenial to lawyers ; for as late as January,
1687, there were only two lawyers there, one of whom
had recently come from New York.

Lieut. Joseph Cooke, Cambridge, freeman 1636.
He came from Earle Colne, or its vicinity, to New
England, in October, 1635, and was Deputy 1636 to

1640, and consequently a Representative when the char-
ter was granted.

Lieut. Robert Turner, Boston, shoemaker, free-
man 1634. He had seven sons born in Boston, one of
which, Ephraim, was of the Ar. Co. 1663. Died about
1651, as is inferred from the Probate Records.

Capt. Christopher Stanley, Boston, tailor, admit-
ted freeman 1641. The name of Stanley stands on the
old roll without any christian name or title. Meeting ac-
cidentally with the name of Thomas Stanley, I adopted
it. From this, Lewis has considered it as the Thomas
of Lynn. I prefer the evidence in favor of Christopher.
He was a considerable landholder in Boston, in various
parts of the town, and died April, 1649.

John Hurd, Boston, tailor, freeman 1640. He had
children, and died September 23d, 1 690.

Capt. Thomas Marshall, Lynn, in 1635, freeman

1641, tailor. He was Representative from Lynn in

115

1659, 1660, 1663, 1664, 1667 and 1668. I find that at
the Quarterly Court, November 29th, 1659, "Thomas
Marshall, of Lynn, is allowed by this Court, to sell
' strong icater to iravillers, and alsoe other meet provis-
ions.' He acquired his title of Captain from Oliver
Cromwell, in whose wars he was a soldier, and was a
man of great frankness and hospitality." Mr. John
Dunton, in his Journal, says, " About tv/o of the clock
I reached Capt. Marshall's house, (which is half way
between Boston and Salem ;) here I staid to relresh
nature with a pint of sack and a good fovvd. Capt.
Marshall is a hearty old gentleman, formerly one of
Oliver's soldiers, upon which he very much values him-
self. He had all the history of the civil wars at his
fingers' end, and, if we may believe him, Oliver did
hardly any thing that was considerable without his as-
sistance ; and if I'd have staid as long as he'd have
talk'd, he'd have spoil'd my ramble to Salem."* He
died the 23d of December, 1689, leaving a widow and
several children. He accompanied Capt. Bridges, in
his embassy to D'Aulney in 1645, by the title of Ser-
geant.

In 1658, Lieut. Thomas Marshall was authorised by
Court "to perform the ceremony of marriage, and to
take testimony in civil causes."

There was a Thomas Marshall, of Boston, shoemaker,
who was a Representative from Boston in 1650, but I
think he was not a member.

Henry Dunster. This name appears without a
christian name on the old roll. 1 can find no trace of
any other surname than Henry ; for it is by no means
improbable that a man situated as he was, a candidate
for the ministry, one of the church militant, should be a

*Dunton was a facetious traveller, and speaks, it is said, very accurately of
men and manners iu those days. I have only met with extracts of his Journal.

116

member of the Ar. Co. One of his successors, Presi-
dent Quincy, gave a toast at one of tlie Ar. Go's anni-
versary dinners, very nearly in these words : " The
memory of our pious ancestors of New England, who,
while they professed to do all things by the spirit, never
neglected ' to bare the arm of flesh.' " A custom has
prevailed in the Company, time immemorial, for the
preacher of the day to ask the blessing at the anniver-
sary dinner, and for the President of Harvard College
to return thanks ; if the latter is absent, it devolves on
the oldest or most distinguished clergyman present.
Once I have known this done by Bishop Cheverus, the
Roman Catholic Bishop of Massachusetts; and once
by Bishop Inglis, Episcopal Bishop of Nova Scotia.

He came to New England in 1640, freeman in 1641.
He owned and resided on his estate in Boston, at the
northeast corner of Court Street, now owned by Hon.
P. C. Brooks. He probably continued an active mem-
ber but a short time, for he was inducted to the office
of first President of Harvard College, August 27th,
1640. He resigned that station October 24th, 1654.*
Hutchinson thinks he was obliged to resign his presi-
dentship on account of his having made a profession of
his belief in antipoedo baptism. He died at Scituate,
February 27th, 1659, and was buried at Cambridge.
He left a widow, but no children.

John Gutteridge, Boston, tailor, was admitted mem-
ber of the Church, 1642. He is probably the same per-
son whom Savage, from the Colony Records, calls John
Guttering, admitted freeman in 1642.

Ensign Henry Phillips, Dedham, freeman 1638.
Worthington says, " He came to Dedham from Water-
town, and was solicited to become a candidate for the
ministry ; he chose, however, to be a candidate in an-

* History of Dedham, 42. Hutchinson, also.

117

other place, but some events prevented his settlement
in any town, and he became, as our Church Records
say, a discouraged and broken-hearted Christian. Ma-
ther inserts his name among the ministers, and as a
resident of Dedham. I find no man by the name of
Phillips, who could be alluded to, excepting the Mr.
Phillips above mentioned, and who had a dispute with
the inhabitants, about the cow commons."

He was an Ensign of the militia in Dedham, and in

1657 resided in Boston. Probably he was the Repre-
sentative of Hadley, in 1672. He was probably the
pious Phillips who accompanied Humfrey to England,
in 1641, and to whose earnest prayers Winthrop seems
to assign the saving of the ship during a perilous storm.
When living in Dedham, it was in that part which sub-
sequently composed a part of VVrentham.

Lieut. Joshua Fisher, Dedham, freeman 1640, died
November 14th, 1645. He was a Lieutenant of the
Dedham militia. He built the first saw mill in Ded-
ham, 1664.

Capt. Daniel Fisher, Dedham, lawyer, brother of
the preceding, was admitted freeman 1640. He was
Captain of the militia there, and Representative from

1658 to 1682, except the years 1659 and 1670 — Speaker
of the House of Deputies, 1680 — elected an Assistant,
1683 — and died at Dedham, November, 1683, while in
that office. Administration on his estate was granted
November 29th, 1683. His inventory was £530 13 7.

" He was admitted into Dedham Church in 1639, the
record of which is in these words : ' Daniel Fisher ap-
peared to the Church a hopeful, christian young man,
and was easily and gladly received.' From that time,
he was employed in much of the business in the planta-
tion. In his time, the notable tyranny of Sir Edmund
Andros, the Governor of the Colony, had less plausible

118

pretexts, than those measures which produced the war
of separation. In its then feeble state, it was more in-
sulting to oppress, and it was more dangerous to resist.
But danger would not deter a brave man and a patriot,
like Capt. Fisher, from doing his duty."

"In February, 1681, Randolph, the agent of King
James in the colony, exhibited articles of high misde-
meanor against a faction, (so called by Randolph,) in
the General Court, to the Lords in Council. Among
these men thus selected to be the victims of royal indig-
nation, was Capt. I'isher. June 14th, 1682, Randolph
wrote to the Earl of Clarendon, that a quo warranto had
issued against the colony charter, and that a warrant
had been sent out to carry Thomas Danforth, Samuel
Nowell, Daniel Fisher, and Elisha Cook, to England,
to answer for high crimes and misdemeanors, and inti-
mates that the prosecution which his papers and evi-
dence would support, would make their faction tremble."

" Capt. Fisher was Speaker of the House at this
time, and was, we must believe, a man of great in-
fluence therein, otherwise he would not have been so
much noticed at the British court. Indeed, in such a
time, his high spirit and resolute mind would not permit
him to be a timid and waveringr man. He lived not to
witness the capture of Sir Edmund Andros, and the
other associates of his tyranny, at Fo^'t Hill, in April,
1689, and an end put to their oppressions by that event.
But it must be remembered that he contributed much
to cherish that firm spirit of resistance, which produced
that change, and which early taught what a brave and
united people might do. Many of the descendants of
this gentleman have been respectable, and have inherit-
ed his high and patriotic spirit. I relate one -anecdote,
which illustrates the character of this family, and the
spirit of the times. It was told me by the Hon. Eben-
ezer Fisher, of this town, late one of the Council, a

119

descendant of Capt. Fisher. When Sir Edmund was
captured on Fort Hill, by the Bostonians, he surrender-
ed, and went unarmed to Mr. Usher's house, where he
remained under guard for some hours. When the news
of this event reached Dedham, Capt. Daniel Fisher, the
son of the proscribed patriot, then dead — a stout, strong
man, possessing his father's hatred of the tyrant, and his
resolute spirit — instandy set out for Boston, and came
rushing in with the country people, who were in such a
ra^e and heat as made all tremble acrain. Nothincr
would satisfy the country party but binding the Gov-
ernor with cords, and carrying him to a more safe place.
Soon was Capt. Fisher seen among the crowd, leading
the pale and trembling Sir Ednmnd by the collar of his
coat from the house of Mr. Usher, back to Fort Hill.
History has informed us of this incident in that revolu-
tion, but it has never informed us who took the lead of
the country people, and who had the honor of leading
the proud representative of a Stuart Prince, the op-
pressor of the colony, through the assembled crowd, and
placing him in safe custody at the fort."

" The gentleman here noticed, was likewise much
employed in the various affairs of the town. Did any
enterprise require a hardy and skilful agent, he was the
man most likely to be selected. In 1663, he, with an-
other, went through the wilderness, in search of a tract
of good land, which a vague rumor had hinted was
about twelve miles from Hadley. He had the honor of
being sent ambassador to King Philip, to negotiate a
treaty for his lands at Wrentham." Mr. Dexter, in his
century sermon, says " he was learned in the law." The
late amiable and distinguished Fisher Ames was de-
scended maternally from him.

120

1641.

Ensign John Manning, Boston, was Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1648. This name was spelt Man7iying, in 14th
century.

Capt. Robert Bridges, Lynn; freeman 1641. He
went to England soon after, and returned with J. Win-
throp, Jr. in 1643. We find him, immediately after,
concerned in the iron-works at Lynn, in which he had
a large share, and had his house near them. Winthrop
having inspired him in that undertaking, w^as the proba-
ble cause of his coming back again with him. He lived
to see this speculation or enterprise fail, and the property
sold to pay Savage's attachment, notwithstanding the
vast money expended and great encouragement given
by the colonial government. Suits were protracted
against this company for 20 years. Hubbard says,
" that, instead of drawing out bars of iron for the coun-
try's use, there was hammered out nothing but contention
and law-suits." Lewis says they continued in operation
on a small scale for more than an hundred years. The
heaps of scoria are nearly overgrown with grass, and
are called " cinder banks." He was Captain of the
Lynn Train-band at the organization of the militia in
1644, and must have been the successor of Capt. Daniel
Howe. He also sustained the office of Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1642, and Lieutenant 1644. Johnson says,
" he was endued with able parts, and forward to im-
prove them to the glory of God and his people's good."
In 1644, and two following years, he was Deputy
from Lynn, and in 1646 was Speaker of the House of
Representatives. In 1647 he was elected an Assistant,
in which office he continued until his death, at Lynn,
1656. His house was burnt down, 2d mo. 28th, 1648.
He was appointed by the New England Confederation
to negotiate between them and D'Aulney, and carried

121

the ratification of the treaty on their part in 1646. He
joined with the Governor and Assistants, 1649, and
signed " a protestation against the prevaihng custom of
wearing long hair, after the vianner of ruffians and bar-
barous Indians.''''*

" On Sunday, July 20th, 1651, three men of the Bap-
tist persuasion, from Rhode Island, named Clark, Cran-
dall and Holmes, went to the house of one Witter,! at
Swampscot, where Mr. Clark began to preach. On
hearing this, C'apt. Bridges, the magistrate, sent two
constables to apprehend them, as disturbers of the peace.
In the afternoon, they were taken to Mr. Whiting's
meeting, where they refused to uncover their heads.
Mr. Bridges ordered a constable to take off their hats,
when one of them attempted to speak, but was prevent-
ed. At the close of the meeting, one of them made
some remarks, after which they were taken to the An-
chor tavern, and guarded through the night. In the
morning they v, ere sent to Boston, and imprisoned."

* This accounts why wigs became so prevalent in New England. No man could
have any personal dignity, or respect shown him, :-vithout wearing a huge white
wig, a three-cornered scraper, (hat) a pair of croaking shoes, with ponderous
silver or gold buckles.

t Many singular presentments of the Grand Jury arose in Lynn, about this time.
The town was indicted in 1647, " for want of a staff for the constable." Muthew
Stanley was indicted " for winning the affections of John TarbcK's daughter with-
out consent of parents," — tiiud £5, with 2s. 6d. for fee:j; and one Pinion, " for
swearing that all his pumpk:ns had turned out squashes" — fined; the Court
said: "Let no man make a jest at pumpkins." Roger Scott was indicted for
sleeping in sermon time, and at the next court was whipped. It was the custom
in Lynn, then, to have a pei;:r.n go about the meeting-house to wake the sleepers.
He bore a long wand, at one end a ball, to knock the heads of the men, and at the
other end a fox's tail, to brush the ladies' faces. Witter was indicted for saying
no man ought to stay in meeting to see a child christened. The town of Lynn
passed an order, in 1651, that no one should wear great boots, gold or silver lace
or buttons, or silk hoods, ribbons or scarfs, under penalty of ten sliiiling.s. This
puts me in mind of a story from the old records of Plymouth Colony in those days,
when King.ston, formerly a part of Plymouth, was incorporated as a town; and a
question arising about the division of town property — Plymouth had erected a gal-
lows, and whose it should be excited much debate; at last, Plymouth solemaly
voted, that nobody should be hung on their gallows but Plymouth people.

122

In 1644, Capt. Bridges, by order of the General
Court, had " the care of two great guns" belonging to
the town of Lynn. This town, and Salem, in 1645,
petitioned the General Court for liberty to form an In-
dependent Company, which was granted, and to be
called " Ye Military Company of Lynn and Salem."

Adam Otley, Lynn, in 1642 — spelled Ottley by
Lewis. He married a daughter of Maj. Gen. John
Humfrey.

Capt. Joshua Hob art, Hingham — son of Edmond
Hobart, and brother of Rev. Peter, first minister of
Hingham — freeman 1634; Representative in 1643, and
served in that office 25 years, and was elected Speaker
of the House in 1674. He died July 28th, 1682. This
name was erroneously printed Hubbard in the former
edition.

He appears to have been one of the principal ring-
leaders in the famous military quarrel in Hingham, in
1645, which disturbed the train-band, the town and
church there, and, finally, the General Court and elders,
for a long time, and finally resulted in fining all parties,*
not exempting his brother, the minister. Capt. Joshua
was fined £20, being the highest punishment imposed
on any of them. This quarrel arose about the election
of one Bozoun Allen to be the first Captain of the
-train-band there ; a more full account whereof will be
given under his name. Capt. Hobart, probably in conse-
quence of the severity of the court upon him in this busi-
ness, was not only promoted to be Captain when Allen
removed to Boston, but, on the 20th March, 1655, "by
a joint consent and general vote of the town, freed from

*This resulted very much like Knickerbocker's account of a Dutch trial in New
York, where both parties were fined, and the constable ordered to pay the costs.
The total amount of the fines, in this case, imposed on the Hingham delinquents,
being 90 in number, was £155 10.

123

paying any rates for the public charge of the town dur-
ing the time that he is chief oflicer of the town for
the exercise of the mihtary company." This famous
aflair did not prevent him or Allen, who was also a
Deputy, from sitting and acting thereon in the House
of Deputies at the time, and, we have reason to think,
in the case itself.

John Humfrey, Junior, Lynn, v/as the eldest son of
Gen. John Humfrey, Ar. Co. 1640. He probably re-
turned to England, and died there. A letter of attorney,
in 1684, was sent to a Mr. Humphrey, to appear and
answer for the province concerning Andros' troubles,
and may mean the same person.

John Severne, Boston; freeman 1637.

Thomas Barker, Weymouth; freeman 1640. The
old roll has no Christian name, but says, " Barker of
Weymouth."

Capt. William Torrey, Weymouth; freeman 1642.
In 1644, he was Lieutenant of the Train-band of that
town, under Capt. W. Perkins, and became afterward
his successor. He was Deputy from Weymouth from
1642 to 1649, excepting 1646 and 1647, and again
Representative 1679, 1680, 1681, 1682, and 1683.
Johnson says, "he was a good penman and skilled in
the Latin tongue, usually Clarke of the Deputies."
November 30th, 1683, is the following short and pithy
vote : " The Deputies consent not, but adhere to their
former bills. William Torrey, Cler." His will is dated
May 15th, 1686, proved July 2d, 1691, and his inven-
tory 360 10 6 — of which, houses, land, and meadow,
£260.

Ensign Jeremiah Howchin, Boston, tanner ; freeman
1640. There is some variety in both Christian and
surname ; thus — Jeremy is adopted by Farmer, and

124

most frequently by the Boston records and in the list of
freemen ; but I like not a nickname, unless from neces-
sity, by which people are often vulgurly known — the
true name is far preferable. The surname is also vari-
ously spelt ; thus — Honchin, by Farmer ; Howchems, in
the Colony Records ; but, after all, there was such a
man as Jeremiah Hoivchifi. He was Representative
from Bingham from 1651 to 1659, excepting 1656, and
Deputy from Salisbury in 1663. He was admitted a
member of Dorchester Church in 1639, where he may
possibly have resided a short time. But the fact is, he
set up and owned a large tannery at tiie corner of Court
and Hanover streets, where Concert Hall now is, and
there had an extensive tannery and his tan-pits. He
was a Selectman of Boston, 1653.*

Nathaniel Howard, Dorchester, freeman 1643.

Ensign (John) Endred. The name of Ensign En-
dred appears on the old roll very plain, but I gain no
information of him, and the christian name is adopted
on slight evidence.

John Collins, Boston, shoemaker, freeman 1646, a
member of the Boston Church. f

Col. Stephen Winthrop, Boston, freeman 1636,

* In the course of this history the reader will find many men Representatives of
towns other than where they resided. The second charter — that of William and
IMary, 1H92 — put an end to this custom. The various local interests of individuals
in new townships, their proximity to the seat of government, and the consequent
saving of travel and attendance, no small burden on new or small towns or states,
afterwards introduced this custom. The gentleman here named being a tanner,
peregrinated about the country for hides to tan, and no doubl made many friends
where he went; hence his honest, familiar name of Jereniy; and perhaps he had
a remarkable chin. The act abolishing the privilege of having non-resident Rep-
resentatives, passed in 1694.

1 1 suppose this should be Edward Collins, who lived in Cambridge, was Dea-
con of the first church there, and Representative from Cambridge si.^teen years,
viz. from 1654 to 1670, excepting 1661. He had a very respectable family.
I adopted the surname, John, wholly from conjecture, and finding a John Collins,
of Boston, who was a church member.

125

was the 5th son and 8th child of Gov. Winthrop, by his
3d wife, lie was Representative from Portsmouth, N.
H., 1644. He went to England with his brother-in-law,
Rainsburrow, and lived in the parish of St. Margaret,
Westminster, and commanded a regiment in Cromwell's
service, and was a member of Parliament in his time,
for Scotland. He was the Recorder of the Court in Bos-
ton, which tried Capt. Bayley's case against the Lady
La Tour, and was arrested at his suit, on his return
to England, at the same time that Capt. Weld (one of
the jury) was, and forced to find bail in £4,000, as we
have related under Capt. Weld. " He was much trusted
by the Protector. He succeeded General Harrison, who
troubled Cromwell so much with his anticipation of a
kingdom of the saints." He died early, for, May 20th,
1659, by Suft^. Prob. Rec, Judith, his wife, in England,
is styled " relict of Stephen Winthrop." He had chil-
dren born in Boston.

Col. Stephen was admitted member of the Boston
Church, March 16th, 1633; he was born probably in
1621, and must therefore have been admitted before he
was thirteen years old. The following extract from
Winthrop, vol. 1. p. 125, refers to him and his younger
brother. Dean. " Among other testimonies of the Lord's
gracious presence with his own ordinances, there was a
youth, of fourteen years of age, (being the son of one of
the magistrates,) so wrought upon by the ministry of
the word, as for divers months, he was held under such
affliction of mind, as he could not be brought to appre-
hend any comfort in God, being much humbled and
broken for his sins, (though he had been a dutiful child,
and not given up to the lusts of youth,) and especially
for his blasphemous and wicked thoughts, whereby Satan
buffetted him, so as he went mourning and languishing
daily ; yet attending to the means, and not giving over
prayer, and seeking counsel, &,c. he came at length to

126

be freed from his temptation, and to find comfort in
God's promises ; and so, being received into the con-
gregation, upon good proof ot his understanding in the
things of (lod, he went on cheeriuljy in a christian
course, falling daily to labor, as a servant, and as a
younger brother of his did, who was no whit short of him
in the knowledge of God's will, though his youth kept
him from daring to offer himself to the congref?ation.
Upon this occasion it is not impertinent (though no
credit nor regard be to be had of dreams in these days)
to report a dream, which the father of these children
had, at the same time, viz. that, coming into his cham-
ber, he found his wife (she was a very gracious woman)
in bed, and three, or four of their children lying by her,
with most sweet and smiling countenances, with crowns,
upon their heads, and blue ribbons about their sleeves.
When he awaked, he told his wife his dream, and made
this interpretation of it, that God would take of her
children, to make them fellow heirs with Christ in his
kingdom."

George Palmer, Ipswich. I find no other informa-
tion concerning him.

John Mylam, spelt on the old roll, Milam, Boston,
cooper, freeman 1636, was admitted a member of Bos-
ton Church, 1635.

Thomas Paris, Cambridge, freeman 1637, physician,
and was Surgeon to Capt. George Cooke's Company.
This name is erroneously spelt Parris, in the former
edition.

John Hardier, Braintree.

John Townsend.

(Samuel) Norden, Boston, admitted freeman 1G66.
Of this name I have doubts, there being nothing on the
old roll but Nudon.

127

John Mousall, Charlcstown, born 1596, came early
to New England and settled at Cliarlestown, and was
admitted freeman 1G34. He was Deputy in 1635.
Probably removed to Woburn; This name is spelt
Mushell, in the Colony Records.

John Westgate. He probably returned to England,
for there is a letter from such a man, dated Harlestone,
England, 5th of 2d mo. 1653, to Mr. Thomas Lake.
See Hutchinson, vol. I. 209, and Rev. Increase Mather.
From this circumstance I should judge him to be a man
of note. He hved in Boston.

John Brcos, Boston, freeman 1634; went to Ips-
wich 1635.

1642.

Adam Winthrop, Boston, freeman 1641. He was
the first son of Gov. Winthrop, by his third wife, Mar-
garet, daughter of Sir John Tindal, knight, and his sev-
enth child, and was born in England, April 7tb, 1620,
and died August 24th, 1652, aged 32. His wife was
Elizabeth Glover, and his son Adam was of the Ar. Co.
1692.

Matthew Chaffy, Boston, ship-carpenter, freeman
1637. He was admitted a member of Boston Church,
1636. His name appears on the old roll, Chafey, and
his descendants write the name Chaffee.

William Patten, Cambridge, freeman 1645, died
December 10th, 1668. This name stands on the old
roll, Pattin, without any christian name ; and Nathaniel
was undoubtedly a son of his.

Nathaniel Duncan, Jun. Dorchester, son of the
charter member.

Thomas Glover, Dorchester, was probably son of
the Assistant, John.

128

Capt. Hopestill Foster, Dorchester, freeman 1639,
Deputy 1652, and continued Representative from Dor-
chester 20 years. He was Ensign of Dorchester train
band in 1644, and afterward its Captain. His son,
John, designed the arms of the Colony of Massachu-
setts— an Indian, with a bow and arrow, &c.

Lawrence Smith, Dorchester, freeman 1643.

Lieut. Richard Way, Dorchester, freeman 1643.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1667, and its Lieutenant 1671.
Will dated Boston, January 2d, 1696. His wife, Han-
nah, was sister of Col. P. Townsend, Ar. Co. 1674;
died November, 1732, aged 92.

John Blake, Dorchester, freeman 1644. There was
a John Blake, a member of the Old South Church,
probably the same.

Thomas Rawlins, Boston, carpenter, freeman 1631 ;
died March 15th, 1660.

Capt. Richard W^oodde, Boston, freeman 1644,
brewer. His name thus appears on the old roll and list
of officers, but elsewhere I find the name spelt Woode,
Woody, Woodee, Wood, and Wooddy. He was elect-
ed Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1667, Lieutenant, 1669, and
Captain in 1677. He was alive to witness a will in
1680, and there is administration on his estate, and
inventory, May 6th, 1681, amount £1090 19, debts
£400. His house and lot of land are appraised at £570,
and 1500 acres of land at'Quinnebaug (Plainfield) at
£30. He must have been an active member 35 years
before he was elected Captain.

John Woodde, Lynn, as early as 1630, freeman
1640. He was probably a junior brother of the pre-
ceding, and may be the same mentioned in Felt's An-
nals of Salem, p. 172, as of Salem. There was a John
Woode, of Boston, who died 1669-70.

129

Michael Pepper, Roxbury.

Maj. Gen. Edward Tyng, Boston in 1639, merchant,
was admitted to the Boston Church, and to the oath of
freeman, in 1641. He was Representative from Boston,
1661 and 1662, and elected an Assistant, 1668 and
thirteen years afterwards. He died in that office, Dec.
28th, 1681, at Dunstable, whither he had removed, aged
81, and was buried in the Chapel burial-ground, Boston,
where there is now the tomb, which is (says Capt. Tyng,)
the property of the Waldo family. His will is dated
August 5th, 1677, and proved January 19th, 1681.
I presume it should read 1681-2. He speaks therein
of " old age."* He is said to have been Colonel of the
Suffolk Regiment, but no such office was known till
after his death ; he might have held a Colonel's com-
mission, under the king, however. He was chosen by
the General Court, Major General, after Leverett, but
what year, I am uncertain, or whether he ever acted
under it. He had two wives, and children by both.
He was the son of Maj. William Ting, Ar. Co. 1638.
He had a son, Edward, Ar. Co. 1668, and Jonathan,
Ar. Co. 1670. He served as a Constable, in Boston.
I suppose him to be one of the four purchasers of the
tract, on tlie Kennebec River, called the Plymouth
Company.

Richard Stewart. I can find no information re-
specting him.

Capt. Andrew Belcher, of Sudbury in 1640, Cam-
bridge 1646. He was the grandfather of Gov. Belcher.

Humphrey Bradshaw, Cambridge.

Robert Selling. As I can find no trace of him, I
am strongly led to think the name on the old roll is
mistaken for Lieut. Robert Seely, or Siely, in the Pequot

* Suff. Prob. Rec.

130

war, who was of Watertown, and freeman 1631, and
may be the Capt. Siely killed in a battle with the In-
dians, December 19th, 1675.

Abraham Adkins — spelt by Farmer, Atkins,

John Cole, Boston. Lewis thinks he was of Lynn,
there being such a person there in 1642 ; but I rather
suppose him to be a son of Samuel Cole, Ar. Co. 1637.
John Cole, of Boston, is said to have had sons, viz.
John, born 1643, and Samuel, born 1646. There was
a John Cole, a school-master, in Boston, 1684 — who
kept the first free writing-school in town — and was
much beloved and respected as such.

William Shepard — erroneously spelt Shephard in
the first edition.

Josias Evans. Farmer spells the Christian name
Josiah, but I prefer to follow the old roll.

1643.

Capt. Hugh Pritchard, Roxbury ; freeman 1642.

His name on the old roll appears only Capt.

Pritchet. This mistake may have originated from the
mode of pronouncing it, and Barnes had to make up
that roll from the best information, in 1680, which he
could obtain. He was Deputy from Roxbury, 1643,
1644, and 1649. He appears to have been of Glouces-
ter, and a Selectman there, 1645. He was Captain of
the Roxbury Train-band in 1644, according to Johnson.
The following seems different ; for Winthrop says, 1647,
26th of — mo. : " Capt. Welde of Roxbury being dead,
the young men of the town agreed together to choose
one George Dennison, a young soldier come lately out
of the wars in England — v/hich the ancient and chief
men of the town understanding, they came together at
.the time appointed, and chose one Mr. Prichard, a godly

131

man, and one of die chief of" die town, passing by dieir
Lieutenant, fearing lest the young Dennison would have
carried it from him ; Vvdiereupon much discontent and
murmuring arose in the town. The young men were
over strongly bent to have their will, although their
election was void in law, (George Dennison not being
then a freeman,) and the ancient men over voted them
above twenty, and the Lieutenant was discontented be-
cause he was neglected, &c. The cause coming to the
court, and all parties being heard, Mr. Prichard w^as
allowed, and the young men were pacified, and the
Lieutenant." Pritchard was sent, in 1643, with Hum-
phrey Atherton, on an embassy to the Narragansett and
JN'iantick Indians.

Thomas Bell, Roxbury ; freeman 1636.

John Scarborough, Roxbury; freeman 1640. He
was killed by the discharge of a gun, June 9th, 1645.

Capt. Peter Oliver, Boston, merchant ; freeman
1640. He was son of Elder Thomas Oliver, and broth-
er of Capt. James, Ar. Co. 1640, and was an eminent
merchant. His will, which is a curious one, speaks of
several sons, and none of age — is dated April 8th,
1670, and approved May 5th, 1670. Maj. Savage was
a witness to it. He was one of the founders of the Old
South Church in Boston, May 1669. He is erroneously
stated as having been L. L. D. in the former edition.
He was chosen Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1658, and its
Captain in 1669, and therefore died while in command.
His grandson, Capt. Nathaniel Oliver, was of the Ar.
Co. 1717. He was a Selectman of Boston 1 653, by the
title of Cornet ; he also may have been an officer in
Capt. VV. Davis's troop of horse.

John Button, Boston ; freeman 1634. He" was one
of the persons disarmed by order of court, 1637. His

132

house and land were near the present Chelsea ferry-
ways.

Richard Barthelemey, Salem ; admitted to the
church July 31st, 1640 ; freeman 1641, and died 1646.

Capt. Francis Norton, Charlestown ; freeman 1642.
" After the death of Capt. Mason, his widow and execu-
trix sent over Francis Norton as her general attorney,
to whom she committed the whole management of the
estate. But the expenses so far exceeded the income,
and the servants grew so impatient for their arrears,
that she was obliged to relinquish the care of the plan-
tation, and tell the servants that they must shift for them-
selves ; upon which they shared the goods and cattle.
Norton drove above an hundred oxen to Boston, and
there sold them for £25 sterling per head, which, it is
said, was the current price of the best cattle in New
England at the time. Norton did not return to New
Hampshire, but took up his residence in Charlestown."
He was of Pascataqua in 1631. About the year 1641,
he removed to Charlestown. In 1644, he was Lieuten-
ant of the Charlestown Train-band, and was promoted
Captain thereof, as successor to General Sedgwick.
He represented Charlestown in 1647, 16.50, 16,52 to
1661, excepting 1656 and 1657. He was elected En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1647 ; Lieutenant 1650, and Cap-
tain twice, 1652 and 1655. He was, says Johnson, " a
man of a bold and cheerful spirit, well disciplined and
an able man — also one of a cheerful spirit, and full of
love to the truth." He died July 27th, 1667.

John Hill, Dorchester, blacksmith ; freeman 1642.

Capt. John Webb, Chelmsford ; freeman 1636. He
removed and settled at Chelmsford, which he represent-
ed in 1663, 1664 and 1665 ; was a Captain, and a man
of wealth ; he died October 16th, 1668. His name ap-

133

pears in the records, John Webb, aUas Evered. He
sold his scat in Chelmsford to Edward Colburn.

Lieut. Robert Wright, Boston, and had children
born there.

Richard Cutter, Cambridge; freeman 1641.

Lieut. Joshua Hewes, Roxbury ; freeman 1634;
Deputy from Roxbury 1641. This name is spelt Hughes
in the former edition ; it is scarcely legible on the old
roll. He was elected Ensisfn of the Ar. Co. 1654. He
was one of the undertakers in the famous iron-works,
before mentioned. I suppose him to be the Lieutenant
of the Roxbury Train-band, who was superseded by
Capt. Pritchard, and finally acquiesced.

Henry Mads ley, Braintree — sometimes spelt Mods-
ley, Maudsley, and Moseley.

William Robinson, Dorchester ; freeman May 18th,
1642.

William Aspinwall, Boston; freeman April 3d,
1632, and has the prefix of respect. He probably came
over in the fleet with Winthrop, for he was on a jury
Sept. 28th, 1630. He was elected a Deputy from Bos-
ton, September General Court, 1637, and was immedi-
ately rejected by the Court for his having signed the-
famous petition about Wheelwright, This petition he
drew up, and his name was included among those per-
sons disarmed. He was banished for his famalistical
opinions, and went to Rhode Island, and was the first
Secretary of that Colony. In 1642, mo. 1st, 27th, Win-
throp says : " Mr. Wilham Aspinwall, who had been
banished, as is before declared, for joining with Mr.
Wheelwright, being licensed by the General Court to
come and tender his submission, &c, was this day re-
conciled to the Church of Boston. He made a very
free and full acknowledgment of his error and seduce-

134

ment, and that with much detestation of his sin. Tlie
hke he did after, before the magistrates, who were ap-
pointed by the court to take his submission, and upon
their certificate thereof at the next General Court, his
sentence of banishment was released."

He was chosen one of the first Deacons of the first
Church in Boston, at the time of its organization, Au-
gust 27th, 16.30. After his return he was a notary pub-
lic in Boston. His dwellin^^ house and estate was situ-
ated on the main (Washington) street, three doors above
the barber's shop opposite the Old South, and extended
from the main, or High street, to the common ; and we
find the name of Bomsted near him. In 1644, it ap-
pears he went on a voyage of discovery to Delaware
river, and their pinnace was fired upon by the Swedish
fort. Of this he made great complaint to the Dutch
Governor, and particularly that they were forced " to
weigh anchor on the Lord's day." He is said to have
removed to Watertown, and his name frequently spoken
of as belonging to Dedham. He had several children
born in Boston. He finally went back to England,
probably before 1653, and died there.

It has been ascertained by Savage that he published
several works in England, among which, says he, " I
have seen a very curious tract, entitled ' A brief De-
scription of the Fifth Monarchy or Kingdom that is
shortly to come into the World ; the Monarch, Subjects,
Officers and Laws thereof, and the surpassing Glory,
Amplitude, Unity and Peace of that Kingdom, &.C.'
And in the conclusion there is ' added a Prognostic of
the time when the Fifth Kingdom shall begin, by Wil-
liam Aspenwall, N. E.' Its title-page is garnished with
several texts of Scripture, distorted in the usual style of
that day. ' London ; printed by M. Simmons, and are
to be sold by Livewell Chapman, at the Crown in
Pope's-head- Alley, 1653.' It contains fourteen pages.

135

After showing ' that there is such a thing to be expect-
ed in the world as a fifth monarchy,' from Daniel's
vision, fulfilled in part by the execution of Charles I, he
anticipates a farther progress from the destruction of all
other kings ; ' and then, these four monarchies being
destroyed, the fifth kingdom or monarchy follows imme-
mediately.' Proceeding through his inquiries of the
' Sovereign, (Jesus Christ,) subjects, oflScers, and laws
of that kingdom,' his fanatical vaticination favors us
with ' some hint of the time when the kingdom shall
begin,' which he had wit enough to delay so long, that
the event might not probably injure the credit of the
living soothsayer. ' Know therefore, that the uttermost
durance of Antichrist's dominion will be in the year
1673, as I have proved from Scripture in a brief chron-
ology, ready to be put forth.' Cromwell, whose power
was just then preparing to be established, knew well the
dangerous tendency of such jargon, unless when used
by himself; but though he applied the civil arm to many
other dreamers of King Jesus, I believe he left the New
England seer to the safety of oblivion or contempt. A
more useful work, with a well written preface by him,
was two years after printed in London, by the same
printer, for the same Chapman, with the ludicrous prac-
nomen — ' An»Abstract of Laws and Government,' &,c,
collected and digested by John Cotton, of Boston, in
N. E., in his lifetime presented to our General Court,
' and now published after his death by William Aspen-
wall.' This evidence of his talents is preserved in I.
Hist. Coll. V. 187. The respectable family bearing this
name in our times, is not descended from him, but Peter
Aspinwall, from Lancashire, in England." 1 find the
following short writ, in 1650, described by Hutchinson,
in this form, by which it appears he was brief in judicial
proceedings, if he was prolix in the religious nonsense
of the day — viz :

136

"To the Marshal or his Deputy:

"You are required to attach the goods or lands of William Ste-
vens, to the value of ^100, so as to bind the same to be responsible
at the next Court at Boston, 29th of the 5th month, to answer the
complaint of Mr. James Astvvood, in an action of debt to the value
of =£50, upon a bill of exchange ; and so make a true return hereof
under your hand. Dated 39th 2d month, 1650.

" per curiam,

" William Aspinwall."

This brevity is exceeded only by the warrant of an
Indian magistrate, in the early settlement of the country,
viz:

" I, Hihondi,
You, Peter Waterman,
Jeremy Thwackit,
V Quick you take him,

\ Fast you hold him,

Straight you bring him.
Before me. Hihondi."

Francis Chickering, Dedham ; freeman 1640. He
was Representative of that town in 1644 and 1653. He
was chosen one of the first Deacons of the first Church
there, 1650, and he delayed some time to accept his
appointment, on account of his affection and relation to
Mr. Phillips, in England. He was the ancestor of the
Chickerings of that town, and those removed thence.
He was the largest landholder in town, in his day.

John Plympton, Dedham — probably the same with
the John Plumton, admitted freeman in 1 643.

Benjamin Smith, Lynn; freeman 1641, and was
born 1612.

Edward Fletcher, Boston, cutler, was admitted
member of the Boston Church, and freeman, 1640.

John Gurnell, freeman 1643. This name appears
Gumall on the old roll, but I am inclined to believe it
is Gurnell, for no trace can be found of any Gumall.

137

Thomas Jones, Dorchester; freeman 1638; Deputy
at the March session, 1638, and consequently a member
when the charter was granted.

William Ware, Boston ; freeman 1643, admitted a
townsman of Boston January 31st, 1653, and died Feb-
ruary 11th, 1658.*

John Davis, Boston, joiner ; member of the church
1635.

James Browne, Boston; freeman 1636.

Samuel Titterton. I cannot find any trace of him.

Ensign John Barrell, Boston, cooper ; elected En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1656 ; died August 29th, 1658.

John Bernard, Cambridge ; freeman 1635.

Mathew Bridge, Cambridge.

Thomas Bridge, Cambridge, in 1648. [Omitted in
the last edition.]

Lieut. Robert Turner, Boston ; freeman 1634 ;
elected Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1661, and Lieutenant
1662.

Lieut. Richard Cooke, Boston, tailor; member of
the Church 1634; freeman 1635. He was Representa-
tive of Dover, N. H. in 1670. His will is dated 10th
mo. 18th, 1673, proved December 25th, 1673, wherein
he left a legacy to Harvard College. He was the father
of the celebrated Elisha Cooke, of Boston; and his
grandson, Elisha Cooke, jr. of no less historic fame,
who was of the Ar. Co. 1699.

Capt William Davis, Boston; freeman 1645. He
was Captain of a troop of horse, in Ninigret's war. He
was a merchant of celebrity ; by some he is represented

* I am at a loss to distinguisli what additional privilege townsman would give,
which a freeman had not. I presume this must have been the ancestor of the Rev.

Professor Ware.

138

as an apothecary,* probably because he first imported
drugs and medicine on a considerable scale. He repre-
sented Springfield in 1652; this arose from the cir-
cumstance of his having married, 1644, Margaret, the
daughter of William Pynchon, the Assistant, the founder
and leading inhabitant of that town. lie was probably
the Representative of Haverhill, 1668. He was Commis-
sioner to King Philip, at Taunton, in 1671, in company
with William Hudson and Thomas Brattle, and was join-
ed with Gen. Leverett, afterwards Governor, as a Com-
missioner, united with the Connecticut Commissioners,
to the Dutch Governor, Stuyvesant, of New York, 1653.
He accompanied the brave Capt. Thomas Lake, in his
expedition to Kennebec, 1676 — probably their joint in-
terest in that quarter was " an exciting cause" — and
with him escaped at a back door, when the Indians had
gained the fort, to the water's side, where Lake fell.
Davis was wounded, but made his escape. This was
rather a disastrous afiair. Hutchinson, in a note, says,
" Davis was afterwards of the Council for Massachu-
setts Province" — but I cannot find any corroborating
evidence. That he deserved to be there, is true.

Capt. Davis was elected Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1652,
Lieutenant in 1659 and 1663, and twice as Captain, in
1664 and 1672. His will is dated May 17th, 1676.
There is a tomb-stone in the Chapel burial-ground,
Boston, which says, Capt. William Davis, died 1675,t
2E — . The tomb-stone was repaired by his great grand-
son, Edward Davis, with Connecticut free stone, which
is very perishable, and is now almost illegible. His son,
Maj. Benjamin Davis, was of the Ar. Co. 1673. He
stands at the head of the founders and members of the
Old South Church.

*The Boston Cliurcla Records style him apothecary.

■f The discrepancy of the year may be accounted for by the architect who re-
paired ihe same, or his posterity not being accurate antiquarians.

139

1644.

Capt. John Smith, Boston, tailor ; admitted member
of the Church, 1638. He was a native of Ireland.

Lieut. John Tuttle, Ipswich in 1637; was Repre-
sentative, 1644.

Theodore Adkinson. He came from Bury, in Lan-
cashire, 1634, and settled at Boston, and died in August,
1701, aged 90. He was a felt-maker, by trade, and is
the ancestor of the distinguished family of that name,
in New Hampshire. He was one of the founders and
members of the Old South Church.

Lieut. Nathaniel Williams, Boston, laborer; free-
man 1640; member of the Church, 1644.

Capt. Henry Bridgham, of Dorchester in 1641, Bos-
ton 1644; freeman 1643. He was chosen Constable,
of Boston, 1653, and was a Captain of militia. His will
is dated 1670, proved 2d mo. 13th, 1671. Inventory
£3608 19. He had several children.

Maj. John Richards, Dorchester. He came into
the Colony in low circumstances, as Randolph says he
was a servant ; yet he became an opulent merchant in
Boston. He married Elizabeth, the widow of Adam
Winthrop, May 3d, 1654. He again married, Ann VVin-
throp, the sister of Gen. Waitstill Winthrop, as appears
by the deed of marriage covenant. This may account
for his being promiscuously styled as of Boston and
Dorchester. He was a Captain of militia, and suc-
ceeded Thomas Clark as Sergeant-major of the Suffolk
regiment, in 1683, which office he retained through
Andross's administration, until 1689. He was Treas-
urer of Harvard College, 1672 to 1685. He was Judge
of the Superior Court in 1692; Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1665; Lieutenant 1667 and 1670 — being twenty-six
years from his first becoming a member.

140

He was admitted to the second Church in Boston
(I. Mather's) 1664, and was Representative for New-
bury in 1671, '2 and '3 — for Hadley in 1675, and Bos-
ton in 1679 and 1680, and was Speaker. In 1680 he
was elected an Assistant, to 1686, when the usurpation
of Andross commenced. He was appointed one of the
first new Council under the charter of Wilham and
Mary, 1 692, and continued in that office to his death,
which happened at Boston, April 2d, 1694. He had
been employed with Dudley, as agent in England, but
remained steady to what was called the country interest.

He bequeathed his widow all her property back, and
£100 more, and also £100 plate and household stuff.
He gave also legacies, £100 to Harvard College, £100
to the town of Boston, and £100 to the second Church,
and also numerous other legacies. He left a very large
estate. His will was approved by the Probate Court,
but his widow, like most women who marry rich old
men in their decline, to grasp more to buy a new hus-
band, appealed to the Governor and Council, then the
Supreme Court of Probate, but by them the will was
ratified. May 31st, 1694. John Foster, Esq. of Boston,
Ar. Co. 1679, was one of his executors. I have never
yet heard that his name is remembered, commencement
days, by the College, nor has Boston yet named a street,
lane or alley, after him. He must have been quite aged,
allowing him to be only 21 years old when he joined the
Company. I have not been able to find any description
of his character, except what results from his official
stations and wealth.

John Read, Braintree; freeman 1640. I suppose
him to be the eminent lawyer spoken of by Hutchinson.

Hugh Williams, Boston; freeman 1642.

Lieut. Moses Paine, Braintree; freeman 1647;
Lieutenant of Militia, and Representative from that
town, in 1666 and 1668.

141

Capt. Thomas Clarke, Jr, Boston, shop-keeper —
son of Major T. Clarke, Ar. Co. 1638 — Representative
from Boston 1673, '4, 5 and '6. His son-in-law, Col.
N. B} field, was of Ar. Co. 1679. His will was proved
July 10th, 1678. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1662— Cap-
tain 1673. In the former edition the title Major is
erroneous.

Lieut. Thomas Adams, Braintree, 1642; freeman
1643 ; removed to Concord 1646 — afterward to Chelms-
ford, where he was the first Town Clerk ; Representa-
tive 1673— died July 20th, 1688, aged 76.

Robert Williams, Roxbury, husbandman; freeman
1638; came from Norwich, in England, " and is the
common ancestor of the divines, civilians, and warriors
of this name, who have honored the country of their
birth." The family estate at Roxbury belonged to his
descendants in 1826.

Thomas Roberts, freeman 1645.

Henry Farnam — probably the Henry Firnum free-
man 1645 — sometimes spelt Farnham.

Nathaniel Manwarring.

Henry Kibby, Dorchester ; freeman 1642 — on the
old roll, Kebby. Died July 10th, 1661.

Richard Russell, Charlestown ; freeman 1641.
He came from Herefordshire, England, with Maud, his
wife, 1640 ; Representative 1642, and several years, and
Speaker of the House. In 1659 he was an Assistant,
and continued in that office sixteen years, until his
death. May 14th, 1676, aged 65. He succeeded Capt.
Bridges as Treasurer of the Colony. His grave-stone,
in the old burial-ground in Charlestown, says — " Who
served his country as Treasurer more than treble ap-
prenticeship." He was therefore in public life more

142

than thirty years. He gave a legacy of £100 to Har-
vard College, but little thereof was ever realized.

Lieut. William Phillips, Charlestown, in 1640;
freeman ; afterwards removed to Boston. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1655 ; Lieutenant 1657. His will is dated
Sept. 9th, 1683.

Ensign Robert Hale, Charlestown; a founder of
the Church there in 1632, and Deacon; freeman 1634.
Ensign of the Train-band. He died July 19th, 1659.

Joshua Todd ; freeman 1639.

John Baker, Boston, 1640 — husbandman; freeman
1641 ; removed to Newbury; member of the Boston
Church.

Deane Winthrop, Esq. Boston — ninth child and
sixth son of Gov. John Winthrop — born March 16th,
1623; freeman 1665. He was concerned in the set-
tlement of Groton, which was probably named in honor
of his father, whose paternal seat was in Groton, in
Suffolk, England. He died at Pulling Point, March
16th, 1704, aged 81.

William Burcham.

George Clifford.

John Arnold, Cambridge; freeman 1635 — Arnoll
on the old roll.

Herman Adwood, freeman 1645. Farmer says —
Harman Atwood.

Robert Grossman, Taunton.

Robert Ware, husbandman ; freeman 1647 — Ded-
ham, in that part now Wrentham. Will, Feb. 25th,
1698, speaks of "hjs great age."

George Fairbank, Medfield. Administration May
31st, 1683.

143

George Berstow, Scituate.

Ensign Thomas Wells, Ipswich; freeman 1637.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1644. Died in October, 1666.

Andrew Duen, Natick.

(John) Woodbridge. On the old roll there is no
Christian name. I have strong reason to believe it was
John, brother of the first graduate at Harvard College ;
born at Stanton, in Wiltshire, in 1613; came to New
England in 1634 ; settled at Newbury as a planter, and
was Town Clerk ; but, becoming a preacher, he was
ordained at Andover, October 1645, their first minister.
He went to England in 1647 ; returned in July, 1663,
and took up his residence in Newbury ; an Assistant in
1683, and acted as a magistrate till his death, March
1 7th, 1695. Wells and Harris, of Ipswich, his neighbors,
joining just before and after, is strong corroboration
that he was the person. To a person of his surname is
to be attributed the origin o^ paper money. Hutchinson
says his name was Woodbridge, a New England man,
and calls him the projector, about 1690. Snow men-
tions a Mr. Woodbridge, school-master in Boston

in 1644.

Anthony Harris, Ipswich.

Edward Larkin, Charlestown ; freeman 1640. Had
children.

Thomas Phillips.

Isaac Walker, Boston, merchant ; freeman 1646.
Lieutenant Isaac Walker, Ar. Co. 1676, probably his
son. Member of the Old South Church.

John Butler, Boston; freeman 1635; physician;
administration Oct. 5th, 1682.

Anthony Fisher, Dedham — that part now called
Wrentham — freeman 1645; perhaps brother of Joshua

144

and Daniel, before mentioned. He died at Dorchester,
about 1670. Inventory, £339 3 2.

David Kelly, Boston ; had children.

Peter Saltonstall, youngest son of Sir Richard, of
Watertovvn. It is from this son that the Saltonstalls in
Haverhill descended — Col. Richard, Ar. Co. 1733, a
grandson of Peter.

Ralph Fogg, Salem ; freeman 1634. He died in
London, 1674.

We have thus described the characters of the distin-
guished members of the Company, during the first years
of its establishment ; by which the reader can obtain a
just conception of the views, manners and principles of
the first settlers of the Colony. Two hundred and
forty-five have been noticed, borne on the roll in eight
years under the charter, of all occupations and profes-
sions ; distinguished citizens, municipal officers, dea-
cons, and almost all church members ; widely scattered
in the Colony and adjacent parts. The popularity and
usefulness of the Artillery Company must have been
widely extended, when composed of such venerable and
efficient materials. Then, its origin was from the most
laudable motives, its increase most rapid, and conse-
quently its usefulness became extensive. Indeed, all
its first members were the most distinguished and hon-
orable men in the country. Gov. Winthrop, although
at first somewhat averse to granting the charter, be-
came its decided friend ; for Stephen, Adam and Deane,
three of his sons, as they respectively came of age, were
members.

The first regular organization of the Militia of Mas-
sachusetts having taken place during 1 644, it is proper
to give a more comprehensive view thereof; since that
fact is intimately connected with the Company, and

145

most of the officers of the vohintecr train-bands, and
the mihtia, were members of it. The knowledge they
tliere acquired, and disseminated through the mihtia at
large, rendered the institution a Nursery of Soldiers —
a name which it long deservedly retained.

The scattered situation of the voluntary train-bands,
and the necessity of union and concert induced the
General Court to organize the militia in 164i, for the
purpose of being in a ready posture for emergencies.
The emulation of the people was excited to aid the gov-
ernment by training frequently the citizens, and the lib-
era), contributions in labor and money to eftect a strong
bulwark of defence. Great exertions were made every
where, to render the militia efficient, and even boys un-
der sixteen were instructed in various exercises ; all
males were enrolled at sixteen. The soldiers were to
do duty eight days in every year, for the neglect of
which, an individual incurred a penalty of five shilhngs
per day ; none being exempted but " timorous persons,^^
— for the honor of the age, it is recorded, they were
*' few." A day's duty was a whole day of constant,
laborious exercise, — not a few hours spent in parade.

The Legislature labored to avoid high titles ; yet,
order they knew was necessary, and therefore enacted
that there should be but one general officer in the Col-
ony, with the title of Major General, or Sergeant-major
General, commonly so called ; to be annually chosen
by the Legislature, or Governor and magistrates, who
were a standing council in peace and war, and commis-
sioned under the great seal of the Colony. John Hum-
frey had been Sergeant-major General several years
before, but the office was merely nominal and honorary.
One Major General sufficed for the whole State, in all
its vicissitudes, for nearly one hundred and fifty years.

The Colony was divided into four Counties, and, to
exhibit to posterity that " they remembered from whence

146

they came, were called Suffolk, Norfolk, or Northfolk,
Essex and Middlesex." That part called Norfolk is
now principally within the limits of the State of New
Hampshire. It was further enacted, that in each of
these four Counties there should be a regiment, to be
commanded by one officer, whom they styled Sergeant-
major. The officers of the several companies were to
be chosen from the major vote of the soldiers, and were
installed into their office by the Sergeant-major. It ap-
pears by the Colony Records, that when a company had
elected officers, the election was communicated to the
General Court, and they approved or disapproved ; and
probably the ceremony of installation then took place.
It is presumed no other commissions were given, unless
such an order from the Governor and Deputy as that
described under Capt. Daniel Howe may be so consid-
ered. The ornaments or badges of the officers, were
extremely simple ; for, even at the commencement of
our Revolution, different colored ribbons were the dis-
tinguishing badges of office. Our ancestors were stu-
dious to avoid every thing which tended to excite the
vanity of the officers, both as it regards titles and deco-
rations. The Sergeant-majors were elected by the
Captains and subalterns in the respective regiments ;
but how they were installed, or whether they were com-
missioned, remains an uncertainty. This was the man-
ner in which the militia was first organized, and the
system was adhered to until the arrival of Andros, in
1686.*

The General Court, in 1644, elected as Sergeant-
Major General, the much honored Thomas Dudley,

* Hutchinson says: " Upon the division of the Colony into Regiments, Colonels
and Lieutenant Colonels were appointed to each Regiment. This lasted but a
short time; ever after they had one field officer only to every Regiment, — a Ser-
geant-major and a Major General for the whole. He was chosen by the freemen."
I presume there was no such officer in the Colony before the new charter as Col.
or Lieut. Col. in its Militia.

147

Esq, whose name is subscribed to the Company Char-
ter as Deputy Governor. He never was a member, but
many of his descendants have been. His faithfulness in
office, great zeal in the affairs of the colony, distinguish-
ed military talents, and " love of the truths of Christ,
led the people to choose him as their Major General,
although he was far stricken in years." Capt. John
Johnson, of Roxbury, was appointed Surveyor General
of Arms ; his duty was to visit the towns, and see they
kept their stock of ammunition. The bands of Nor-
folk, viz. Salisbury, Hampton and Haverhill were at
first joined with the Essex regiment, and no account is
preserved of their original organization. The follow-
ing exhibits a Koster of the other regiments as far as
can now be ascertained, viz :

Suffolk Regiment.

Edward Gibbens, Sergeant-major.

Towns.

Captains.

Lieutenants.

Ensigns.

Dorchester,

Humphrey Atherton.

Roger Clap.

Hopestil Foster.

Dedham,

Eleazer Lusher.

Roxbury,

Hugh Pritchard.

Joshua Hevves.

Weymouth,

William Perkins.

William Torrey.

John Whitman.

Braintree,

William Tyng.

Hingham,

Bozoun Allen.

Anthony Fames.

Boston,

vacant.

Thomas Savage.

Middlese

Regiment.

Robert Sedgwick

, Sergeant-major.

Cambridge,

George Cooke.

Daniel Gookin.

Watertown,

William Jennison.

Hugh Mason.

Sudbury,

Herbert Pelham.

Edmund Goodenow.

Thos. Cakebread.

Concord,

Simon Willard.

Timothy Wheeler

Woburn,

Edward Johnson.

Maiden,

Joseph Hill.

Reading,

Richard Walker.

Charlestown,

vacant.

Francis Norton.

Richard Sprague.

Essex

Regiment.

Daniel Dennison

, Sergeant-major.

Salem,

WiUiain Hathorne.*

Thomas Lathrop.

William Dixie.

Newbury,

Gerrish.

Greenleaf.

♦Those in Italics were not members.

Lynn,

Robert Bridges.

Rowley,

Bridgliam

Ipswich,

vacant.

148

Vacant by the death of Lieut. Joho
Whittingham.
Gloucester, Wenham, Aiidover, had made no election.

These regiments were by law to assemble by turns
once in each year. "Winthrop describes a great train-
ing in Boston, in 1639. "The two regiments in the
Bay were mustered at Boston, to the number of 1000
soldiers, able men, and well armed and exercised.
They were led, the one by the Governor, who was
General of all, and the other by the Deputy, whe was
Colonel, &:c. The Captains, &c., showed themselves
very skilful and ready in divers sorts of skirmishes and
other military actions, wherein they spent the whole
day." Here was collected for the first and only time
the whole body of the Massachusetts militia. Johnson,
(whom Savage thinks " is chiefly valued for his military
array of the people in their several settlements,") gives
us many interesting particulars respecting the charac-
ters of the officers of that day. Beside those already
occasionally introduced, he says of Simon Wihard " he
was a Kentish soldier;" — of Hathorne, he "was bold
and worthy — a man of undaunted courage ;" Greenleaf
" ancient and experienced." He then adds respecting
the vv hole, " also some of our chief helps, both for
church vvork, military and Commonwealth's work " A
troop of horse was raised about this time ; Capt. Wil-
liam Davis is named as its commander : "it was a fre-
quent thing for the officers to turn troopers, when their
own regiment is not in exercise, for the encouragement
of others."

1645.

Maj. Gen. Daniel Gookin, Cambridge, emigrated
with his father, in 1621, from the County of Kent to
Virginia, where, in consequence of religious persecu-

149

tions he came to New England in 1644. He was ad-
mitted a freeman May 29tli, 1644. It was unusual for
so speedy admission to freedom. The New England
Missionaries of 1642 induced his removal. The Mng-
nalia regards him as one of the " constellation" of con-
verts made by Thompson.

" Gookins was one of them : by Thompson's pains,"
" Christ and New England, a dear Gookins gains."

He was admitted to Boston Church same year, whence
he was dismissed to Cambridge September 3d, 1648;
Representative from Cambridge in 1649, and Speaker
1651 ; Assistant 1652 to 1686, and died March 19th
1687, aged 75. He left children.

He succeeded William Spencer as Lieutenant of the
Cambridge Train-band, and on Capt. George Cooke's
departure was elected Captain ; thence promoted to be
Sergeant-major of Middlesex regiment. He command-
ed the first regiment of IMiddlesex on the division in
1680, and Peter Bulkley of Concord the second, and
11th May 1681 succeeded Gov. Leverett as Sergeant-
Major General, being the last person elected to that
office under the old Charter. He never sustained any
any office in the Ar. Co. " He had been," says John-
son, " formerly a Kentish soldier, and a very forward
man to advance martial discipline, and withal the truths
of Christ ; — and was drawn hither from Virginia, by
having his affections strongly set on the truths of Christ,
and his pure ordinances."

He Was thirty-five years a magistrate, and sustained
many important offices, among which was licenser of
the printing press in Cambridge, and general superin-
tendent of the Indians. " His reputation," says Savage,
" in the present age stands justly higher than it did dur-
ing a part of his life, when his benevolent attempts to
serve and save the Indians were misinterpreted, much

150

obloquy was uttered against him, and he said on the
bench of justice, that he was afraid for his hfe in walk-
ing the streets."

He died poor, his inventory being only £323 3 11.
He was in disposition lively and active, which, united
with generosity, prompted him to noble actions. Al-
though somewhat tinctured with party spirit, both in
religion and politics, yet he was a firm, dignified repub-
lican, and prized as invaluable religious freedom. As a
magistrate he held the sword of justice with effect, to
protect the rights of his brethren ; and as a soldier, was
ever ready to wield the same sword against the enemies
of his country. Piety and morality shone conspicuous
in his character ; he had firmness in a just cause to stem
the torrent of popular invective, and convince his op-
ponents of the wisdom and integrity of his conduct.

Capt. Elias Stileman, Salem; freeman 1642. He
was admitted to the church 18th August, 1639, and re-
moved to Portsmouth, 1659, which he represented seven
years. He was Counsellor under President Cutt, 1680 ;
Secretary of New Hampshire, and served as Captain in
the militia. His residence was sometime at Great
Island, now New Castle. He died in 1 695.

Thomas Venner, Salem, wine-cooper ; was admitted
to the church 1637 ; freeman 1638, when he probably
lived in Boston. He returned to England, and became
a preacher to a sect of enthusiasts called Fifth Monarchy
men, who raised an insurrection, which was suppressed
by the civil power, when Venner, with twelve of his
followers, who declared themselves invulnerable, was
executed, in January, 1661.

Capt. Joshua Scottow, Boston, merchant ; freeman
1639. He was a Captain of mihtia ; Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1657. He was the author of two tracts, published
in Boston in 1691 and 1694. He is said to have died

151

1698. His name appears in a controversy, 1665, be-
tween the Court and the King's Commissioners, as ap-
pears by Hutchinson. He was an ancestor of the
learned antiquarian, Hon. James Savage, maternally.
He was a founder of the Old South Church.

William Wale.

Thomas Rashley, Boston ; member of Boston
Church 1640, and is called a student. He was of
Exeter, N. H. in 1646 ; minister of the first Congre-
gational Church in Gloucester, 1 640 ; probably he con-
tinued there but a short time, as the Rev. Richard Blyn-
man was settled over the same church the next year.

Capt. Isaac Johnson, Roxbury; freeman 1635;
Captain in Roxbury, and their Representative, 1671 ;
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1666, and Captain in 1667.
He was one of the six Captains slain by the Indians in
taking Narragansett Fort, Dec. 19th, 1675. A short
will of his is dated June 28th, 1675. Inventory,
£579 12 6.

John Bowles, Roxbury; freeman 1640.

William Lyon, Roxbury ; freeman 1666 ; died in
1692.

Robert Hinsdale, Medfield, (Dedham originally,)
freeman 1638 ; a founder of the church, Nov. 1638,
and removed to Deerfield.

Daniel Kiham, (Kilhen on the old roll.)

Clement Koldom, Lynn, miller; born 1622, and
died April 8th, 1675; spelt Coldom on the old roll.

Capt. Thomas Lathrop, (Lothrop,) Salem ; free-
man 1634 ; Lieutenant of the Salem Train-band, under
Hathorne, in 1644, and his successor as Captain ; Rep-
resentative 1647, 1653 and 1664, from Salem. He re-
moved to Beverly, and was a founder of the church

152

there, 1667, and represented Beverly four years. He
was many years Captain, and sustained that office in
Phihp's war, when, with more than sixty of his men, he
was killed in batde, near Deerfield, Sept. 18th, 1675.
Increase Mather calls him " a godly courageous com-
mander." He left a widow, but no children.

Capt. Israel Stoughton, Dorchester — son of Lieut.
Col. Israel Stoughton.

John Hutchinson.

Henry Parker.

1646.

.John Shaw, Boston; had several children; died
July 23d, 1687.

Edmund Jackson, Boston ; freeman 1636 ; shoema-
ker, and constable. He died in 1683, having had four
wives and fifteen children.

Capt. John Capen, Dorchester ; freeman 1634; Cap-
tain of militia; Deacon 1656; Representative 1671,
1673 to 1678. He died April 4th, 1692, aged 80.

Capt. William Clarke, Ipswich, one of the first
settlers, 1633; freeman 1631. Lewis supposes he was
of Lynn.

William Blake, Dorchester ; freeman 1638. Some
think he was one of the first settlers of Springfield.
There was a William Blake of Milton, husbandman,
whose will appears Sept. 30th, 1703.

Maj. Brian Pendleton, born 1599; came early to
New England, and settled at Watertown ; freeman
1634 ; Selectman of Sudbury, where he resided ; Rep-
resentative of Watertown several years, and when the
charter was granted. He was a Captain of militia ;
removed to Portsmouth, which he represented in 1654,
'8, '60, '1, '3 ; Major of the military forces at Saco; by

153

order of the Court ; purchased a neck of land at the
mouth of Saco river, 1638; removed thither 1665 ; re-
turned to Portsmouth in 1676 ; appointed a Counsellor
under President Danforth, 1680, in which, or the next
year, he died.

John Ruggles, Roxbury ; freeman 1637 ; died about
1658. Some say this person was of Milton, and a hus-
bandman.

Capt. George Barber, Medfield ; Representative
1668, '9 and '82, in which place he was the principal
military othcer.

William Parsons, Boston, joiner; freeman 1645;
admitted to the church 1643 ; died January 29th, 1702,
aged 87.

Richard Withington, Dorchester; freeman 1640.
Wliiitington on the old rolK He was ordained Deacon
March 1st, 1669.

Edmund Bowker, Salem; died March, 1666.

Richard Harrison.

Capt. Robert Harding, Boston; freeman 1631;
(Selectman.)

Hugh Gunnison, Boston; admitted to the church
1634; freeman 1636. His estate was situated at the
head of the cove. Dock square, near Elm street. He
probably was of Kittery 1652, and Representative of
Wells 1654. He had several children born in Boston.
He was one of the persons disarmed, 1637. He was a
servant to Gov. Belhngham, say the Boston Church
Records.

Edward Preston, Boston.

Nathaniel Newgate, Boston — son of John.

Capt. Roger Clap, born in Saleoin, Devonshire,
England, of respectable parents, April 6th, 1609, and

154

embarked with the Rev. Messrs. Maverick and Warham,
at Plymouth, among the first company that settled this
side of Salem. He, with his friends, were set on shore
at Nantasket (Hull) by the captain of the ship, May
30th, 1630. With difficulty they reached the mouth of
Charles river, in an open boat, where but few English
were to be found. At first they contemplated settling
near VVatertown ; but, upon receiving advice from Gov.
Winthrop, removed to Dorchester. In his memoirs,*
written by himself, Capt. Clap says : " Planting time
being over, shortly after, provisions were not to be had
for money. When I could have meal and water and
salt,f boiled together, it was so good, who could wish
better ? In our beginning, many were in great straights
for want of provisions for themselves and their little
ones. Oh I the hunger that many suffered, — and saw
no hope, in an eye of reason, to be supplied, — only by
clams, and muscles and fish. W^e quickly built boats,
and some went a fishing ; but bread was with many a
very scarce thing ;— and flesh of all kinds was scarce."

Capt. Clap was admitted freeman 1634; a founder
of the Church in Dorchester, in 1630, and continued
a member sixty years. Lieutenant of the Dorchester
Train-band in 1644 ; afterwards Captain, Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1655. He died February 2d, 1690-1,
aged 82.

In 1665, immediately after the death of Davenport,
the General Court appointed Capt. Clap to the com-
mand of Castle William, which office he held until,
foreseeing the approaching political troubles, and being
aored, he resigned, 1686. After the new charter, the
command became a sinecure, and was usually assigned
the Lieut. Governor. This fort was burnt down, March
21st, 1672-3, while he commanded, but was immedi-

* Printed by his descendants, a few years since. t Hasty-pudding.

155

ately rebuilt. It is said of him, that his soldiers were
considered and treated as of his own family, and none
were permitted to be enlisted but pious, as well as brave
men. He was Representative from Dorchester 1652,
fourteen years. So greatly was he beloved by the pious
people of Dorchester, that, in the year 1676, "when
taken sick, they kept a day of fasting* and prayer to
beg his life of God, and, when he recovered, a day of
thanksgiving."

It appears he was owner of a large landed estate in
North-Hampton, where one of his sons settled, and be-
came their Captain of Train-band, ruhng Elder, and
Representative. The respectable family of his name
there are his descendants. His grave-stone, in the
Chapel ground, is standing, on which his name is
plainly legible. He was buried with much pomp ; the
military officers, probably the Ar. Co., preceding the
corpse ; the Governor and General Court following the
relations as mourners, and the guns firing at the castle.
His descendants have been numerous in Dorchester
and vicinity. " In his natural temper he was of a
cheerful and pleasant disposition, courteous and kind
in behaviour, free and familiar in his conversation, yet
attended with proper reservedness, and he had a gravity
and presence that commanded respect."

1647.
Roger Williams, Massachusetts, in 1630. He is the
person who requested to be made freeman Oct. 19th,
1630, and probably was the early settler of Windsor,
Conn. There is no other of the name, except the fa-
mous Roger Williams of Rhode Island.

Thomas Bumstead, Boston ; freeman 1640. His
will was proved August 4th, 1677. His grave-stone, in

* As to fasting: Morton's Memorial, p. 99 and note — "Smith relates that tho
religious services, in the early settlement, were from eight to nine hours"

156

the Granary ground, says, " Thomas Bumsied, died June
22d, 1677." This name is sometimes Bomsted, in the
book of possessions. His estate was opposite the burial-
ground, a valuable portion of which has remained in the
family ever since, and was lately the residence of Maj.
Thos. Bumstead, Ar. Co. 1764. The elegant blocks of
Hamilton and Bumstead place stand on his land, also the
Masonic Temple. Winthrop says, (1644) "A private
matter or two fell out about this time, the power and
mercy of the Lord did appear in them in an extraordi-
nary manner. A child of one Bumstead, a member of
the church, fell from a gallery in the meeting-house,
and broke the arm and shoulder, and was also commit-
ted to the Lord in the prayers of the church, with
earnest desires, that the place where his people assem-
bled to his worship might not be defiled with blood, and
it pleased the Lord also that this child was soon per-
fectly recovered." One thing is very singular in this
person, viz. his second daughter was Mary, the wife of
Ambrose Dawes, and his third Mary also, the wife of
Samuel Bosworth.

John Hansett, Braintree, 1644 — Hansell on the old
roll.

Capt. John Hill, Boston, merchant; admitted to
the Boston Church 1645; freeman 1646; Captain of
militia. An original grantee of the mill-pond lands and
mill. The Mill Creek is traced to this grant, July 31st,
1643.

Abraham Busby, freeman 1650.

Giles Pierson. The same so appears on the old
roll. I think, however, it should be Giles Pay son, of
Roxbury, freeman 1 63 1 ; Deacon there, who died Feb.
28th, 1689, aged 78.

157

1648.

Thomas Richards, Esq. Boston ; freeman 1645. A
donor to Harvard College.

Samuel Oliver, Boston, brother of Capt. James and
Peter, before named ; member of the Boston Church
1642. He was drowned March 27th, 1652.

Peter Brackett, Braintree; freeman 1643; Bracket
on the old roll, probably a son of Capt. Richard Bracket,
Ar. Co. 1639, and went with his father to Braintree, of
which town he was Representative in 1644, '5, '6, 1653,
1660, 1 662. He then returned to Boston ; was, a found-
er of the Old South Church, 1669, and one of their first
Deacons. Representative of Scarborough, Me. 1673
and '4.

Samuel Carter, Charlestown ; freeman 1647.

Jacob Sheafe, Boston ; came from Canbrooke, in
Kent, Eng. He died March 22d, 1658, and his tomb-
stone stands in the Chapel ground ; that says, died in
1 QdS — the figure 3 was probably 8, originally. He was
the ancestor of the distinguished family of Sheafe, in
New Hampshire.

John Cole, Lynn, in 1641 ; died Oct. 8th, 1703.

Cornet Nicholas Davison, Charlestown, merchant.

William Stitson, Charlestown ; freeman 1633 — on
the old roll Stidson. He was Deacon there, and Rep-
resentative 1667 to 1671.

Thomas Squire, freeman 1634.

Caleb Foote — ancestor of Hon. Caleb Foote, of
Salem.

158

1649.

Capt. John Carnes, Boston. No such name is on
the old roll. In Barnes's list, as made out, no officers
appear that year, but the name of John Carnes was
inserted at some after date, if we regard the autograph
and ink ; I have seen a printed list of Captains in an
old Almanack, which has his name as Captain this year.
I also obtained some traditionary information which
corroborates the fact. There was a Capt. John Carnes,
an officer of the Navy, about this time ; and as he was
of the Parliament's Navy, and is said to have been in
Boston at the time, it seems probable that he was elect-
ed Captain of the Ar. Co. If he was, it is the first in-
stance, rarely resorted to, of a man's being elected to
any office the year of his admission. In modern times
it is more common, but seldom to any other office than
Commander, and always some very distinguished indi-
vidual.

Thomas Hawkins — probably son of Capt. Thomas,
Ar. Co. 1638 ; died young.

Stephen Paine, Braintree ; freeman 1653 — probably
brother of Lieut. Moses, Ar. Co. 1644.

1650.

Capt. Bozoun Allen, Hingham ; freeman 1641 ;
merchant ; came from Lynn, England, and settled at
Hingham, 1638. Representative 1643, eight years.
Lincoln, in his valuable History, says : " He was often
a Deputy, a military officer, and an influential citizen
of Hingham." His son, Bozoun, was of the Ar. Co.
1676.

3d mo. 14th, 1645 : " This Court fell out a troublesome business.
The town of Hingham, having one Eames their Lieutenant seven or
eight years, had lately chosen him Captain, and had presented him

159

to the Standing Council for allowance ; but, before it was accom-
plished, the greater part of the town took some light occasion of
offence against him, and chose one Allen Captain, and presented
him to the magistrates. But the magistrates, considering the injury
that would hereby accrue to Eames, (who had been their chief com-
mander so many years, and had deserved well in his place, and that
Allen had no other skill, but what he learned from Eames,) refused
to allow of Allen, but willed both sides to return home, and every
officer to keep his place, until the Court should take further order.
Upon their return home, the messengers, who came for Allen, called
a private meeting of their own party, and told them truly what an-
swer they received from the magistrates, and soon after they appoint-
ed a training-day, (without their Lieutenant's knowledge,) and beintr
assembled, the Lieutenant hearing of it, came to them, and would
have exercised them, as he was wont to do, but those of the other
party refused to follow him, except he would show them some order
for it. He told them of the magistrates' order about it ; the others
replied, that authority had advised him to go home and lay down his
place honorably. Another asked, what the magistrates had to do
with them ? Another, that it was but three or four of the magis-
trates, and if they had been all there, it had been nothing, for Mr.
Allen had brought more for them from the Deputies, than the Lieu-
tenant had from the magistrates. Another of them professeth he
will die at the sword's point, if he might not have the choice of his
own officers. Another (viz. the Clerk of the Band) stands up above
the people, and requires them to vote, whether they would bear them
out in what was past, and what was to come. This being assented
unto, and the tumult continuing, one of the officers (he who had told
them that authority had advised the Lieutenant to go home and lay
down his place) required Allen to take the Captain's place ; but he
not then accepting it, they put it to the vote, whether he should
be their Captain. The vote passing for it, he then told the Com-
pany, it was now past question, and therefore Allen accepted it,
and exercised the Company two or three days, only about a third
part of them followed the Lieutenant. He, having denied in the
open field, that authority had advised him to lay down his place, and
putting (in some sort) the lie upon those who had so reported, was
the next Lord's day called to answer it before the church, and he
standing to maintain what he had said, five witnesses were produced
to convince him. Some of them affirmed the words, the others ex-
plained their meaning to be, that one magistrate had so advised him.
He denied both. Whereupon the Pastor, one Mr. Hubbert, brother
to three of the principal in this sedition, was very forward to have

160

excommunicated the Lieutenant presently, but upon some opposi-
tion, it was put off to the next day."*

Eames thereupon complained to the Deputy Governor
and other magistrates, who sent a warrant for three of
the Hobarts, but the minister, their brother, got to Bos-
ton before them, and complained against the complain-
ants, as tale-bearers, &-c, and " taking it very disdain-
fully that his brethren had been sent for by a constable,"
used " high speeches," and " so provoking, as some of
the magistrates told him, that, if it were not for respect
to his ministry, they would commit him." Others were
afterwards sent for, and all were bound over to appear
at the next Court of Assistants. The elders were sent
for to Hingham and try to pacify matters, and Winthrop
finally was tried before his brother magistrates for mal-
administration ; but he managed so discreetly and with
so much humility, that he was acquitted honorably.
This famous riot, contempt of authority, and interfer-
ence of priestcraft, was finally subdued, and all parties,
Captain, Lieutenant, the whole Train-band, and even
the Minister, were fined ; total of persons, 95 — fines,
£1.53. Allen held the Captaincy, and the Lieutenant
paid £5 fine, and became reconciled to his supercedure.
Allen and Hubbert, both Deputies at the time, acted as
such before the General Court, in the trial of their own
case.

He removed to Boston, and there died, Sept. 14th,
1652. His will was dated at Boston, Sept. 9th, 1652,
and proved June, 1653. Inventory, £1653.

Zacheus Bosworth, Boston; freeman 1636; died
July 2oth, 1655. His house was at the south-west cor-
ner of School street. He was disarmed, 1637.

William Cotton, Boston, butcher; freeman 1647.

Winthrop, vol. II. p. 221.

161

Capt. Nicholas Simpkins, Boston. In the Addenda
of Winthrop, mo. 5th, I4th, (1636,) " Nic Smipkins
brought before the Governor and J. Winthrop for brav-
ing the Lieutenant Morris, and telhng him in pubhc that
he lied, &c. He confessed the words, but refused to
acknowledge it a fault, or to ask his pardon in the mer-
cate place. So we committed him. 16th, upon his
submission and acknowledgment that he had done ill,
we took his bond in £20 to appear at the next Court,
and left him at liberty. Besides he was ill, and we
feared he would grow distracted, &c." I suppose he
was then Ensign, or Sergeant, at the fort, under Morris,
for he became afterward the Captain thereof.

George Halsey.

Jacob Green, Charlestown ; freeman 1650 ; Repre-
sentative 1677 — son of John, Ar. Co. 1639.

1651.

Lieut. James Davis, Boston; freeman 1635; mari-
ner ; member of the church. 1 believe this person to
be the "Mr. Davies, a rich merchant," spoken of by
Hutchinson.

William Ludkin, Hingham, 1637; freeman 1638;
was drowned, near Boston, March 27th, 1652.

Strong Furnell, Boston ; freeman 1643.

Simon Tuttle, Ipswich ; died January, 1692.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1651, by John Cotton,
Boston.

1652.

Cornet William Hasey,' Boston ; Rumney Marsh,
yeoman, on whose estate there appears an administra-
tion in Suff. Prob. Rec. Farmer thinks this is William
Hersey, of Hingham, freeman 1638 ; but the name is
very plain on the old roll.

162

Thomas Edsall, Boston.

Henry Evans, Boston, husbandman; freeman 1645.
A member of the Boston Church.

Alexander Adams, Boston ; freeman 1648 ; ship-
wright ; married Mary, sister of Tristram Coffin.

Isaac Addington, Boston; freeman 1650. Father
of Isaac Addington, the Assistant. This Christian name
is Israel on the old roll — probably a mistake.

Lieut. Henry Adams, eldest son of Henry, the great
ancestor of the Adams family, was of Braintree, 1640,
but removed to Medfield, 1649, where he was Town
Clerk, and Representative in 1659, 1665, 1674 and '5;
Lieutenant of the Train-band there. Mather, in his
history of Philip's war, says he was killed at his own
door by the Indians, Feb. 21st, 1676, whose wife was
soon after accidentally killed by an Englishman. His
descendants living in Medfield relate the same tradition.
Administration in 1676. Inventory, £407 6 5.

William Paddy, Boston, merchant. Farmer says,
Plymouth and Boston. Inventory, £545. A grave-
stone was dug up from the north side of the old State
House, near the centre door, and bones found near it,
while the city were repairing the building, June 18th,
1830. The inscription is all in capital letter^, viz:
" Hear sleeps That — Blessed one o whose lief — God
help us all to five — That so when tiem shall be — That
we this world must lieve — We ever may be happy —
With blessed William Paddy." On the other side :
" Hear lyeth. — The body of Mr. William Paddy, Aged
58 years. — Departed — this hfe August — 1658."*

William Aubrey, Boston, merchant. He married a
daughter of Secretary Rawson, in 1653.

Samuel Hutchinson, Lynn in 1637.

* See a full account in Columbian Centinel, June 19th, 1830.

163

1653.

Jonathan Gilbert. This name Kilbert on the old
roll, without any Christian name. I suppose the per-
son intended is Jonathan Gilbert, mentioned under
1646, Mather's Indian Wars from 1614 to 1675, pages
61, Qo \ and also in Hutchinson I. 171.

Capt. Thomas Lake, Boston, merchant ; freeman
1641. A member of the 2cl Church, Boston. He was
eminent in his profession. He was joint owner of the
island of Arrowsick, in Maine, where he had a house
and occasionally resided, near which he was killed by
the Indians ; — see Hubbard's Indian Wars, 41, 42. It
appears he commanded an expedition against the In-
dians, cheerfully embarking therein, but was the first
victim. His bones long remained unburied, but were
afterwards discovered, and now repose on Copp's Hill,
where his grave-stone says : " An eminently faithful
servant of God, and one of a public spirit, — was pre-
viously slain by the Indians at Kenebec, August 14th,
1676, and here is interred, March 13th, following."
He left several children at Boston.

His inventory (April 14th, 1677) £2445 7 5. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1660 ; promoted Lieutenant 1661 ;
Captain 1662, — being the only instance of such regular
promotion, — and was again Captain, 1674. He was
ancestor of the late Sir Bibic Lake.

Evan Thomas, Boston, vintner; freeman 1641 ; died
August 25th, 1661.

1654.

John Severne, Boston ; freeman 1637.

Ensign Elias Maverick, Charlestown, 1643; free-
man 1633. His will speaks of his being of Winnesimett
and Boston. Inventory, Nov. 6th, 1684, £820 15 0.

164

He died at Charlestown, says his grave-stone in the old
Charlestown burial-ground, Sept. 8th, 1684, aged 80.

Peter Duncan, Dorchester, — son of the charter
member.

Lieut. William Avery, Dedhain, physician. There
is a will of VVilham Avery, SufT. Prob. Rec. 1680, book-
seller—on the back says, now of Boston, formerly of
Dedham. He died in Boston. Representative of Spring-
field 1669.

Richard Fairbanks, Boston 1637 ; freeman 1634.
He was disarmed in 1637 ; removed to Dedham.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1654, by Thomas Thacher,
Weymouth.

1655.
ThOxMas Bell, Jr, Boston — probably son of Thomas,
Ar. Co. 1643.

Ensign John Webb — probably son of John, Ar. Co.
1643.

Artillery Election Sermon, in 1655, by Peter Hobart,
Hingham.

1656.
Capt. Daniel Turell, Boston in 1646, anchorsmith ;
died Jan. 23d, 1699. His son, Daniel, Jr, was of the
Ar. Co. 1674.

Ensign William Beams ley, Boston ; freeman 1636 ;
admitted to the church 1634; died Sept. 29th, 1658.
In the Boston Church Records he is styled laborer.

Artillery Election Sermon, in 1656, by Richard Ma-
ther, Dorchester.

1657.
It does not appear that any members were admitted
during the year, and few during the years immediately

165

previous and after. It will be recollected that this was
during the Protectorate of Oliver Cromwell. The
Commonwealth in England furnished better employ-
ment for men of military talents, than the wilderness of
New England. Possessed, as the Dissenters were, of
Church and State, few inducements offered to emigra-
tion, and more returned to England than came to New
England.

Whether the Company adopted any by-laws, agree-
able to the provisions of their charter, at the time it was
incorporated, it is impossible to determine. It is pre-
sumed that Keayne, their patron and founder, was their
lawgiver and oracle, during his life ; but, he dying,
March 23d, 1656, they saw the necessity, soon after, of
establishing rules ; and, in September, 1 657, it appears
it was accordingly so done. None appear to have been
sanctioned by the Governor and Council, or General
Court, until September, 1677, and they appear to be the
only ones ever sanctioned or approved by the Govern-
ment, until recently ; and, as the Company record of
them is lost, and many years they had been overlooked
and forgotten, they are now extracted from the Colony
Records : —

" It is ordered by the Artillery Company in Boston, September
7th, 1657—

"1st. That whereas there is an agreement to order, that every
member of the Company is to pay four shillings per year for their
quarterages, into the hand of their Clerk ; — that whatsoever is due
from any of the Company, shall be paid within one month into his
hands who is the present Clerk.

" 2d. It is further ordered by the Company, that for the time to
come, every one who is a member of the Company, shall pay into
the hands of the Clerk, upon the election days, or before, his quar-
terages for the year past.

"3d. It is further ordered by the Company, that the training days
for this Company be five yearly, and they to be on the first Mondays
of April, May, June, September, and October, yearly; and that
every officer and soldier is to appear at their colours by eio-ht of the

166

clock in the morning; and if the Monday prove foul, the Friday
after is appointed.

"4th. It is further ordered by the Company, that if any shall neg-
lect to appear in arms four training days together, and not give an
account of it to the satisfaction of the Company, he shall then pay
to the Company what is due, both for fines and quarterages, and
have his name put out of the rolls, and no more to be accounted a
member of the Company.

"5th. It is further ordered by the Company, that if any be chosen
to any office in the Company, and hath not borne an higher office in
the Company before, and shall refuse to hold the office he is chosen
to, he shall pay what arrears he is behind to the Company, and have
his name put out of the Company's roll, and no longer be acknowl-
edged a member of the Company.

" 6th. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk, with-
out any further order, shall have full power to distrain for any fine,
or quarterages, due to the Company, which shall be unpaid one
month after they are due.

" 7th. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk shall,
every training day, bring the book of the Company's Orders into the
field, that it may be there, not only to call over the Company, but to
enter any who is admitted, and enter any orders which shall be made.

" 8th. It is further ordered by the Company, that the Clerk's ac-
counts yearly, shall, after the day of election, and before the next
training day in September, be audited by those who w'ere commis-
sioned officers the year past, with the Captain and Clerk new chosen,
that accounts may be delivered into the new Clerk's hands.

"9th. It is further ordered by the Company, that whereas no town
training is to be upon Artillery days, yet the Commander of the Ar-
tillery may have liberty to request so much favor of any Captain,
and he not be a transgressor of the order, to grant it to meet with
his Company upon such days with the Artillery, for the better help-
ing forward of discipline in the Company.

" 10th. It is further ordered by the Company, that a perfect list
shall be taken of members of the Company, and being perfected,
shall be called over every training day. It is also desired by the Com-
pany, that these several orders may be presented by Major Atherton
to the Council for their approbation of them, that so they may carry
more authority with them."

" April 5th, 1675. It was then voted by the Artillery Company,
that the orders of the Company be presented by Thomas Clark, Esq,
to the General Court, or Council, for their confirmation.

John Morse, Clerk."

167

" The Court, having perused the above written orders of the Artil-
lery Company, do allow and approve thereof. Attest :

Edward Rawson, Secretary."

The foregoing rules may be considered as the found-
ation of many customs, which have been transmitted
even to the present day, and have been adhered to by
the Company, without a knowledge of their origin.
They had slumbered among the old records of the Col-
ony, until accidentally discovered by the compiler.

Artillery Election Sermon, for 1657, by Henry Flint,
Braintree.

1638.

Hudson Leverett, Boston, son of Gov. Leverett,
was born 1640.

Lieut. Nathaniel Reynolds, freeman 1665 — spelt
Reinolh in the old roll.

Thomas Joy, Boston, carpenter ; freeman 1665 ; re-
moved to Hingham, and died in 1677 or '8. Winthrop,
while speaking of Doct. Child's arrest, 1646, says :
" There was also one Thomas Joy, a young fellow, a
carpenter, whom they had employed to get hands to the
petition ; he began to be very busy, and would know
of the Marshal, when he went to search Dand's study,
if his warrant were in the King's name, &c. He was
laid hold on, and kept in irons about four or five days,
and then he humbled himself, confessed what he knew,
and blamed himself for meddling in matters belonging
not to him, and blessed God for these irons upon his
legs, hoping they should do him good while he lived.
So he was let out upon reasonable bail." He built and
owned the Hingham mills. To his will he made his
mark. His son Samuel was of the Ar. Co. 1665. He
had an estate near Hancock's wharf. In 1659, the
Town-house is mentioned in the records of Boston :

168

" Thomas Joy was the carpenter who built the Town-
house, and a final settlement was made, January, 1G61,
when he received £680, whereby all contracts with him
were performed. This was double the amount of Capt.
Keayne's calculation." This Town-house was where
the old State House now stands, in State street.

Richard Baker, Dorchester; freeman 1642; mem-
ber of the church 1639.

Henry Mes singer, Boston ; freeman 1665 ; joiner ;
administration on his estate May 5th, 1681. Simeon
Messenger, Ar. Co. 1675, was probably his son.

Joseph Belknap, Boston; freeman 1669. He had
seven sons — Joseph, Jr, Ar. Co. 1692, when he must
have been hving. A member and founder of the Old
South Church.

Richard Price, Boston; freeman 1665.

Capt. Richard Gridley, Boston; freeman 1634;
Captain of militia. We suppose his house was near
Purchase street, Gridley lane being in that vicinity.
He had several sons, some with singular names, such as
Behef, and Tremble. He was a subscriber for the en-
couragement of the first free school in Boston, August
12th, 1636.

Joseph Rock, Boston ; freeman 1652 ; Constable of
Boston 1653, and has the prefix of respect. A member
and founder of the Old South Church.

Capt. John Sunderland, Boston ; had sons born
there in 1640 and 1646.

William Dinsdale, Boston ; freeman 1657.

James Maverick, Boston.

Capt. John Allen, Charlestown.

Simon Lynde, Boston, merchant ; had nine sons and
two daughters.

169

Richard Woodcock, Boston ; died Nov. 12th, 1662.

Artillery Election Sermon, for 1658, by John Mayo,
Boston.

1659.

Lieut. Hugh Drury, Boston in 1646.

Col. Richard Waldron — on the old roll, Major
W alder. I have no reason to doubt of its intending the
distinguished Major Richard Waldron, from Somerset-
shire, England, 1635, who settled at Dover, which he
represented at Boston 22 years, from 1654; he was
Speaker of the House several years ; Captain, and
afterwards Major ; one of the first Counsellors of the
province of New Hampshire, 1680, and President 1681,
on the death of John Cutt. He was killed by the In-
dians, June 27th, 1689, in their attack on Dover, when
he was 80 years old. He had numerous children.

"The Waldron family," says Farmer, quoting an
ancient manuscript letter, " is supposed to be descend-
ed from an ancient family in Devonshire, the seat of
which was granted by the Crown of England to Richard
Walderand, in 1130 ; and to prove the identity of the
names, the writer cites Skinner's ^tymologicon Lin-
gu£e Anglicana3, as follows : Walarand, olim Prsenomen,
nunc cognomen, ab Anglo-Sax. JValpian, volvere, et
Rand, et Scutum, volvere Scutum, i. e. Clypeum, hue
illuc circumagit. Waldron autem cognomen contrac-
tum est, a Walarand."

Artillery Election Sermon, for 1659, by John Norton,
Boston.

1660.

Maj. Gen Daniel Dennison, son of Wilham, of
Roxbury, disarmed 1637, and who died an old man in
1653-4 — probably brother of the William who had the
contest with Capt. Pritchard for the Captaincy of Rox-

170

bury. Gen. Dennison was born in England, 1613;
was of Cambridge 1633; freeman 1634, when he re-
moved to Ipswich, where he afterwards hved and died.
He was therefore very young when first a Deputy from
Ipswich, 1635, and was continued a Deputy eight years ;
Speaker in 1649 and '51. He was Assistant 1653, and
twenty-nine years, and died in that station, Sept. 20th,
1682, aged 70.

He was Captain of the first volunteer Train-band of
Ipswich, 1636 ; in 1644, became the first Sergeant-
major of Essex Regiment; Sergeant Major General,
1653, as successor to Sedgwick. He was elected also
to that office in subsequent years. He married Pa-
tience, a daughter of Gov. T. Dudley. He was Cap-
tain of the Ar. Co. 1660, the first authentic instance of
electing a person Commander the year of his admission.
He is fondly commemorated by Hubbard, the historian,
under whose spiritual guidance he lived, and who
preached his funeral sermon.

In 1646, he was sent, with Dudley and Hathorne,
to treat with D'Aulney; and, in 1651, he was a Com-
missioner in the arduous duty of bringing the people
of Maine under subjection to the Massachusetts. He
was several years one of the Commissioners of the
Massachusetts at the Congress of the Confederated
New England Colonies. His judgment was much
relied upon in the difficulties between New Haven and
the Dutch. His name is also found in the troubles con-
cerning the Quakers, 1657. He is spoken of by high
authority, as one of the few " popular and well princi-
pled men in the magistracy." Savage says : " The
moderate spirit, by which he was usually actuated, had
not a general spread, yet the continuance of his election
to the same rank for many years, where his sympathy
was not, in relation to the controversy with the Crown,
in unison with that of the people, is evidence of the

171

strong hold his virtues and pubhc labors had acquired."
The " Irenicon, or Sake for New England'' s Sore,^^ of
which he was the author, displays his accomphshments
as a scholar. Johnson observes, he was " a godly faith-
ful man, which is the fountain of true validity ; — a good
soldier, of a quick capacity, not inferior to any of the
chief officers ; — his own Company are well instructed
in feats of warlike activity."

Capt. John Hull, Boston; freeman 1649; son of
Capt. John, Ar. Co. 1638. " He was," says Mather,
" the son of a poor woman, but dutiful to and tender of
his mother, which Mr. Wilson, his minister, observing,
pronounced that God would bless him, and although he
was then poor, yet he should raise a large estate." No
other colony attempted to coin money but Massachu-
setts, and in 1652 the first money was struck, and for
thirty years contained the same date. There was no
other impression than N. E. on one side, and XII. VI.
or III. on the other, viz : silver coins of shilhngs, six-
pence, and three-pence pieces. " It is certain," says
Hutchinson, " that great care was taken to preserve the
purity of the coin. In 1631, the Court ordered that all
pieces of money should have a double ring, with this
inscription : Massachusetts, and a tree in the centre, on
one side, and Neiv England, and the year of our Lord, on
the other side. It did not obtain currency any where,
otherwise than as bullion, except in the New England
Colonies. The Mint Master, John Hull, raised a large
fortune by it. He was to coin the money, of the just
alloy of the then new sterhng English money ; and for
all charges which should attend melting, refining and
coining, he was to be allowed to take fifteen pence out
of every twenty shillings. The Court were afterwards
sensible that this was too advantageous a contract, and
Mr. Hull was oftered a sum of money by the Court to

172

release them from it, but he refused. He left a large
estate. Samuel Sewall, Ar. Co. 1679, who married his
only daughter, received with her, as was commonly re-
ported, thirty thousand pounds in New England shil-
lings." It is said, that when dressed for the wedding,
and in presence of the guests, her father placed her in
his large scales, and piled on the silver shillings in the
other until they weighed her down. This marriage
happened Feb. 14th, 1658.

Capt. Hull was Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1663 ; Lieu-
tenant 1664; Commander 1671 and 1678. He must
have been 54 years old when last its Captain. He con-
tinued a member to his death. He was one of those
persons who, like his father, kept a book in which he
took minutes of the sermons preached at the Court and
Artillery Elections, in short hand mostly, and the preach-
er's name, text, and place of residence ; to the preser-
vation of which we are now indebted for the knowledge
of that list in the earlier years. I observe on the blank
leaves, quotations from Erasmus, Sophocles, Aristotle,
&c ; whence I conclude, since some quotations are in
Greek, that he was a great student and reader in the
ancient languages. I have one of these books, consist-
ing exclusively of Court and Artillery Election Sermons,
which is of the pocket size, and originally fastened by
brass clasps, in which are numerous quotations from the
above authors, and from Scripture, and arranged under
heads like the following : " Memento se esse mortalem,"
— " be courageous," — " be humble." One of his max-
ims, written in Enghsh, apparently in the quivering hand
of old age, is — " The affairs of our estate are come to
that pass, that though we be bound to feel them, we
have no leisure to report them." This volume contains
these verses :

" He that will grateful here to all be thought.
Must give, accept, demand, much, little, nought. "

173

Capt. Hull was Representative* for Wenham, 1668;
for Westfield, 1671 to 1674, and Salisbury, 1679. He
was Treasurer of Massachusetts 1676, an Assistant 1680,
and died Sept. 29th, 1683, aged 59. The Boston News
Letter says — a John Hull died at Boston Oct. 1st, 1683,
aged 59. This must be the day of his burial. He was
one of the principal founders of the Old South Church
in 1669, and continued a member there during life. He
gave a legacy of £100 to Harvard College.

Zachariah Phillips, Boston ; was killed by the In-
dians at Brookfield, August, 1675.

Lieut. Mathew Barnard, Boston ; freeman 1673.

Lieut. Daniel Turin.

Artillery Election Sermon, for 1660, by Samuel
Whiting, Lynn. Printed.

1661.

Lieut. William Howard, Boston, merchant ; came
from the city of London. His will was proved Nov.
15th, 1725, and therein is called glover, late of London,
now of Boston.

Capt. John Pease, probably removed to Enfield be-
fore 1684.

George May, freeman 1665.

Robert Sanford, Boston in 1650; freeman 1652;
sometimes spelt Sampford.

Edward Page.

Artillery Election Sermon, for 1661, by Samuel
Ward,t Ipswich.

* This could not be his father, of the Ar. Co- 1638, for he died July 28th, 1663,
aged 73.

t Farmer questions whether this Christian name should be Samuel. I give it
on the authority of the Hull and Sewall manuscript. See John Hull, ante.

174

1662.

William Clements, Cambridge in 1636.

John Coney, Boston ; died Dec. 24th, 1690 ; some-
times spelt Conney.

Richard Barnard, Boston ; died Dec. 20th, 1706.

George Nowell, — probably son of Increase, of
Charlestown.

Capt. Anthony Checkley, Boston, merchant ; an-
cestor of the graduates of this name at Harvard College.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1680; Lieutenant 1683. His
will, 1704, proved Dec. 31st, 1708. Col. Samuel, Ar.
Co. 1678, was his son.

Nathaniel Hunn, Boston.

Joseph Gridley, Boston, brick-maker, son of Capt.
R. Gridley, Ar. Co. 1658, and father of Capt. R. Grid-
ley, Ar. Co. 1695. His will was proved April 14th, 1687.

Belief Gridley, Boston, brother of the preceding.

Seth Perry, Boston, born 1639 ; son of Arthur
Perry, Ar. Co. 1 638 ; the Town drummer and first
Company drummer. He was a member of the Old
South Church.

Return Waite.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1662, by John Higginson,
Salem.

1663.

Ensign Ephraim Turner, Boston; freeman IQQQ'^
son of Lieut. R. Turner, Ar. Co. 1640.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1663, by Thomas Shepard,
Charlestown — 1st Samuel, XXII. 14th.

175

1664.

David Sewall.

Joseph Turner, Boston ; probably son of Lieut. R.
I urner.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1664, by James Allen,
Boston — Joshua I. 9th.

1665.

Capt. Habijah Savage, Boston; eldest son of Maj.
Thomas, Ar. Co. 1637 ; born at Boston, August 1st,
1638; graduated at Harvard College 1659; admitted
freeman 1665; Captain of militia, and died in 1668 or
9. He married Hannah, a daughter of Hon. Edward
Tyng, May 8th, 1661. He had four children, the two
last daughters, twins, 1667, August 27th.

Lieut. Col. Thomas Savage, Boston, shop-keeper ;
second child of Maj. T. Savage, and brother of the pre-
ceding; born May 28th, 1640; died July 2d, 1705,
aged 65. He had nine children. His will mentions
his sons, Thomas, Ar. Co. 1693; Habijah, Ar. Co.
1699, and Arthur, Ar. Co. 1738. Thomas Fitch and
B. Pemberton, both of the Ar. Co. appraisers. He left
but small estate. There was an inventory, March 24th,
1714-15, which I presume to be his, wherein his house
and land are appraised at £900. A member of the Old
South Church. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1681. He was
a militia officer in Boston, and rose to the rank of Lieut.
Col. of the Boston Regiment, 1702, in which office he
died. He was also an officer in Sir Wilham Phipps's
expedition to Canada, 1690-91, and commanded a
regiment.

Capt. Humphrey Davie, Boston, brazier ; freeman
1665 ; spelt by Farmer, Davy. Representative of Bil-
lerica from 1666 to '9, and for his services received, by

176

vote of the town, the present of " a fat beast." He
represented Woburn in 1678, and was Assistant from
1679 to '86. Administration on his estate, December
29th, 1718.

Hezekiah Usher, Boston ; son of H. Usher, Ar. Co.
1638; born at Cambridge, June, 1639 ; died at Lynn,
July 11th, 1697, and buried at Boston, in the Chapel
ground. He left a long and curious will.

Capt. John Mills, Boston ; member of the first
church; requested to be freeman 1630, and made free-
man 1632 or '3, there being two of that name. Two
of his children were named Joy and Recompense. He
may have been the John Mills, Town Clerk of Brain-
tree in 1653.

Samuel Joy, Boston ; born in 1639 ; son of Thomas,
Ar. Co.

(John) Taylor, Cambridge ; freeman 1651 ; died at
Cambridge, Sept. 7th, 1683, aged 73. This name was
omitted in the former edition. It may have been the
James Taylor, of Boston, freeman 1683 ; Representa-
tive 1689 and 1693; but he probably was too young
to be the person intended.

Jonathan Shrimpton, Boston ; probably brother of
Henry Shrimpton, of Bednall Green, near London, and
uncle of Col. Samuel, Ar. Co. 1670.

The Militia of Massachusetts in 1665, says Hutchin-
son, were " about 4000 foot, and 400 horsemen might
be in the lists, but aged and infirm were excused."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1665, by Increase Mather,
Eoston— Ephes. VI. 11th.

1666.

John Paine, Ipswich ; went to Nantucket, where he
died, July 13th, 1677 ; sometimes spelt Payne.

177

Thomas Snawsnell, Boston in 1665; spelt by Far-
mer, Snoivsell.

Capt. Benjamin Gibbs, Boston, merchant; admitted
to the 1st church July 13th, 1662. He had several child-
ren born in Boston. He was a donor of £50 to Harvard
College, in 1673; a founder and member of the Old
South Church. Josselyn speaks of his new house as
being a stately edifice, which, it is thought, will stand
him in little less than £3000, before it be fully finished.

Thomas Watkins, Boston 1652; died December
16th, 1689.

Thomas Sandford, admitted freeman 1637, by the
name of Sampford, or his son.

Capt. Theophilus Frary, Boston in 1657; son of
John Frary of Medfield ; was a cordwainer ; Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1674 ; Lieutenant in 1675; Captain 1682.
Representative of Boston 1689 to 1695, and 1699 ; the
whole delegation of Boston that year having been elect-
ed for some particular purpose. He died October 17th,
1 700. A founder and member of the Old South Church,
and violently opposed to the Episcopal Church. Wor-
ship according to their forms had not been attempted in
public, until Andross's arrival. Our forefathers abhor-
red all sects but their own, and the Episcopalians equally
with Catholics. In 1688, Randolph endeavored to es-
tablish worship in that form, and wrote in pressing terms
to the Bishop of London on the subject. Hutchinson,
in a note, observes: "A dispute happened at the grave
of one Lilly. He left the ordering of his funeral to his
executors. They forbad Mr. Ratcliffe, the Episcopal
minister, performing the service for burial. Neverthe-
less, he began. Deacon Frairey interrupted him, and
a stop was put to his proceeding. Frairey was com-
plained of, and besides being bound to his good be-
havior for twelve months, it was thought the process

178

would cost him 100 marks." '' Moochfs letter to Ma-
ther :^^ "Among other complaints against Sir E. An-
dross, this was one, " that the service of the Church of
England had been forced into their meeting houses."
" This was an equivocal expression. Sir Edmund had
made use of a meeting-house for the church service,
against the wills of the proprietors, but after their ser-
vice was over, and compelled no Congregationalist to
join with him. Indeed, he threatened to shut up the
doors, if he was refused, and to punish any man who
gave two pence towards the support of a non-conformist
minister."

Capt. Frary is the man here intended. He was elect-
ed Deacon of the Old South Church, Nov. 5th, 1685;
and no doubt that is the meeting-house referred to. If
Andross had never done any thing worse than introduce
the Episcopal mode of worship, his name would not
have been covered with so much obloquy. The worthy
Deacon could not foresee, that in less than 100 years,
that same Church would be indebted to the liberality of
King's Chapel for the privilege of worship ; for, while
the British, in the Revolutionary war, made a riding-
school, or circus, of the Old South, the congregation
mingled with their Episcopalian brethren.

Thomas Hull, Boston. Tliis may have been a
brother of Capt. John Hull, the Assistant. His inven-
tory, £167 1 6, appears in 1670.

Richard Jencks, Boston ; admitted to the 2d church
October, 1682.

Hugh Clarke, Watertown in 1640; admitted free-
man 1660, and died at Roxbury, July 20th, 1693.

Capt. Lawrence Hammond, Charlestown ; freeman
1666; Captain of mihtia ; Representative of C. 1672,
for six yearB. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1670^, Lieutenant

179

1672. He died at Boston, July 29th, 1699. His in-
ventory appears on the Sufi^. Prob. Rec. Nov. 6th, 1699.

William Sedgwick, Boston ; son of the cliarter
member.

Ensign Tobias Davis, Roxbury, yeoman ; died in
1690.

Daniel Brewer, Roxbury; freeman 1634; died
January 9th, 1689, aged 84.

Capt. Philip Curtis, Roxbury, where he vvas Lieu-
tenant of mihtia. He was slain in battle by the Indians,
at Hassanamesset, Grafton, Mass., Nov. 9th, 1675. He
acted as Lieutenant, under Capt. Henchman, in the ex-
pedition against King Philip's Indians, when he was
slain. He was a brave soldier.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1666, by Edmund Browne,
Sudbury— Luke HI. 14th.

In September, 1666, a Sermon was preached before
the Company, at Charlestown, by Rev. John Higginson
of Salem, from Exodus, XV. 3d. Sermons were preach-
ed other than on their Anniversary, in June, as follows :
In 1669, Sept. at Charlestown, by Thomas Thacher
of Boston, from Psalms, LX. 4th ; in 1670, Sept. at
Charlestown, by Zachariah Whitman of Hull, from

Heb. XIII ; in 1677, Sept. at , by Urian Oakes,

of , from Eccles. IX. 11th, which was printed, and

is now before me. In recurring to old Almanacks, 1
find the following: For years 1674, '9, '80, '3, '6, say
" Artillery Election at Salem," .first Monday of July.
Those for 1674, '9, '83, '5, '6, say "Artillery Election
at Cambridge," 2d Monday of September. Those for
1679, '83, '94, '6, to 1710, except 1706, '14, '15, 17, say
"Artillery Election at Boston," 1st Monday of June.
Tully's Almanack for 1699, May 30th, being the last
Tuesday, says, "Artillery Election, Concord;" and IM
Monday in June, says, " Artillery Election, Boston."

180

The custom of monthly trainings had not then be-
come obsolete, and it is probable they were all called
election days, and that in June the anniversary election
of officers. No notice appears of their being called so
after this period. It is most probable they had a ser-
mon, or religious services, every training day, at first,
especially a sermon in September. These training
days are now called field days, and they have no re-
ligious exercises, except the annual election sermon, in
June. They hence must have trained in ancient times,
except in June, in any of the towns of the colony, or
province, as convenience dictated. In modern times,
they are confined to Boston, excepting short excursions
in the vicinity.

1667.

Ensign Freegrace Bendall, Boston, merchant ;
born at Boston, 1636 ; was the eldest son of Edward
Bendall, Ar. Co. 1638. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1676.

Ensign William Kent, Boston ; Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1673, and died June 9th, 1691.

John Ratcliffe, bookseller.

Ensign George Broughton, is mentioned by Hub-
bard, Indian Wars, as of Salmon Falls River in 1675.

Capt. Nathaniel Williams, Boston, born 1642 ;
son of Lieut. Nathaniel, Ar. Co. 1644; Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1684, Lieutenant 1693. A member of the
Old South Church, and elected Deacon Oct. 15th, 1693.

Samuel Bosworth, Boston ; son of Zacheus, Ar.
Co. 1650; married the second daughter of Thomas
Bomsted, Ar. Co. 1647.

" After forty years," says Hutchinson, "the greatest
part of our first emigrants had finished their pilgrimage,
and were arrived at the place of their everlasting abode.

181

Some of them lamented their being born too soon to
see New England in its most flourishing state. This will
be the case with their posterity, for many generations."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1667, by Samuel Dan-
forth, Roxbury— Exodus XVII. 11th.

1668.

Thomas Foster, Boston; member of the church
1640; freeman 1642; styled in the church records,
gunner.

Lieut. John Crafts, or Craft, Roxbury ; born 1630 ;
married 1654, and died Sept. 3d, 1685.

Edward Tyng, Jr, Boston ; second son of Maj. Gen.
Edward, Ar, Co. 1642. He was one of Sir E. Andross's
Council, 1687 ; appointed Governor of Annapolis, and
was taken prisoner on his passage to that place ; carried
into France, where he died.

Joseph Lyall, Boston, lawyer, (sometimes spelt
Lisle,) son of Francis, Ar. Co. 1640 ; born in Boston,
1642.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1668, by John Wilson,
Medfield— Luke XIX. 42d.

1669.

Edward Shippen, Boston ; ancestor of Judge Ship-
pen ; removed to Philadelphia, where he became their
first Mayor, under the City Charter of 1701.

James Russell, Esq, Charlestown; freeman 1668;
son of the Hon. Richard Russell, Ar. Co. 1644; born
Oct. 4th, 1640, at Charlestown. Representative 1679 ;
Assistant 1680 to 1686 ; one of President Dudley's
Council; a member of the Council of Safety, 1689;
one of the two who signed the order to have Castle
Island delivered up, and appears one of the leading

182

men in the operations of that day. A Counsellor under
the new charter, 1692 ; also a Judge, and Treasurer of
Massachusetts. His wife was Maybel, daughter of Gov.
Haynes. He died April 28th, 1709, aged 68.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1669, by Samuel Torrey,
Weymouth— Psalms LXXII. 2d.

1670.

Col. Samuel Shrimpton, Boston ; born in Boston,
1643; freeman 1673; was an eminent merchant of
Boston. He was elected an officer of militia when a
private of this Company ; and his military talents must
have been great, for at that period (a thing unusual) he
was (1672) Ensign of the Ar. Co., and promoted Lieu-
tenant 1673. He was very active in the revival of the
Company, after Andross's usurpation, and made the
Colonel of the Suffolk Regiment, April 20th, 1689— the
first person in that station after the abolition of the
office of Serjeant-major, as commander of a regiment.
Captain of the Ar. Co. 1694, the twenty-fourth year of
his membership. He died while in the office of Colonel,
Feb. 5th, 1698, aged 55.

He was one of Sir E. Andross's Council in 1687, and
one of the Council of Safety on his deposition, 1689.
It appears he was a great landholder. He was buried
Feb. 14th, with great solemnity. " Vir patriae* clarus."
He was an ancestor of Gen. William H. Sumner, Ar.
Co. 1819.

Col. Jonathan Tyng, Woburn, (by some of Dun-
stable,) born at Boston, Dec. 15th, 1642. He was one
of Sir E. Andross's Council in 1687 ; a magistrate and
man of influence. He married the daughter of Heze-
kiah Usher, for his first wife, and Judith, his second,
survived him, dying June 5th, 1736, aged 99. He died

* Says an old Almanack.

183

Jan. 19th, 1724, aged 82. His children hved in Tyngs-
boro' and Chelmsford, Mass. The following is extract-
ed from the News Letter, No. 1043, one of the first
newspapers in New England : " \Voburn, Lord's Day,
Jan: 19th, 1723-4. We were here entertained with a
very loud memento mori. The Hon. Col. Jonathan
Tyng, Esq, walking to the place of public worship in
the afternoon, expired as soon as he got into his seat,
during the time of the first prayer, aged 81. His faith
and holiness were so apparent, that we were persuaded
he was conveyed to the assembly of the first born in
Heaven, to bear a part with them in glorifying their
Creator and Redeemer."

Col. Elisha Hutchinson, Boston, merchant ; born
1641 ; was the eldest son of Capt. Edward, Ar. Co.
1638 ; admitted freeman 1668; Representative of Bos-
ton in 1680, &c. ; Assistant in 1684, '5, '6 ; one of the
Council 1689, and under the new, or Provincial Charter
in 1692, and continued in the Council to his death,
Dec. 10th, 1717, in his 77th year. He was a Captain
of the Boston Militia ; Sergeant-Major of the Regiment,
as successor of John Richards, and was the last person
who ever sustained that office. On the reorganization
of the Militia, he was Major of the Suffolk, Boston,
Regiment, under Col. Shrimpton ; in 1694, Lieutenant
Colonel, and, 1699, Colonel, which office he held till
1703. He was Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1671 ; Lieuten-
« ant 1674; Captain 1676. He continued a member
ft through the troubles of Andross's administration, and was
■ the principal and leading character who caused the re-
^■suscitation of the Company afterwards, being chosen, in
^^the autumn of 1690, to command a second time, until
the next regular anniversary election. A third time
commander, in 1697, and continued a member 47
years, to his death.

184

His wife was a daughter of Major Clarke, an eminent
merchant, whose store, &c, at the North End, long con-
tinued in the family by the name of Hutchinson's Wharf.
His house was in the North square. This part of the
town, about his day, became the " Court End,'''' where
the heaviest shipping laded and unladed, and the most
extensive business was transacted. His son Thomas
was of the Ar. Co. 1694, and grandfather of Governor
Hutchinson, of Revolutionary fame.

He was in London, 1688, and joined in a remon-
strance to King James II. He had been commander at
Castle William, and sustained that office when Dudley
arrived, but was removed to make way for the new order
of things, and succeeded by Lieut. Gov. Povey — after
which, and until the Revolution, that office was a sine-
cure. He was one of the Commissioners, with Towns-
end and Leverett, to Port Royal, in 1707; commander
of the Colonial forces when the new charter arrived,
having so disposed of them as to cover the eastern fron-
tier, after the destruction of York, and having his head-
quarters at Portsmouth.

Thomas Norman. He may have been a son or
grandson of Richard N. of Salem, who came to N. E.
1627, and died there, 1683.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1670, by John Oxen-
bridge, Boston.

1671.

John Lowle, Boston, cooper. He is probably the
son of Percival Lowle, who came from Bristol, Eng-
land, a merchant, and setded at Newbury. John Lowle
appears to have been of Boston in 1655, and died June
7th, 1694 ; administration on his estate Sept. 27th, 1694.
He had a son, John, This name is now spelt Lowell ;
from Percival, the Rev. Charles, D. D. of Boston, and

185

the Hon. John, a distinguished lawyer of Boston, and
farmer of Roxbury, (quondam rebel,) are descended.

Ensign Thomas Thacher, Jr, Boston ; son of Rev.
Thomas, first Minister of the Old South Church ; En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1675, and died at Boston, April 2d,
1686.

Capt. John Wing, Boston, mariner ; born in Boston,
1637; son of Robert. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1677;
Lieutenant 1682; Captain 1693. He took an active
part in the resuscitation of the Company after Andross's
usurpation, and continued a member to his decease.
Farmer thinks that he died Feb. 22d, 1704 ; but I find
a will of John Wing, master mariner, of Boston, in the
Suft". Prob. Rec, dated Feb. 24th, 1701, and proved
March the 12th, 1702-3. His inventory, by H. During,
Ar. Co. 1682, and J. Marion, jr, Ar. Co. 1691, apprais-
ers, amounts to £125 15. He was a member of the
Old South Church.

Nehemiah Pierce, Boston ; son of John, of Dorches-
ter; born 1639; died in 1691.

Ensign John Morse, Boston, shop-keeper ; Clerk of
the Ar. Co. in 1675, when the first Rules were made;
probably the son of John, one of the earliest settlers of
Dedham, and born 1639.

Lieut. Gen. John Walley,* Boston ; admitted while
a private citizen, and soon after has the title of Ensign,
probably a militia officer. His name appears afterwards
as a bondsman ; as Lieutenant, 1678 ; then Captain,
Major, and Colonel. I suppose he held all the offices
in the Boston militia. He was elected Major of the
Boston Regiment, 1699, and soon after Colonel. The
office of Major he held probably as commander of a

* I strongly believe he might be a relative of the regicide who fled to this coun-
try, Hved in fear, and died in obscurity, in the interior of Massachusetts.
S4

186

regiment, under Gov. Phipps, against the French and
Indians in Canada, in 1690 ; he commanded the first
expedition against them, Feb. 12th, 1689. He rose to
be Lieut. General of his Majesty's forces against them,
and is the only person on the roll that ever sustained
that rank. He commanded the Company three times :
1679, 1699, and 1707; in the two last, he is styled
Lieut. General. He must, therefore, have been an ac-
tive member at least 36 years, and exerted himself in
its revival. He continued a member to his death, Jan.
11th, 1712.

" At the first election," under the new charter, says Hutchinson,
" it was made a question whether, by the General Court or Assem-
bly, was intended the House of Representatives only, or the whole
three branches; and it is handed down to us by tradition, that after
some time spent in messages and replies, the Council of the former
year gave up the point, and sent Maj. Walley, one of their number,
to acquaint the Speaker with it ; but when he came to the door, he
heard the Speaker putting the question to the House, and finding
they had conceded to the Council, he returned without delivering
the message ; and a Committee coming soon after from the House,
to bring up the vote, the Council by this accident retained a privi-
lege, which they have been in the exercise of ever since."

He was one of Andross's Council in 1687, and the
Council under the new or Provincial Charter, 1692,
and Judge of the Superior Court of Massachusetts. His
tomb-stone says he died Jan. 11th, 1711-12, aged 69.
In his will he gives £100 to Harvard College ; his silver
tankard and £ — to the Old South Church, where he
was a member ; and also a donation to Harvard Col-
lege, towards the "support of two hopeful scholars,
such as the President and Ministers of the {first) Church
in Cambridge and the Old South Ministers approve."
His inventory was £16,805 18 6, and debts £9061 11 5.
His descendants now worship at that church ; but one of
them of the present age, Thomas, was a zealous Roman
Cathohc.

187

Capt. Jeremiah Dummer, Boston ; son of Richard
D. of Newbury ; born at Newbury, Sept. 14th, 1645 ;
settled in Boston. He was one of the Council of Safety,
1689. His will was proved June 18th, 1718. Farmer
says, he died May 24th, 1718, aged 73. The following
is an extract from the Boston News Letter of June 2d,
1718:—

" On the 25th, past, departed this life Jeremiah Dummer, Esq,
in the 73d year of his age, after a long retirement, under great in-
firmities of age and sickness; having served his country faithfully in
several public stations, and obtained of all that knew him the char-
acter of a just, virtuous, and pious man ; and was honorably inter-
red on Thursday last."

He is said to have been an accomplished writer and
scholar.

Thomas Bendish.

Capt. Benjamin Alford, Boston, merchant ; Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1685. His sons, John, Ar. Co. 1714;
James, 1713, and brother-in-law. Major Benja. Davis,
1673. His will is dated Feb. 19th, 1696-7, and proved
Feb. 28th, 1709.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1671, by Thos. Thacher,
Boston— Rev. XVII. 14th.

1672.

Capt. Samuel Moseley, probably son of Henry
Madsley, Ar. Co. 1643; was born 1641 ; commanded
a troop of horse, under Major Savage, in King Philip's
war, 1675. Hutchinson says, he " had been an old pri-
vateer at Jamaica, probably of such as were called buc-
caneers."

Major Daniel Davison, Ipswich 1665; removed to
Newbury ; was a man of note there, and Major of the
Essex Regiment.

188

Peter Bennet, Boston, housewright ; administration
Sept. 21st, 1702.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1672, by Uriah Oakes,
Pres. Har. Col.— Rom. VIII. 37th. Printed.

1673.

Lieut. Jonathan Bridgham, Boston, tanner ; proba-
bly eldest son of Henry, Ar. Co. 1644, whom Farmer
calls /o/m; born 1645. He had brothers, Joseph and
Benjamin, Ar. Co. 1674, whom he names in his will,
1689. A member of the Old South Church.

Lieut. John Hayward, Watertown, scrivener, in
1640 ; Representative in 1645. I conclude he after-
wards resided in Boston. " Dec, 3d, 1677, there was
but one post-office in Massachusetts, at Boston. The
Court of Assistants appointed John Hayward Postmaster
for the whole colony." A John Hayward, of Charles-
town, was a donor to Harvard College, 1672.

Capt. Hopestill Foster, Dorchester ; son of Capt.
Hopestill, Ar. Co. 1742, and father of Capt. Hopestill,
Ar. Co. 1694.

James Penyman, Braintree.

Maj. Benjamin Davis, Boston, apothecary ; son of
Capt. Wilham, Ar. Co. 1643. He was a Major, but of
what corps we are not informed ; and Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1679; Lieutenant 168L He died, according
to Farmer, Nov. 26th, 1704. There appears adminis-
tration on Benjamin Davis, apothecary, Boston, June
1st, 1704. I am not able to reconcile these dates. A
member of the Old South Church.

John Sandys, Boston, merchant; born 1646.

Jacob Jesson.

Nathaniel Pierce. I conclude this was the son of

189

William, Selectman of Boston, a gentleman of high re-
pute, who died there 1661 or "J.

Capt. John Atwood, Boston, cordwainer ; Captain
of militia. He was active in reviving the Company,
after Andross's usurpation, and elected its Lieutenant
1695. Administration granted August 18th, 1714.

Nathaniel Blake, perhaps son of William, of Mil-
ton and Dorchester, Ar. Co. 1646 ; or of John, Ar. Co.
1642.

Francis Morse. Probably the surname is wrongly
spelt on the old roll, and should be Francis Moore, of
Cambridge, freeman 1652, who married before 1658.

John Sweeting. I think this name, also, a mis-
take ; for John Sweete, son of John, a ship-carpenter of
Boston, and member of the church there; if so, he was
born 1651.

Col. John Usher, Boston, bookseller ; son of En-
sign Hezekiah, Ar. Co. 1638 ; born in Boston, April
27th, 1648 ; freeman 1673. He was appointed a Colonel
during Andross's sway, 1687, and one of his Council,
and Treasurer of the Colony. He was appointed Lieut.
Governor of New Hampshire (1692) five years, when,
being unpopular, he was supplanted by Partridge ; but
was again appointed, in 1702, under Gov. Dudley.
While in office, he occasionally resided at Portsmouth,
but carried on business at the same time in Boston.
Many tracts appear, " published at J. Usher's Book-
store."

" John Usher, Esq, was a native of Boston.* He was possessed
of a handsome fortune, and sustained a fair character in trade. He
had been employed by the Massachusetts government, when in Eng-
land, (1689) to negotiate the purchase of the Province of Maine,
from the heirs of Ferdinando Georges, and had thereby got a taste

* Bellvnap, Hist. N. H., Farmer's edition, I. p. 14S, chap. XI. Much valuable
information is obtained from this \Tork.

190

for speculating in landed interest. He was one of the part owners
in the million purchase, and had sanguine expectations of gain from
that quarter. He had rendered himself unpopular among his coun-
trymen, by accepting the office of Treasurer under Sir E. Andross,
and joining with apparent zeal in the measures of that administra-
tion, and he continued a friendly connection with that party after
they were displaced.

" Though rather of an open and generous disposition, yet he
wanted those accomplishments which he might have acquired by a
learned and polite education. He had but little of the statesman,
and less of the courtier. Instead of an engaging affability, he affect-
ed a severity in his deportment, was loud in conversation, and stern
in command. Fond of presiding in government, he frequently
journeyed into the Province, and often summoned the Council, when
he had little or nothing to lay before them. He gave orders, and found
fault like one who felt himself independent, and was determined to
be obeyed. He had an high idea of his authority, and the dignity
of his commission ; and when opposed and insulted, as he sometimes
was, he treated the offenders with severity, which he would not relax,
till he had brought them to submission. His public speeches were
always incorrect, and sometimes coarse and reproachful. He seems,
however, to have taken as much care for the interest and preserva-
tion of the Province, as one in his circumstances could have done."

The Province of New Hampshire sometimes voted
him thanks for his services, at others complained of
his abusing and oppressing them. He could buy the
best situated lands in the interior for 2d. to 4d. per acre,
and, like most speculators, passed through a multitude
of law-suits. He educated his son. Rev. John, at Har-
vard College, 1719, and his grandson, John, Har. Col.
1643, was the Episcopal Minister of Bristol, R. I., where
he died, July, 1804, aged 81, the predecessor of the
present venerable Bishop of the Eastern Diocese. He
finally removed to Medford, and died there. Farmer
says, Sept. 5th, 1726, aged 78. The Boston News
Letter says he died Sept. 1st, 1726, aged 79. A large
tomb-stone in Medford corroborates the News Letter.*

*He purchased the right and interest of Georges' heirs, for j£1200 sterling, and
assigned it over to the Governor and Company.

191

Capt. John Waite, Maiden; freeman 1647; Cap-
tain of militia there ; Representative 1666 to 1684,
when he was Speaker. He was probably the witness
to Gov. Leverett's will.

Thomas Jenner, Boston ; son of Thomas, minister
of Weymouth.

John Taylor, Cambridge; freeman 1651; died
Sept. 7th, 1683, aged 73. [See 1665.]

This year the Castle was burnt ; also. Harvard Col-
lege ; and a liberal contribution to rebuild the College
was collected in the several towns of the colony.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1673, by Seaborn Cotton,
Hampton— 2d Sam. X. 12th.

1674.

Joseph Farnam ; probably son of Henry, Ar. Co.
1644.

CoL. Penn Townsend, Boston, wine merchant, was
the third son of William, born in Boston, Dec. 20th,
1651. He was a leading man in town affairs, generally
Moderator of town-meetings ; Representative 1686, and
annually, except during Andross's reign, to 1698, and
Speaker of the House afterwards. One of the Council
under the new charter, 1721. His first military title is
Lieutenant, in the militia of Boston ; then Captain ;
Major of the Boston Regiment, 1 694 ; promoted Lieut.
Col. 1699; Colonel 1703; which office he held till '
1710. Soon after his admission, he was Orderly of the
Ar. Co. ; Lieutenant in 1679 ; Captain 1681. He was
actively engaged in its revival, after Andross was de-
posed, and again its Lieutenant, under Col. Hutchin-
son, October, 1690, to serve until the next anniversary,
when he was again commander. He was three times
afterwards elected its Captain, 1698, 1709 and 1723—
the last time when he was 71 years old. He must have

192

continued an active member at least forty-nine years ;
nor did he cease to be a member until his decease, Au-
gust 2 1 St, 1 727, in his 76th year. His tomb-stone is No.
30, in the Granary, close to the corner of Park street
Church.

To judge from the repeated instances of his election
to offices where he must preside, he must have had
personal dignity, as well as popularity, commanding
great respect. It proves, also, that he was, in modern
phrase, a working man, efficient, prompt and accurate.
There are delineations of his character in the old " News
Letter," No. 35, and his funeral sermon, by the Rev.
Mr. Foxcroft. Notwithstanding he devoted much time
to the public service, he paid strict attention to his pri-
vate business, and lived in great style. Hon. Addington
Davenport, Ar. Co. 1692, was his kinsman. His in-
ventory, August 29th, 1727, contains 239 oz. of silver
plate, and 12 oz. of small plate, an old silver-hilted
sword. His mansion house and land, 70 feet front, 132
deep, £800 ; South End brick house, 38 by 165 feet,
£1500 ; wooden house, 20 by 40, £600 ; farm at Pull-
ing Point, £3000 — total, real and personal, £6768 1 8 6.
No inconsiderable fortune, in those days. His mansion
house was probably near the Mill creek, in Ann street.
He belonged to the Old South Church.

He was agent, with Col. Hutchinson and President
Leverett, to superintend the military forces under Col.
March, destined against Port Royal, in 1707, selected
by Gov. Dudley, on account of their great popularity,
Dunton says, he was " a gentleman very courteous and
affable in his conversation.

Capt. Ephraim Savage, third son and fourth child of
Maj. Thomas S, the charter member, was born at Bos-
ton, July 20th, 1645 ; graduated at Harv. College 1662,
and admitted freeman 1672. An officer of the Boston

193

militia, serving in the expedition to Canada, 1690, as
Captain. He was elected Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1678,
Lieutenant 1680, Captain 1683 ; Representative of Bos-
ton 1703 to '8 and 1710. His will was proved March
22d, 1730-1. He died at the close of February, and was
buried March 2d, 1731, says Farmer, aged 86. A mem-
ber of the Old South Church.

Capt. Daniel Turell, Jr, Boston, son of Capt.
Daniel, Ar. Co. 1656. An officer in the Boston militia.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1676.

Jabez Salter, Boston, born 1647. Inventory April
Sd, 1721.

Moses Bradford, Boston, born 1644, died Boston,
March 23d, 1692.

Robert Sedgwick, probably of Boston, son of Maj.
Gen. Robert, a charter member. One of Gen. Sedg-
wick's sons died on his passage from Jamaica, which
place he had visited, and was buried at Boston. In-
ventory April 26th, 1683.

John Drury, Boston, son of Hugh, Ar. Co. 1659,
born 1646. A member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Edward Creek.

Lieut. Ambrose Davis, Boston, probably brother of
Joseph, Ar. Co. 1675. He is undoubtedly the Ambrose
Daioes, who married Mary, the first of that name,
daughter of Thomas Bumsted, Ar. Co. 1647.

Joseph Prout, Boston, probably brother or son of
Timothy, of Boston, a shipv/right.

Thomas Bill, Boston. This may be a son of John,
of Boston, who died Dec. 1638. Thomas and Richard,
Ar. Co. were probably his sons.

Lieut. Ephraim Sale, Boston, cooper. A William
Sayle, of Boston, a Captain, and sometime Governor of

194

Bermuda, was in Boston 1646, went back to England,
but came over again in 1648* He was his son, or the
son of Ephraim, as described by Farmer. This name
has been singularly varied. Lieut. Ephraim was an-
cestor of the Sales hereafter mentioned.

Lieut. Joseph Bridgham, Boston, tanner, born in
Boston, 1651. He was nonresident Representative of
Northampton 1690, and Boston 1697. He was Ruhng
Elder of the first Church. His estate was appraised at
£4221 19 5. Henry, his son, Ar. Co. 1699, and ex-
ecutor, had previously deceased. The grave-stone in
the Chapel ground says he died January 5th, 1708-9,
aged 58. He had a son, Joseph.

Benjamin Bridgham, Boston, brother of the preced-
ing, born 1654.

James Green, Boston, printer; freeman 1647. He
was a man of good sense, facetious and obliging in his
conversation.

Ensign David Hobart, Hingham, was the seventh
son of Rev. Peter H. of that place. His will styles him
a tanner; it was proved Nov. 19th, 1717. He was
Representative of H. 1692 and '7, and nephew of Capt.
Joshua, Ar. Co. 1641.

Joseph Porter, Roxbury.

Experience Willis.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1674, by Joshua Moodey,
Portsmouth— 1st Corinth. IX. 26th. Printed.

1675.

Capt. Thomas Brattle, Boston, freeman 1657, mer-
chant. He was nonresident Representative for Lan-
caster 1671 and '2, for Concord 1678 and '9, Commis-

* New England Salamander discovered, Winslow, II. Winthrop, 334.

195

sioner to King Philip at Taunton, 1671, with Capts.
Davis and Hudson. Maj. Gen. VVilham Brattle, Ar.
Co. 1729, the son of William, minister of Cambridge,
was a great-grandson. Inventory, after deducting debts,
&c. leaves a balance, £7827 16 10. Some of his estate
was in Brattle street, for whom it is named. He was
one of the four persons who made the purchase of the
tract of land on the Kennebec river, subsequently known
hy the name of the Plymouth Company, (vulgarly, squat-
ters.) He was one of the founders of the Old South
Church.

Daniel Quincy, Boston, merchant, son of Edmund
Quincy, of Braintree, common ancestor of all the Quin-
cys4n Massachusetts, was born in that part of the town
now Quincy. He left but one son, John, the great-
grandfather of John Q. Adams, late President. His
younger brother, Edmund, was the ancestor of the dis-
tinguished orator and patriot, Josiah, father of Josiah,
the President of Harvard College. Daniel Quincy's
will is dated August 4th, 1690, and proved Sept. 8th,
1690, wherein he styles himself a goldsmith.

John Nichols, Boston, merchant. A member of the
Old South Church.

Capt. William Greenough, Boston in 1656, master
mariner. A Captain of the militia as well as of a vessel.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1691, and died 8th August, 1693.

John Moore, (Sudbury,) more probably of Boston,
tailor, whose inventory appears in the Suff. Prob. Rec,
March 8th, 1694-5.

Capt. Daniel Henchman, Boston ; schoolmaster in
Boston from 1666 to 1671 ; was a distinguished Captain,
in King Philip's war, of a company of foot, June 26,
1675, in company with Capt. Prentice, with a troop of
horse. An eclipse of the moon, that evening, discour-

196

aged the expedition much. That over, they proceeded
onward and arrived at Swanzey before night, on the
28th. Ensign Savage was with him. Major Thomas
Savage arrived soon and took command of the forces
and brought up reinforcements. " A few skirmishes
routed the Indians in that quarter. King Phihp fled to
the western part of the colony, and Henchman, with
some of the troops returned. In November he started
again from Boston, with another company. Near Men-
don they heard of a party of Indians, and it was resolved
to give them a camisado, as they called it, in their wig-
wams. The Captain and his Lieutenant, Philip Curtis,
(Ar. Co. ]666,) accordingly led their men out to the
fight, but most of them flinched in the moment of ngedy
and Capt. H. and Lieut. C. were left with only five men
to finish the combat. Lieut. Curtis, with one man,
was killed, and the object of the excursion was lost.*
This battle happened Nov. 9th, 1675, at what is now
called Grafton.

He was a Captain of mihtia, and the person vv^ho sat
out the great elm tree, on Boston Common,! for a shade
to the military companies which might exercise there in
after time. This tree, now standing, measured in cir-
cumference, (1825,) 21 feet, 8 inches. His inventory,
1686, amounts to £1381 13 9. He was a member of
the Old South Church, on whose records his name is
spelt Hincksman.

Andrew Clarke.

Ensign William Griggs, Boston, distiller. Admin-
istration on his estate, Nov. 5th, 1737. Suft\ Prob. Rec.

Ensign Benjamin Thurston, Boston, weaver ; free-
man 1665; died young, according to Maj. Sewall's ac-
count, to whom he was a youthful companion. He was

* Snow's History of Boston, p. 163.

tSee an account in the Boston Commercial Gazette, April 25th, 1825.

197

one of the members of the Old South Church, and died
of the small pox, 1678.

Ephraim Morse.

Lieut. William Gibson.'

Ensign Simeon Stoddard, son of Anthony, Ar. Co.
1639, was living in Boston in 1729. A member of the
Old South Church.

John Jackson, Boston, born June 26th, 1643. John,
his father, was a carpenter in Boston.

Joseph Davis, Boston, born 1645, was a son of Capt.
William Davis, Ar. Co. 1643. One of the founders of
the Old South Church.

Simeon Mes singer, Boston. Henry, Ar. Co. 1658,
was probably his father.

John Temple, Boston, probably son of Sir Thomas.

" Be it as it may," says Hutchinson, "it is certain, that as the
Colony was first settled, so it was now preserved (Philip's War) from
ruin, without any charge to the mother country. Nay, as far as we
can judge from the materials I have, the collections made in the
Colony, after the fire in London, for the relief of the sufferers there,
and upon other occasions, for the relief of divers of the plantations,
with other public donations, from the first settlement until the char-
ter was vacated, will not fall much, if any thing, short of the whole
sum that was bestowed upon the Colony from abroad during that
time." The Indian war took a more favorable turn in 1676.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1675, by Samuel Phillips,
Rowley — Joshua V. 14th.

1676.

Lieut. Samuel Johnson, Boston ; probably son of
Capt. James, Ar. Co. 1638; Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1697, and assisted in its revival, 1690.

198

William ToMLiN ; probably a son or grandson of
Edward, Ar. Co. 1638.*

John Header.

Ensign John Noyes, Boston; freeman 1675; born
June 4th, 1649; father of Doct. OHver N. Ar. Co.
1699. He may have been the Ensign of Sudbury. A
member of the Old South Church. He died of small-
pox, 1678.

Ensign William Colman, Boston ; born at Satterly,
in Suffolk, England ; father of the celebrated Rev. B.
Colman, D. D., first Minister of Brattle street Church.
He was a founder of that church, in 1699, and contin-
ued a member thereof, under his son's preaching.

Nathaniel Barnes, Boston. Clerk of the Company,
and by directions from the commander, Maj. Savage, in
1680, he made a complete roll of all members, with
their bondsmen, and also a complete list of officers from
the beginning. This he certified, as Clerk, in 1681.
To the preservation of this list we are mainly indebted
for all we know of the first years of the Company. His
labors were great, and in 1746 they were thought worthy
of being transcribed. Dunton says, he was Clerk to
the government, a matchless accomptant, a great mu-
sician, bookish to a proverb, — very generous to stran-
gers."

Maj. William Phillips, Saco in 1659; appointed
a magistrate by King Charles II ; Commissioner in
1665 ; was a Major in 1675. His house was assaulted
by the Indians, Sept. 1 8th, 1 675, and soon after burnt
by them. There was a Wilham Phillips, innholder, in
Boston.

* The descendants of members, out of respect to their memory and example,
enrolled themselves as members. I find it the case from generation to generation,
and accompanied with such incontrovertible evidence, that I conceivt> it <jnfe
sometimes to presume the fact.

199

Samuel Wakefield, Boston. In his house one of
the great fires in Boston began. Samuel, Ar. Co. 1685,
was probably his son.

Lieut. Isaac Walker, Boston ; son of Isaac, Ar. Co.
1644. A member of the Old South Church.

Robert Butcher, Boston ; member of the Old South
Church.

Joshua Wixsor, Boston, merchant. His will is dated
Nov. 9th, 1717, and proved Nov. 25th, 1717.

Capt. Bozoun Allen, Boston, tanner. He was en-
gaged in the revival of the Ar. Co. ; its Ensign, to serve
until the next regular election; its Lieutenant 1691 ;
Capt. 1696. A man of influence, probably leader of
the mechanic interest in Boston, for we find him fre-
quently Moderator of town-meetings, and in other town
offices. Representative of Boston in 1700.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1676, by Samuel Willard,
Boston— Prov. IV. 23d. Printed.

1677.

Col. Joseph Dudley, Roxbury, lawyer, was born
July 23d, 1647.* He graduated at Harvard in 1665 ;
was Representative 1673 to '5, and from 1676 to 1686 ;
an Assistant, when he was appointed President of Mas-
sachusetts and New Hampshire. In 1682 and '9, he
went to England, and was deeply engaged in the court
intrigues there, about New England aflfairs. During
his stay there, he was eight years Deputy Governor of
the Isle of Wight. He returned, with a commission
from Queen Anne as Governor of Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, in which office he remained until No-
vember, 1715. He died at Roxbury, April 2d, 1720,
aged 72. His brother, Paul, joined the Ar. Co. with

* Allen's Biography says, Sept. 23, 1647.

200

him. From his having the title of Captain when he first
joined, I conclude he was Captain of militia in Roxbury.
I suppose he obtained the rank of Major and Colonel
in the British army. He was agent for the colony to
England in 1 682, jointly with Major Richards, and re-
turned Oct. 23d, 1683.

The following appeared in the Boston News Letter,
April, 1720:*

"On Saturday, 2d current, died the very honorable Joseph Dudley,
Esq, at his seat in Roxbury, in the 73d year of his age, being born
Sept. 23d, 1647 ; and on Friday, Sth current, he was interred in the
sepulchre of his father, with all the honor and respect his country
was capable of doing him ; there being two regiments of foot, with
two troops of horse in arms ; and while his funeral was passing, the
guns at his Majesty's Castle William were fired ; and on the occasion
all the bells of the town of Boston were tolled. There attended at
th6 funeral, the members of his Majesty's Council, in Boston and
the neighboring towns ; a great number of Justices of the Peace,
Ministers, gentlemen, merchants and others.

" Gov. Dudley was the son of the Hon. Thomas Dudley, Esq, (for
many years Governor of Neio England,) and the son of his old age,
being born after his father was seventy years old. During his child-
hood, he was under the care of his excellent mother, and the Rev.
Mr. Allen, the Minister of Dedham, who married her. He was educat-
ed at the free school in Cambridge, under the famous master Corlet;
from thence he went to the College in Cambridge, and there took
his degrees in the Presidentship of Mr. Chauncey. The first of his
public appearance for his country's service, was in the Narragansett
Indian war, 1675. In 16S6, the government of the Massachusetts
Colony being changed to a President and Council, he had a commis-
sion to command in chief; and after the arrival of Andross in the
government of New England, New York, &c, he continued Presi-
dent of the Council and Chief Justice. In 1690, he had a commis-
sion of Chief Justice of New York. In 1693, he went a third time
for England. While in England, he had the honor to serve as a
member of the House of Commons for the borouh of Newton, on
the Isle of Wight; but, staying in England till his Majesty's death,
he was obliged to get his commission renewed from Queen Anne,
with which he arrived at Boston, June 11th, 1702, and was received

* There are some discrepaacies in dates.

201

with great respect and affection, and continued in the government
until November, 1715.

" Having been educated at Harvard College, he always retained
for his Alma Mater an affectionate regard. It was, no doubt, fortu-
nate for this institution that so warm a friend to it had so much
power in the country, after the Province Charter was annulled in 1686.

" He was a man of rare endowments and shining accomplishments,
a singular honor to his country. He was early its darling, always
its ornament, and in his age its crown. The scholar, the divine, the
philosopher, and the lawyer, — all met in him. Under his adminis-
tration, we enjoyed great quietness, and were safely steered through
along and difficult Indian and French war. His country have once
and again thankfully acknowledged his abilities and fidelity in their
addresses to the throne. He truly honored and loved the religion,
learning and virtue of New England ; and was himself a worthy
patron and example of them all."

Dudley was of the moderate party in 1680, supposing
it best to acquiesce in the surrender of the old charter,
and wait for circumstances. This paved the way for
his agency, but being unsuccessful, he lost his election
as an Assistant, and Richards also, in 1684. In his first
visit to England, when he found he could not serve his
country, by obtaining a confirmation of the old charter,
he served himself, and became a prominent candidate
for the Chief Magistracy. The idea of having a New
England man, bred and born, was a circumstance that
gave him many friends — an advantage he knew well
how to use. It is probable that to the politic use he
made of it, he owed his appointment as President. We
again find him as one of Andross's Council, on the next
change or revolution of affairs, and, with Lieut. Gov.
Stoughton, one of the Judges of the Superior Court of
Massachusetts, and with him was opposed to the wishes
of this Council as to quit-rents, or, rather, Andross's
attack upon the people's title to their real estates.
Otherwise, he kept in with Andross's party, and so man-
aged as to keep up a friendly correspondence with the
infamous Randolph.

202

AVlien Andross's government was overturned by the
people, Dudley, one of the most obnoxious to them,
Avas arrested and kept a close prisoner a long time, and
the Representatives in General Court decided his of-
fence was such that he was not bailable ; and they sent
up to the Council of Safety heads of charges against him
and others.

'•' Mr. Dudley* is in a peculiar manner the object of the people's
displeasure ; even throughout all the Colonies, where he hath sat as
Judge, they deeply resent his correspondence with that wicked man
Randolph, for overturning the government. The Governor and
Council, though they have done their utmost to procure his enlarge-
ment, yet cannot prevail, but the people will have him in the jail ;
and when he hath been by order turned out, by force and tumult
they fetch him in."

He says himself, in a letter to Cotton Mather, June 1st :

" I am told that this morning is the last opportunity for rolling
away the stone from the mouth of this sepulchre, where I am buried
alive," &c.

And to Gov. Bradstreet, September 12th :

"After twenty weeks' unaccountable imprisonment, and many
barbarous usages offered me, I have now to complain, that on Mon-
day the whole day I could be allowed no victuals till nine o'clock at
night, when the keeper's wife offered to kindle her own fire to warm
something for me, and the Corporal expressly commanded the fire
to be put out."

On his third visit to England, we find him endeavor-
ing to take advantage of complaints from the Province,
and supplant Gov. Phips, whom he caused to be arrest-
ed in England, and held to bail in £20,000.

In 1706, Dudley became very unpopular, having
negatived Thomas Oakes as Speaker of the House, and
beinof accused of encouracrinor an illicit trade with the
French possessions in North America. The famous

* Lieut. Gov. Danforth to I. IMather.

203

Bank party were his opposers, and wished his removal.
He met the Assembly at the election, May, 1715, for
the last time, but made no speech, as he was usually
wont. Hutchinson says :

" No New England man had passed through more scenes of busy
life than Mr. Dudley. He was educated for the ministry, and if va-
rious dignities had been known in the New England churches, pos-
sibly he had lived and died a clergyman : but, without this, nothing
could be more dissonant from his genius. He soon turned his
thoughts to civil affairs. Ambition was the ruling passion, and per-
haps, like Cffisar, he had rather be the first man in New England
than second in Old. Few men have been pursued by their enemies
with greater virulence, and few have been supported by their friends
with greater zeal. We have seen a second generation inherit the
spirit of their ancestors, the descendants on one side preserving an
affection for his family and posterity, and on the other, retaining
equal disaffection against them. He applied himself with the greatest
diligence to the business of his station. The affairs of the war, and
other parts of his administration, were conducted with good judg-
ment. In economy he excelled, both in public and private life. He
supported the dignity of a Governor without the reproach of parsi-
mony, and yet, from the moderate emoluments of his post, made an
addition to his paternal estate. The visible increase of his sub-
stance made some incredible reports of gross bribery and corrup-
tion to be easily received ; but, in times when party spirit prevails,
what will not a Governor's enemies believe, however injurious and
absurd?"

" Some of Gov. Dudley's descendants," says Farmer, " claim their
descent from John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland, beheaded by
order of Queen Mary, August 22d, 1053, aged 51 ; but the evi-
dence in Dugdale's Antiquities of Warwickshire, and Camden's
Remains, is conclusive against such descent."

Paul Dudley, Esq, Roxbury, was a younger brother
of Joseph; born at Roxbury, vSept. 8th, 1650, when the
venerable Gov. Thomas, his father, was 73 years old.
He married Mary, daughter of Gov. Leverett, and died
in 1681. He was Register of Probate. i\either he nor
his brother preceding ever sustained, any office in tlie
Ar. Co. He was a member of the Old South Church.

204

WiALiAM Davis, Boston ; youngest son of Capt.
William, Ar. Co. 1643, and brother of Maj. Benjamin,
Ar. Co. 1673. Member of the Old South Church.

Henry Powning, Boston ; born 1654 ; son of Henry,
of Boston, freeman 1644.

Joshua Atwater. There was a Joshua Atwater,
Assistant, or magistrate of New Haven in 1653, and of
Connecticut in 1658.

Lieut. John Barnard, Boston ; son of Mathew, Ar.
Co. 1660, and born in Boston, Sept. 29th, 1654. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. after its revival in 1696 ; Lieutenant
1700.* He was father of Rev. John, Har. Col. 1700.

Benjamin Allen, Charlestown.

Capt. James Hill, Boston ; probably son of John,
Ar. Co. 1647. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1685. A
member of the Old South Church, and elected Deacon
Nov. 24th, 1693.

We here insert a copy of a military commission, un-
der the old charter government :

" The Generall Court of the Massachusetts Jurisdiction in New
England.

" To William Dixie, Captaine, &c. Whereas you are chosen and
allowed to be Captaine of the ffoot Military Company of Beverly, in
the County of Essex, in New England. These are therefore to will
and require you to take care and charge of the said Company as
their Captaine, and diligently to intend the service thereof, and ex-
ercise the Inferior officers and Soldiers thereof in peace and warr for
the service of this Commonwealth, commanding them to Obey you
as their Captaine for the service of this Commonwealth, and you to
observe and obey all such orders and directions as from time to
time you shall receive from your Major, or other superior officer or
authority of this Commonwealth. Dated in Boston, the 10th day of
October, 1G77.

" By the Court. Edwakd Rawson, Secretary."

* There being no regular military roster of the Prnvince preserved, I have
greatly felt the loss of such a document. No doubt in this case, as in many
others, higher offices were sustained by individuals.

205

The colonists aimed, undoubtedly, at independence,
and were unwilling to admit the interference of the King
in their internal concerns. To show more clearly this
sentiment by the diflerence of phraseology, we give the
copy of a commission from the President and Council,
after the old charter was vacated :

" The President and Council of his Majestie's Territory and Do-
minion of New England, in America.

"To Jonath. Danforth, Gent. Captain of the Company of foot
trained Souldgers in the Towne of Bellrica in ye County of Middlesex.

" In his Majestie's name, — You are required to take into your
care and charge the said Company of Trained souldgers, and the
said Company to manage, command, and conduct in Peace and
Warr according to the directions of Law, and usual methods of dis-
cipline ; who are all required to yield all ready obedience accord-
ingly ; and you are in all things to attend such directions and orders
as shall from time to time be given to you from your Major Generall,
or any other your superior officer.

" By order of the President and Councill.

" Ed. Randolph, Sec'y.

"Given at the Councill house in Boston, July ye 3d, 1G86."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1677, by Josiah Flint,
Dorchester— Heb. II. 10th.

1678.

Nathaniel Elkin.

Maj. Humphrey Liscomb, Boston, merchant. Will
dated July 16th, 1688. Inventory £2704 8 0. One of
the founders of King's Chapel, in 1686.

William White, Boston, a merchant of enterprise
and wealth, born in 1646. A founder of King's Chapel.

Col. Samuel Checkley, Boston, physician and sur-
geon, son of Capt. Anthony, Ar. Co. 1662, and an offi-
cer of the militia in Boston. After the revolution, which
overturned Andross's government, he was actively en-
gaged in reviving the Ar. Co., was elected its Lieuten-

206

ant 1694, Captain in 1700, and must have long continued
an active member. He was Major of Boston regiment
1702, in 1706 Lieut. Colonel, and 1710 Colonel, which
office he held two years. When he died I have been
unable to ascertain, except that his will was dated Jan-
uary, 1711, and proved July 1st, 1712. I conclude he
died while Colonel of the regiment. A member of the
Old South Church.

Capt. Thomas Smith, Concord, probably.

John Fay.

Benjamin Thwing, Boston, joiner ; member of the
Old South Church 1642; freeman 1645; was a prin-
cipal proprietor of Watertown, and probably of Con-
cord, and supposing him only 21 when freeman, he
would be only 54 years old when he joined. In the
early settlement men possessed the vigor of youth* even
at an advanced age.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1678, by Samuel Nowel —
Genesis XIV. 14th. Printed.

1679.

Samuel Ravens croft, Boston, married Dionysia,
daughter of Maj. Thomas Savage, the charter member.
He was a founder of King's Chapel, 1686.

CoL. Charles Lidget, Boston ; died in London, in
1698. He appears to have been in Boston during An-
dross's government, and is mentioned by Hutchinson.
He derived his military title in England. One of the
founders of King's Chapel, 1686.

CoL. Joseph Parsons, Springfield, 1646; died Oct.
9th, 1683.

*Gov. Thomas Dudley's son Joseph, born when he was 70, and his son Paul,
when 73, at least ; and Savage chosen Commander two jears after this, when
much older.

207

Benjamin Mountfort, Boston, merchant. Will dated
Oct. 21st, 1713, proved Sept. 7th, 1714. He probably
lived at the corner of Ann and Sun-court streets, a place
long known and called Mountfort's corner. Father of
John, Ar. Co. 1697.

Maj. Thomas Smith.

Col. Nathaniel Byfield, Boston, 1674, lawyer, son
of Rev. Richard B. of Long Ditton, in Sussex, and the
youngest of twenty-one children, was born in 1653. He
came to Boston 1674, was a proprietor and one of the
settlers of Bristol, in the Narragansett country, which he
represented in 1693 and other years, and was Speaker.
He was repeatedly elected into the Council. He ob-
tained a commission, in 1703, as Judge of the Vice
Admiralty for the Provinces of Massachusetts Bay, New
Hampshire and Rhode Island, which he received in
April, 1704, and continued in that office until 1715.
That year he went to England, to endeavor to supplant
Gov. Dudley, but wanted interest. Having been re-
proved by Dudley, in Council, for some alleged errors
in judicial proceedings, injuriously, he was ever after in
opposition to him, which Dudley revenged by negativ-
ing his election as Councillor. He was a Judge of the
Common Pleas for Bristol county thirty-eight years;
appointed by Gov. Belcher, being one of his favorites,
with E. Cooke, jr, in 1730, Judge of the Common Pleas
in Suffolk, in the room of Col. Hutchinson and Col.
Dudley, removed. In 1729, he was again appointed
Judge of the Vice Admiralty. He died at Boston, June
6th, 1733, aged 79.

Hon. David Waterhouse, Esq, Boston. Watterhouse
on the old roll. One of the Council of Safety, 1689.

Robert Jones.

John Cotta, Boston, tailor. Will proved Jan. 6th,
1728. He was active in the revival of the Ar. Co.

208

1690, and held a commission in the militia, but, as the
Council records were burnt in 1747, we are not able to
say of what grade. All military officers were appointed
under the provincial charter by the Governor and Coun-
cil. His son John, Ar. Co. 1698.

Samuel Bridge, Charlestown; born 1643.

Ensign Obadiah Gill, Boston, shipwright. Inven-
tory April 1st, 1702.

Major Samuel Sewall, Boston, bookseller ; son of
Henry ; born at Bishop-Stoke, in England, 28th March,
1652; came to New England in 1661 ; graduated at
Harvard College 1671 ; admitted freeman 1678. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1683 ; assisted in its revival in 1690,
and was Captain in 1701. He was Captain of militia
in Boston; Major of the regiment, 1675-6. He mar-
ried Hannah, only child of Capt. John Hull, Mint-
master, Ar. Co. 1660, by whom he received £30,000.
Among his children was the Rev. Joseph, Pastor of the
Old South Church, whom he lived to see settled there,
and who, by shedding tears profusely during his prayers,
gained the name of " iveeping apostle ;" and another son,
Major Samuel, Ar. Co. 1718.

He was an Assistant under the old charter, 1684-6,
and of the old and new Council, 1689, and 1692 to 1725,
being the last survivor of the first named Councillors.
He was Judge of the Superior Court, 1692 ; Chief Jus-
tice 1718 ; Judge of Probate for Suffolk 1715 — which
offices he held to his death. In 1692, while Judge, he
was at first strongly inclined against the persons tried
for witchcraft ; but he became sensible of his error, and
at a public fast gave in to his minister (Old South) a
note, " acknowledging his error in the late proceedings,
and desiring to humble himself in the sight of God and
his people." In 1721, he entered his dissent to a de-
claration of war against the Eastern Indians. He was

209

<'a good friend to the aboriginals of every tribe, not
from mere humanity and compassion, but he was much
inchned to think they were part of the ancient people
of God, and that the ten tribes, by some means or other,
had strolled into America. He was a Commissioner for
propagating the Gospel among them, and with his own
substance built them a synagogue, and did many other
charitable acts."

In a letter to his son, who enquired of his aged father
respecting their genealogy, he says :

" Mr. Henry Sewall, my great-grandfather, was a linen draper in
the city of Coventry, in Great Britain. He acquired a great estate,
was a prudent man, and Mayor of the city. Henry Sewall, my
grandfather, was his eldest son, who oute of dislike to the English
hierarchy sent over his only son, my father, Mr. Henry Sewall,
to N. E. in the year 1634, with net cattel and provisions suitable
for a new plantation. On 25th March, 1G46, Richard Salton-
stall joined together in marriage my father and my mother, Mrs.
Jane Dummer, my mother about 19 years old. Your fathers, where
are they ? In 1674 I took my second degree, (at H. Coll.) and Mrs.
HcUinah Hull,* my dear wife, saio mc when I took my degrees, and
set her affections on mc : though I knew nothing of it till after our
marriage, which was February 28th, 1675-6. Gov. Bradstreet mar-
ried us."

He died at Boston, Jan. 30th, 1 730, in his 78th year.
The Boston News Letter of Jan. 8th, 1730, says:

" After a month's languishment, died at his residence here, the
Hon. Samuel Sewall, Esq, who has for above forty years appeared a
great ornament of his town and country. He was early chosen a
tutor and fellow at Cambridge College, after taking his degree, but
did not long reside there, on account of his marriage within a year,
In the disorderly time of Sir E. Andross's government, towards the
end of 1688, he went a voyage to England ; upon his landing there,
met the surprising news of the happy revolution, and returned here
the following year."

" He was universally beloved among us for his eminent piety,

* The rich heiress. What an excitement to the future orators, on Commence-
ment day !

210

learning, and wisdom, his grave and venerable aspect and carriage,
his instructive, affable and cheerful conversation, — his strict integrity
and regard of justice," — which, with many other excellences, ren-
dered him " worthy of a distinguishing regard in the New England
histories."

" He lived happily with the wife of his youth about forty-three
years, who died Oct, 19th, 1717. He afterwards married Mrs. Abi-
gail Tilley, and Mrs. Mary Gibbs, who is now a mourning widow.
He had issue only by the first, — seven sons and seven daughters. His
understanding continued with him to his last hours. He died in
peace, and yesterday was honorably interred."

James Townsend, Boston, housewright, (his inven-
tory, 1707-8, says trader,) brother of Col. Penn, born
1646.

William Sumner, Dorchester ; freeman 1637; Rep-
resentative 1658, and twelve other years. He had sev-
eral sons. Gov. Increase Sumner, of Roxbury, was a
descendant, and his son, Gen. Wm. H. Sumner, Ar. Co.
1819; also, Thomas W. Sumner, Esq, Ar. Co. 1792.

CoL. John Foster, Boston, merchant ; freeman
1682 ; derived his military title in England. He came
from Ailsbury, in England, shortly before he joined the
Ar. Co., and had a great share in the management of
affairs from 1689 to 1692. He was one of Dudley's
Council, the Council of Safety, and the first Council
under the new charter, in which office he continued to
his death, Feb. 9th, 1710-11. Hutchinson says he was
" a wealthy merchant, and of a most fair and unblem-
ished character."

Hon. Edward Bromfield, Esq, poston, merchant;
father of Edward, Ar. Co. 1707, and grandfather of
Edward, Ar. Co. 1732. He was twice married. One,
of his Majesty's Council, a gentleman of great integrity
and singular piety. Bromfield lane (street) derives its
name from him. He died June 2d, 1734, aged 86.
His tomb is in the Chapel ground. A member of the
Old South Church. The New England Journal says:

211

" He was born at Hay ward House, the seat of the family, near
New Forest, in Hampshire, in England, on Jan. 10th, 1G4S-9, — and
baptized in the neighboring church, at Chancroft, on Jan. IGth fol-
lowing ; — served his apprenticeship at London ; soon after, took a
trading voyage to Jamaica, and afterwards to N. E., whither he came
in 1675 ; and finding this then very religious country agreeable to
his pious genius, soon chose it for his own, and to live and die
among us, and in the trade of merchandize.

" He served this town in many offices. Even in the time of our
old charter, he was one of the commissioners of the peace and trial
of civil actions under ,£10. In May, 1703, chosen into the Council,
and from that time annually elected till 172S, when being in the 80th
year of his age, his growing infirmities released him from public
business. He joined the church of the Rev. and famous Mr. Doolittle,
about the 17th year of his age ; — entered into a special acquaintance
with the renowned Mr. Baxter, and other eminent confessors of
Christ, — closely attended their ministry with great delight through
all the difficulties of the then reigning persecution.

"Not long after his coming over, he joined himself to the (Old)
South Church in this town, and has been therein a distinguished
ornament. His heart was especially set for the propagation of the
Gospel in ignorant places, supporting ministers of'low salaries, main-
taining charity schools for children, and helping poor and hopeful
scholars to academical learning.

" He turned the pasture behind his house into a very shady grove ;
and in the midst he built an Oratory, where, even in his most flour-
ishing circumstances and height of business, he would several times
a day retire, that he might turn his eyes from beholding vanity. His
temper was very active, cheerful, open-hearted, free and liberal. He
made every one always easy about him, unless he had to do with bold
transgressors, and then he rather wished their reformation than their
punishment. In the education of his children he was exceeding
careful."

Col. Francis Foxcraft, Boston and Cambridge;
father of Rev. Thomas, of Boston. I suppose him to
be the Col. Foxcraft who commanded a regiment raised
against the Indians. He died at Cambridge, December
31st, 1727.

William Pollard, Boston, ordinary keeper; father
of Capt. Jonathan, Ar. Co. 1700, and grandfather of

212

Col. Benjamin, Ar. Co. 1726. He died 1690. A mem-
ber of the Old South Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1679, by Edw. Bulkley,
Concord— 1st Peter, II. 11th.

1680.
Abel Porter, Boston in 1643.

Col. John Phillips, Charlestown ; freeman 1673;
Representative from C. 1683 to '6 ; one of the Council
of Safety, 1689, and Assistant the same year, and one of
the first Council under the new charter till 1716. He
was Judge of the Common Pleas, then styled the Su-
perior Court, the Supreme being the Superior Court,
for Middlesex, and Treasurer of the Province. In 1695
he was a Commissioner to settle a treaty with the Eastern
Indians, when he had the title of Colonel. I suppose
he was Colonel of the first Middlesex Regiment. Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1684, and Captain in 1685 ; and
before his year of command had expired, the meetings
of the Company were suspended upon Andross's arrival.
The Company held their April field-day, and elected a
clergyman to preach their anniversary sermon in June,
1686, but did not parade on that day, or elect any offi-
cers. It appears he did not reassemble the Company
after Andross was deposed, or resume his command on
its revival. Why he neglected, or refused, we are not
now able to conjecture. It does not appear he continu-
ed a member after its revival. He died March 20th,
1725, aged 94.

Lieut. John Oliver, Boston, cooper ; was the son
of John Oliver, the charter member, and born April
15th, 1644. He had six sons and four daughters.*

Stephen Burton.

♦There was a John Oliyer, merchant, whose estate was administered July 21st,
1684, but this, I think, could not mean this person.

213

Lieut. Enoch Greenleaf, Boston, sadler.

John Pell, Boston. I suppose him to be a son of
William, one of the disarmed, and a tallow chandler.

Joseph Greenleaf, Boston ; brother of Enoch, pre-
ceding.

CoL. Giles Dyer, Boston, merchant. Will dated
March 3d, 1713; administration account Pecember
15th, 1726.*

William Towen. I think this should be Toivne, and
was of Cambridge ; probably ancestor of Gen. Towne,
of Charlton, Mass.

Robert Mason, Portsmouth, N. H. He was de-
clared a proprietor of N. H. by Charles II. in 1677,
and by mandamus in 1680. He was a Councillor in
1782, while he resided in Portsmouth. He was named
one of Sir E. Andross's Council, but died in 1686.

James Hawkins, Boston.

Caft. John Nelson, Boston, merchant ; a gallant
young officer, headed the soldiers, and made the second
demand for Andross to surrender. He entered the fort,
although much exposed from within and the battery and
shipping below. Sir Edmund surrendered to him, and
was conducted under guard to Col. J. Usher's house.
"He was of a good family, nearly related to Sir Thomas
Temple, — an enemy to tyrannical government, but an
Episcopalian in principle ; of a gay, free temper, which
prevented his being allowed any share in the adminis-
tration, after it was settled, although he was at the head
of the party to whom the fort and Sir Edmund surren-
dered." He was, however, selected as one of the Coun-
cil of Safety. In the new Council he was omitted.
" Notwithstanding the slight put upon him, yet such was

*The Probate Records are often extremely puzzling. I suppose, from the de-
tached fragments of settlement of estates, that the Registers recorded as little as
they could.

214

the regard for his country, that he ran very great risk
of his Hfe in an attempt to give intelhgence of the de-
signs of the French. He went, not long after, (the
surrender,) upon a trading voyage to Nova Scotia,
where he was taken by a party of French and Indians,
and carried to Quebec." It was here in confinement
he contrived to send a letter of information to the Court
at Boston, which Hutchinson gives at length from their
files, developing the hostile plans of the French in Au-
gust, 1692. He had received a commission from the
Provincial Government of Massachusetts, in 1691, to be
Commander-in-Chief in Acadia, when bound on this
voyage ; but when he came near the River St. John's he
was taken prisoner. He was afterwards carried pris-
oner from Quebec to France, where he was confined in
the Bastile. The influence of Sir Purbeck Temple, his
relative, procured his liberation, after long confinement,
and he was restored to his family, after an absence of
ten or eleven years.

Our puritanical ancestors had very little charity for
their Christian brethren who differed in matters of con-
science or church discipline. It was hard for them to
admit any one who differed from them to a participa-
tion of even the ordinary privileges of free citizens. It
was matter of great complaint, that not more than two
or three who favored Episcopalian worship, were admit-
ted to any share in the administration of affairs, after
the new charter. This resembled their previous con-
duct to the Baptists and Quakers.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1680, by Wilhara Adams,
Dedham— Mark XIV. 50th.

1681.
John Pordage.
Thomas Beavis, Boston; administration 1683.

216

Samuel Breighton, Boston, cooper ; administration
Oct. 21st, 1692.

Capt. Richard Sprague, Charlestown ; son of Capt.
Richard, Ar. Co. 1638, and often a Representative. In
1703, he bequeathed to Har. Col. £400 in money.

Lieut. Nathaniel Reynolds ; son of Nathaniel, Ar.
Co. 1658.

Capt. Joseph Lynde, Charlestown ; son of Thomas ;
born at Charlestown, June 3d, 1636; freeman 1671.
Represented Charlestown 1674, &c. and one of the
Council of Safety, and the first Council under the new
charter, 1692, which office he held many years. He
was active in the revival of the Company, 1690, and
their Lieutenant in 1692. He died at Charlestown,
Jan. 29th, 1727, aged 90. He must have been 46
years old when he joined. He was a gentleman es-
teemed for his integrity.

Capt. Solomon Phips, Charlestown.

Maj. John Cutler, Charlestown, physician ; Rep-
resentative in 1680 and 1682; father of Rev. Dr. Tim-
othy, of Boston. A John Cutler, probably father of
Maj. John, died in Boston, September, 1671, aged 86 ;
and Farmer gives the death of a John, August 17th,
1765, aged 82.

Thaddeus Maccarty, Roxbury, shopkeeper. Grave
stone in the Granary ground says, died June 18th, 1705,
aged 65. An older stone, adjacent, with same name,
says, aged 34 — probably his son. Rev. Thaddeus, of
Kingston and Worcester, was probably a descendant.

Capt. Thomas Barnard, Boston ; born April 4th,
1657 ; son of Mathew, Ar. Co. 1660. He died aged 59.

Capt. John Brookhaven ; Captain in Rhode Island,
1669 ; spelt Brookheven on the old roll.

216

Samuel Worden.

Capt. John Long, Boston, member of the Old South
Church.

Capt. Jonathan FafvNam, Boston, born 1638.
Tho3ias Brinley, Boston, a founder of King's Chapel.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1681, by John Richard-
son, Newbury — Luke III. 14th.

1682,

Capt. Henry Deering, Boston, shopkeeper, suc-
ceeded Barnes as Clerk of the Ar. Co., its Ensign 1693,
Lieutenant 1696. He was engaged in the revival,
1690. He died 1717. Hutchinson, speaking of the
great mortality among old people, says he was buried,
with his wife in the same grave, over 70 years of age.

CoL. John Ballentine, Boston, son of William, born
in Boston, 1653; Representative from Boston in 1726;
a subaltern in the militia about the time he joined the
Ar. Co. ; was soon promoted Captain ; Major of Boston
regiment; Lieut. Colonel 1710; Colonel 1712. After
serving as Orderly, he was elected Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1694, Lieutenant 1697, and twice Captain, 1703,
1710. He was active in promoting its revival, and
from his so frequently being bondsman, continued a
member to his death, which happened April 27th, 1734,
in his 81st year. He was frequently Moderator of Bos-
ton Town Meetings, and held various town ofhces. His
son, Capt. John, was of the Ar. Co. 1694. His inventory
was, real estate, £6725 ; personal, £533 12 5. His
mansion house was near the Mill Bridge.

Edward Smith.

Hon. John Eyre, Esq, Boston, merchant, son of
Simon, of Watertown, was born in Boston, Feb. 19th,
1654. He was one of the ten persons, all members of

217

the Ar. Co. together with Bradstreet, the former Gov-
ernor, Stoughton and one other, thirteen in all, who
signed the first summons sent to Andross to surrender,
when he retired, with his counsel and friends, to the fort
on Fort Hill, for safety. Eyre and Nathaniel Oliver
were the bearers of that summons, which he did not
obey, but on the second demand, by Capt. Nelson,
yielded himself a prisoner. He was chosen one of the
Council of Safety, in 1689, and Representative from
Boston in 1693, '6, '8, '9. He lived in Prison lane,
formerly called Queen, now Court street. He died June
17th, 1700. Inventory £6078 18 0. "This family,"
says Farmer, " is of ancient descent, and may possibly
centre in Simon Eyre, Mayor of London in 1445, who
was son of John, of Brandon, in Sufiblk.

Daniel Taylor.

Michael Williams.

Giles Sylvester.

Thomas Cole.

Capt. John Jacobs, Hingham.

Ebenezer Savage, Boston, upholsterer, thirteenth
child and ninth son of Maj. T. Savage, the charter
member, born at Boston, May 22d, 1660.

Benjamin Savage, Boston, fifteenth child and eleventh
son of Maj. T. Savage, born at Boston, Oct. 1662.

Ebenezer Pierpont, Roxbury, died Dec. 17th, 1696.
Lieut. Thomas Baker, Boston, born 1653.
Lieut. Jonathan Call, Charlestown ; Representa-
tive 1689.

Edward Hunlock.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1682, by Samuel Whit-
ing, Jr. Billerica— Psalms XVIII. 39th.

218

In 1683, it does not appear that any members were
admitted.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1683, by John Hale, Bev-
erly— Judges III. 1st and 2d.

1684.
Lieut. Thomas Oakes, Boston, physician, son of
Edward, of Cambridge, and brother of President Urian ;
was born at Cambridge, June 18th, 1644; graduated at
Harv. College, 1662. He was an officer of the militia.
In 1689, Representative from Boston, and Speaker.
Soon afterwards he went to England as an agent for
Massachusetts, in procuring the new charter. He was
Assistant in 1690, while absent. He sided with Cooke,
Sen'r, to obtain a restitution of the old charter, which
was fruitless ; or for reassuming it, and differed from
I. Mather, but finally joined with him in a petition
for a new charter. In 1703, being again chosen Speaker,
the Governor put his negative on the choice ; but he
continued, notwithstanding, to hold that office. He
was also the same year chosen into the Council, but the
Governor (Dudley) negatived him there also. Probably
he had incurred Dudley's enmity in England. Oakes
seems to have long been the leader of the opposition,
and not a very comfortable antagonist. He was Repre-
sentative again for Boston several years. In 1705 he
was again chosen Speaker, and negatived by Dudley,
who ordered them to proceed to the choice of another
person, but the House refused. As often as he was
elected into the Council he was negatived ; Dudley had
determined to keep him as far off as he could, being
always a thorn in his side. He died at Welfleet, (Cape
Cod,) July 15th, 1719, aged 75.*

*Dunton has some account of his character. See Mass. His. Col. Vol. H. and
Snow's Hist. Doston, p. 178. " I was so happy as to find particular friends in
Boston, whose characters I shall next give you, and I'll begin with Dr. Oakes.

219

William Robie, Boston, wharfinger. Administra-
tion Feb. 3d, 1717.

Roger Kilcup, Boston, master mariner. In his will
he styles himself merchant. His grave-stone, in the
Granary ground, says, " Died Oct. 1st, 1702, aged 52.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1684, by Samuel Cheever,
Marblehead— Heb. II. 10th.

1685.

Thomas Clarke ; probably a grandson of Major
Thomas, Ar. Co. 1638.

Thomas Mallard.

Capt. ThOxMas Hunt, Boston, anchor-smith ; a mili-
tia officer, and zealously engaged in the revival of the
Ar. Co.; elected its Ensign 1695; Lieutenant 1698.
Administration on his estate 1709. A member of the
Old South Church.

Samuel Wakefield, Boston ; son of Samuel, Ar.
Co. 1676.

Ensign Samuel Marshall, Boston, cooper ; en-
gaged in the revival of the Company ; its Ensign in
1698. His will is dated Oct. 25th, 1739 ; proved Feb.
22d, 1742.

Nathaniel Crynes. I believe this surname is wrong
on the old transcribed roll, and that it means Keene, or
Keayne, son of Christopher, of Cambridge, a member of
the church there, who died as early as 1658.

Capt. Thomas Buckley, Boston, merchant.

He is an eminent physician, and a religious man ; at his first coming to a patient
he persuades him to put his trust in God, tlie fountain of heaitii ; the want of this
hath caused the bad snccess of most physicians ; for they that won't acknowledge
God in all their applications, God won't acknowledge them in that success which
they might otherwise expect. He was a great dissenter whilst ho lived in London,
and even in New England retains the piety of the first planters."

220

Artillery Election Sermon, 1685, by Joshua Moodey,
Boston-^ Prov. XVI. 32d.

1686.
Stephen Mason. I can find no trace of such a per-
son, unless he was one of the first Council under the
new charter. Hutchinson says he was " a merchant in
London, a zealous man in the cause of New England."
I suppose, therefore, he might, in the way of business,
have been in Boston this year, and joined the Company,
and having a full knowledge of the state of affairs here,
returned and advocated the interest of the colony.

Francis Burroughs, Boston, bookseller. Dunton
says, " he heaped more civilities on me than I can
reckon up." His will was proved Dec. 11th, 1713. A
member of the Old South Church.

Duncan Campbell, Boston, bookseller. Dunton calls
him the " Scotch bookseller — very industrious, dresses
all-a-mode, and 1 am told a young lady of great fortune
is fallen in love with him." Administration July 31st,
1702 — wherein he is styled merchant. His estate was
insolvent, paying only eight shillings in the pound.

The following statement exhibits the succession of
Major Generals, called Sergeant Major General, from
the first appointment of such an officer to the arrival of
Andross, 1686 :

John Humfrey, appointed 1641 John Leverett, elected 1663

Thomas Dudley, elected 1644 Richard BclUngham, " 1664

John Endicott, " 1645 Humphrey Atherton, " 1665

Edward Gibbons, " 1649 John Leverett, re-elected 1666

Robert Sedgwick, " 1652 Edward Tyng, elected 1671

Daniel Dennison, " 1653 Daniel Gookin, " 1681

The Sergeant-majors of Boston Regiment, from the
origin of the office, 1644, to its abolition, April, 1689,
under the new charter, were :

221

Edward Gibbons, elected 1644 Thomas Clarke, elected 1673
Humphrey Atherton, " 1649 John Richards, " 1683

Eleazer Lusher, " 1665 Elisha Hutchinson, " 16S9

In 1680, the Suffolk, Middlesex and Essex Regiments
were divided into two.

There was no Artillery Sermon in 1686, nor any
preached again till 1691. There was no General Court
during Andross's government, and therefore no Court
Sermon for 1687 and 1688.

Sir Edmund Andross, who arrived 1674, at New York, with a
commission as Governor of that Colony — which he had obtained
through the Duke of York, afterwards King James II, and to whom
he was subservient in all things — was appointed Governor of New
England in 16S6, and arrived in Boston Dec. 19th. A commission
had been given to Dudley, with a Council of twenty-eight, but was
of short duration. In 1688, Andross's commission was enlarged by
the addition of New York. He entered upon the discharge of the
duties of his office with a strong prejudice against the people of Mas-
sachusetts, and exhibited his arbitrary temper by removing from
office the magistrates under the old charter, and overturning most of
the institutions of the first settlers of New England. The last re-
cords of the State, under the old charter, appear to be May 12th,
1686. Such was the baseness of his government, that the people
were universally dissatisfied, and despised him and his confidential
associates. So sensible was he of this, that, by some means at this
day unknown, he, or his Secretary Randolph, destroyed or stole all
the records of his administration, and there is now no trace of them,
or even a single paper relative thereto, left in the office of the
Secretary.

The Company must have held meetings in the beginning of the
year 1686, as several members appear to have been admitted ; but
they did not celebrate their anniversary in June, by electing new
officers ; probably by the order of Andross, or his associates in the
government, the meetings were suppressed before that day had ar-
rived, and during his administration, and no members were admitted
until its revival, 1690.

The expectation of a revolution in England, in favor of William
and Mary, was the only solace of the people. Their dearest rights
and interest were invaded, their religion threatened, their titles to
'real estate questioned; and even the solemn rites of marriage in-

222

fringed. From the friends of William and Mary, who were the
friends of tlie Colony, they expected better things. They anticipated
so much that, upon the first rumor that the Prince of Orange had
prevailed in England, all was commotion; the people assembled
simultaneously from every part of Boston by the sound of a trumpet,
and the sympathy of the country adjacent was seen in an universal
rush towards Boston. The old magistrates, to prevent excesses and
preserve some degree of order amidst the fermentation, headed the
people, and cautiously took measures to assume the government
until they should hear from England.

As soon as the transports of the populace had subsided, the old
magistrates proceeded to administer the affairs of government and
provide for the common safety. A Council of Safety was organized.
The new charter granted by William and Mary did not arrive until
May 14th, 1691, and the government was not regularly organized
under it until June 8th, 1692. Although this charter differed in many
respects from the old, yet the remembrance of their sufferings under
the arbitrary government of Andross, and the popularity of those
chosen to administer the new, made the people content under it, and
they became more and more attached to it, until the conduct of the
mother country produced the glorious revolution. The tenacious
affection for the old forms, and the universal distress occasioned by
the depreciated currency, and wild schemes relative to banks, cre-
ated parties, and kept up excitement ; but the Province flourished,
notwithstanding numerous Indian and foreign wars.

The earliest attention of the new government was drawn toward
the organization of the militia ; for, on the 20th April, 1689, they
appointed Hon. Wait Winthrop Major General of the Province, and
S. Shrimpton Colonel of the Boston Regiment. The titles of Ser-
geant Major General and Sergeant-major were abolished.

No regular field-day of the Company was held until the first Mon-
day of April, 1691, when (the old officers having died or left the
Company,) Col. Elisha Hutchinson was chosen to command until
the succeeding anniversary. A Lieutenant, Ensign and Sergeants
were also chosen, and Dr. Cotton Mather to preach the next Election
Sermon. From this time to the commencement of our Revolution-
ary war, the Ar. Co. held their meetings, and performed field duty
with great regularity, except the autumn of 1721, when the meet-
ings were omitted, " in consequence of the General Assembly at
their last session having forbid all training and trooping in Boston,
by reason of the vast number of people exercised with the small-
pox." The exertions to revive the Company were attended with
great success, and the admission of many whose public characters

223

and services served to add lustre to the distinguished reputation it
had before sustained.

1691.

Lieut. Samuel Lynde, Boston ; son of Simon, Ar.
Co. 1658.

Robert Comby.

Lieut. Thomas Willis.

Timothy Wadsworth, Boston, gun-smith ; probably
a son of Capt. Samuel, who was killed by the Indians
at Sudbury, April 18th, 1676, and consequently a brother
of Rev. Benja. Wadsworth, President of Har. College.

Lieut. Thomas Gushing, Boston ; Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1709; Representative from Boston 1724 to
1734. A member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Joseph Hill, Boston, varnisher ; died 1727,
aged 80.

Timothy Pratt.

John Clough, Boston.

William Payne, Boston, merchant. He was brother-
in-law of the celebrated Elisha Cooke, jr ; and, being
attached to his party, upon their removing John White
from the office of Clerk of the House of Representatives
for party reasons, in 1721, was elected to that station.
He was Representative from Boston in 1715, '16. He
was a donor to Harvard College, where he graduated,
1689. Paine on the catalogue.

John Adams, Boston, maltster; son of Samuel A. of
Braintree. Administration Feb. 16th, 1702. Member
of the Old South Church.

Lieut. Daniel Powning, Boston, shop-keeper ; Dea-
con of the New South Church ; died in 1735.

Lieut. William Gibbins, Boston, shop-keeper. Ad-

224

ministration August 16th, 1711. A will was afterwards
found. He was father to John, Ar. Co. 1711, and al-
though there is some slight variation in the surname,
undoubtedly a descendant of Maj. Gen. Gibbons, a
charter member.

James Cornish.

Ensign John Kilby, Boston; Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1705. Member of the Old South Church.

Ensign Timothy Thornton, Boston ; Representa-
tive 1693, '4, '5.

Samuel Marion, Boston, tailor. Will dated April
18th, 1726; proved August 13th, 1726.

John Marion, Jr, Boston, cordwainer ; brother of
the preceding. Deacon of the first Church. Adminis-
tration Jan. 15th, 1727-8.

Ensign John Dyar, Boston, iron-monger; eldest son
of John.

Benjamin Dyar, Boston, shop-keeper ; brother of the
preceding. Will proved March 9th, 1718.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1691, by Cotton Mather,
Boston — Isaiah II. 4th. Printed.

1692.

Maj. Gen. Wait Winthrop, Boston, physician ; son
of Gov. John, of Connecticut, grandson of Gov. John,
of Massachusetts ; born in Boston, Feb. 27th, 1641-2,
His name in the family genealogy, or baptismal name,
was PVaiistill, which he varied for some unknown reason.
He married Mary, daughter of Hon. William Brown,
of Salem, the Assistant. His great grandson, by his
youngest grandson, John Still, Thomas L. Lieut. Gov.
of Massachusetts, died in 1841.

He was one of the Council appointed by King James
II. 1685, to advise Sir E. Andross ; Chief Justice of the

225

Superior Court of Massachusetts ; Judge of Admiralty
for N. York, Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rliode Island,
and N. Hampshire ; one of the Council of Safety, 1689,
by the title of " A Council for the safety of the people,
and conservation of the peace." In 1689 he was an
Assistant, and in 1692 one of the first Council under
the new charter, and continued to be annually elected
until his death. The title of Major is given him while
in Connecticut — probably he was an officer in their
militia. April 20th, 1639, he was appointed sole Major
General of Massachusetts, which office he also held to
his decease. Hutchinson says : " Mr. Winthrop was
a good sort of a man, and although he was of a genius
rather inferior to either of his ancestors, yet he was
populaj;, and the party against Mr. (Joseph) Dudley
wished to have him Governor. Winthrop was a plain,
honest man." He was one of the. old Council, who had
drawn up and sent to England a narrative of the pro-
ceedings of Sir Edmund, and was chosen agent, in the
room of Sir H. Ashurst, for the colony, and was ready to
embark when the news of Gov. Dudley's appointment
arrived, and prevented his voyage.

Captain of the Ar. Co. the year he joined, which is
the second instance known, and the first duly authen-
ticated. By profession he was a physician, and as such
was celebrated for his skill ; he practised extensively,
but gratis, finding his own medicines. Savage's list of
Assistants, Addenda of Winthrop, says, he died Nov.
7th, 1717, aged 75. Farmer says, he died Sept. 7th,
and with this most other accounts I have seen agree.
His tomb-stone, the same with his grandfather, says
aged 76, in the Chapel ground. In his inventory is
contained, his coach, two horses and harness, £30 ;
silver plate, £115 10 ; farm at Billerica, £200 ; half an
acre of land in Boston, £100; Elizabeth Islands,
£2000 ; stock " in slaves and salt-works," (carried out

226

nothing,) — whole amount of inventory, £3027 18 8. A
member of the Old South Church.

Joseph Belknap, Jr, Boston, leather dresser ; son of
Joseph, Ar. Co. 1658. Will dated Dec. 22d, 1715;
proved June 13th, 1716. He held a militia commission.
A member of the Old South Church.

Gibson Fav^^er. This name maybe an abbreviation
oi Fairiueather ; — there was a Capt. Fairweather, noted
in the wars with the Eastern Indians, soon after.

William Keine, Boston ; possibly a descendant of
Capt. Robert Keayne, founder of the Ar. Co.

David Norton.

Samuel Lilley, Boston. This was probably«the son
of the person about whose burial Deacon Frary made
such a fuss, — see Frary, Ar. Co. 1666, — and whose
mother married Edward Bromfield, Ar. Co. 1679.

Capt. Adam Winthrop, Boston, merchant; in the

former edition Col. , son of Adam Winthrop, Ar.

Co. 1642, and grandson of Gov. John. He graduated
at Har. Col. 1668. Captain of militia. There were
three companies of militia in Boston, April, 1689,
which assembled on the revolution of Andross's govern-
ment ; Winthrop commanded one, Shrimpton and Nich-
olas Paige the other two.* He was Representative of
Boston 1689, 1691, '2 ; Councillor under the new char-
ter, 1692, and continued to be elected to his death, Au-
gust 30th, 1700, aged 52. He hes buried in the family
tomb, in the Chapel ground. He was also a Judge of
the Superior Court, 1692.

Joseph Winthrop, Boston ; son of General Wait
Winthrop.

* There were but four companies of militia in Boston as late as the Revolution-
ary War.

227

Hon. Addington Davenport, Esq, Boston ; gradu-
ated at Har. Col. 1689; Representative 1711, '12, '13.
In 1714 he was appointed one of the Trustees of " Bills
of Credit," and in 1715, one of the Commissioners for
keeping the great seal, public records and files. He
was appointed a Judge of the Superior Court in 1715,
in which office he continued to 1735. He died the
next year, aged 66. •

John Win slow, Boston, merchant ; son or grandson
of Gov. Edward ; born in 1665. He brought the Prince
of Orange's declaration to New England, from Nevis,
in Feb. 1689, for which he was imprisoned by Sir E.
Andross, although he offered £2000 security. I sup-
pose him to be one of the four purchasers of the tract of
land on Kennebec river, called the Plymouth Company.
(See Brattle and Tyng.) A member of the Old South
Church.

Lieut. John Keech, Boston, merchant. Inventory
Feb. 1st, 1696.

Lieut. Edmund Browne.

Robert Gibbs, Boston ; member of the Old South
Church, and son of Capt. Benjamin, Ar. Co. 1666.

Ensign John More, Boston.

Joseph Briscoe, Boston ; member of the Old South.

James Thornbury.

Hezekiah Henchman, Boston, bookseller ; son of
Capt. Daniel, Ar. Co. 1675.

Thomas Jackson.

John Borland, Boston, merchant. He was the
" noted merchant," who was supposed to be principally
concerned, with Gov. Dudley's connivance, in 1706, in
trading with the French, then at war, at Nova Scotia
and Canada, and with others was brought to trial before

228

the whole Court, found guilty, and sentenced to a fine
of £1 000, and three months' imprisonment. The Court
finally punished him the most severe of any concerned,
by a fine of £1 100. This proceeding was not approved
of by the Queen, and the fines were ordered to be re-
funded. A member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Nathaniel Hall.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1692, by John Bailey,
Watertown.

1693.

Moses Draper, Boston, merchant. Inventory March
29th, 1715.

Samuel Wentworth, Boston ; member of the Old
South Church.

Col. Thomas Savage, Jr, Boston, merchant ; son of
Lieut. Col. Thomas, Ar. Co. 1665 ; born at Boston,
August 2d, 1668; was Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1701 ;
Lieutenant 1703 ; Captain 1705. His inventory, April
15th, 1721, contains the following, viz: Brick house
and land in Dock square, £1400 ; brick house in Union
street, £500 ; wooden house, £730 ; other lands, &c. —
total real estate, £2830 ; real and personal, £3899. A
member of the Old South Church.

CoL. Nicholas Paige, Chelsea, then called Rumney
Marsh; merchant; came from Plymouth, in England.
He married Ann Cole, grand-daughter and heiress of
Capt. Robert Keayne, for his first v/ife. In 1659-60,
the General Court had " granted 500 acres of land to
Ann Cole, grand-daughter of Robert Keayne, in conse-
quence of his liberal donations to the country. '^^ Keayne's
estate was not finally settled until after this marriage.
They joined in a will, proved Jan. 3d, 1717. She died
before him, and he then married Gov. Dudley's sister.

229

He was witness to certain articles of peace with the
Narragaiisctts, dated July 15th, 1075, when he probably
held the office of Ensign in the expedition. He was
Captain of one of the three companies of militia in Bos-
ton, which rallied immediately on the attempt to over-
throw Andross's government, April, 1689. He was
elected Captain of the Ar. Co. 1695. When he obtain-
ed the title of Colonel I cannot say.

Lieut. Nathaniel Holmes, Boston, joiner.

Ensign Samuel Phillips, Boston, bookseller. In
his will, proved Oct. 3 1st, 1720, he is styled merchant.
Gillman Phillips, Ar. Co. 1714, was his son. He had
also a son Henry. His daughter Hannah married Ha-
bijah Savage, Ar. Co. 1699, and daughter Faith mar-
ried Arthur Savage, Ar. Co. 1738. A member of the
Old South Church.*

James Fowles. Foicley in the former edition.

John Combs ; supposed to be John Conney, Boston,
tailor. Will proved Jan. 23d, 1709. There was a John
Coombe, member of Old South Church, Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1693, by John Danforth,
Dorchester.

1694.

Thomas Phillips, Boston, shopkeeper. Will dated
August 16th, proved Sept. 9th, 1734.

Joseph Allen.

Col. Thomas Hutchinson, Boston, merchant ; son
of Col. Elisha, Ar. Co. 1670; born Jan. 30th, 1674, at
Boston, and father of Gov. Thomas, the historian of

*Dunton calls liim his old correspondent, and says: "He treated ine with a
noble dinner, and (if I may trust my eyes) is blessed with a pretty, obliging wife;
I'll say that for Sam, (after dealing with him for some hundred pounds,) he is
very just, and (as an effect of that,) very thriving. I shall add to his character,
that he is young and witty, and the most beautiful man in the town of Boston."

230

Massachusetts. An officer of the miUtia in Boston, and
rose to command that regiment. Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1699; Lieutenant 1701 ; Captain twice, 1704 and 1718,
and was a valuable member for many years.

He was Representative from Boston, 1708 to 1714,
then chosen into the Council, and continued annually
elected, except two years, until his death, Dec. 3d, 1739,
aged 65. He lived in the mansion house afterwards
occupied by his son while Governor, and recently occu-
pied by William Little, Esq, in North square. " Re-
gardless of the frowns of a Governor, or the threats of
the people, he spoke and voted according to his judg-
ment, attaching himself to no party further than he
found their measures tended to promote the public in-
terest." He was violently opposed to the emission of
paper money, in 1713 and 1714. " He was an enemy,
all his life, to a depreciating currency, upon a principle
very ancient, but too seldom practiced upon, nil utile
quod non honestum.''^ At length, after a long struggle,
the party for a public bank prevailed in the General
Court for a loan of £50,000, in bills of credit, which
were put into the hands of five trustees, and lent for
five years only, to any of the inhabitants, at five per
cent, interest, one fifth part of the principal to be paid
annually." He and his brother, Edward, were appointed
two of these trustees ; but their efforts were unavaihng
to keep up their value, and from this time may be dated
the origin of the distresses of the country on account
of depreciation and scarcity of money and old tenor
troubles. He arrested the famous pirate, Capt. Kidd,
afterwards executed in Boston, 1699, when he drew his
sword upon the officer.

He gave £300 to Harvard College, and died pos-
sessed of a large property. In his inventory are men-
tioned his coach and horses, which none in those days
possessed except gentlemen of great property. He lived

231

to participate in the first centennial celebration of the
Ar. Co. anniversary. He never received a hberal edu-
cation.

Capt. John Ballentine, Jr, Boston, merchant; son
of Col. J. B. Ar. Co. 1682 ; born 1675.* An officer of
militia in Boston; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1706; Lieu-
tenant 1708. He graduated at Harv. College 1694-5,
the same year he joined the Ar. Co. Inventory May
9th, 1735. Real estate, £6550. Personal, £533 1 T 5.
"Thursday, Jan. 2d, 1735, died here, (Boston,) John
Ballentine, Esq, one of His Majesty's Justices of the
Peace, Clerk of the Superior Court of Common Pleas,
and Register of Deeds for the* County of Suffolk; all
which posts he discharged with great prudence and
fidelity,! and was a gentleman beloved and esteemed
among us."

Jeremiah Allen, Boston, probably a brother of Jo-
seph, preceding. He was Province Treasurer.

Lieut. Col. Adam Winthrop, Jr, Boston, great-
grandson of the first Governor of Massachusetts ; Rep-
resentative from Boston 1714 and 1715, and elected a
Councillor; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1702, Lieutenant
1704, Captain 1706. He was also an officer of the
Boston militia, and Major of the regiment 1706 ; Lieut.
Colonel 1709, but never Colonel, as we can now ascer-
tain. He graduated at Harv. College, 1694. He died
Oct. 2d, 1743. Inventory £715 6 1. His son Adam's
will 1744, Inventory £801 0 6.

John Savage, Boston, the fourteenth child and tenth
son of Maj. Thomas, the charter member; born 1661 ;
graduated at Harvard College, 1794.

* This would make him but 19 years of age when he joined the Ar. Co.

t See New England Journal, of Jan. 6th, 1735. There is much confusion of
dates here, but may be easily explained by old style and new style. It also speaks
of the Superior Court of Common Pleas.

Capt. Edward Brattle, Boston, son of Capt.
Thomas, Ar. Co. 1675.

John Davenport, Boston; freeman 1669; son of
Rev. John.

Capt. Hopestill Foster, Boston, shopkeeper, some
say housewright ; son of Hopestill, Ar. Co. 1 673 ; grand-
son of Hopestill, Ar. Co. 1642; died Sept. 23d, 1735,
He had a son, Hopestill, Boston, bookseller.

Thomas Baker, Lynn.

Samuel Clough.

Robert Guttridge, Boston, probably a son of Johny
Ar. Co. 1640. He was a witness in 1724.

Joseph Billings.

Nicholas Buttolph, Boston, bookbinder. An officer
of militia, and father of John, Ar. Co. 1718. He died
Jan. 29th, 1736-7, aged 51, and his tomb is No. 60, in
the Granary ground. Buttolph street derives its name
from his family.

Richard Green.

George Robinson, Boston, carver.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1694, by Moses Fiske^
Braintree — Ephes. Vl. 14th. Manuscript in the Mass.
Hist. Library.

1695.
David Dure, Boston.

Samuel Shrimpton, Jr, Boston, merchant, son of
Col. Samuel, Ar. Co. 1670. Died about May, 1703.

Anthony Checkley, Jr, Boston, son of Capt. An-
thony, Ar. Co. 1662, and brother of Col. Samuel, Ar.
Co. 'l678.

Capt. Richard Gridley, Boston, currier, grandson
of Capt. Richard, Ar. Co. 1658, and probably father of

233

Col. Jeremy Gridley, Attorney General. Member of
the Old South Church.

John Buchannan, Boston, baker. Administration on
his estate Feb. 28th, 1731.

William Clough, Boston, blacksmith. Administra-
tion March 18th, 1733.

William Sutton. ■»

Ambrose Hunnewell

Artillery Election Sermon, 1695, by Peter Thacher,
Milton. Printed.

1696.

William Crow, Boston.

Seth Smith.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1696, by Michael VVig-
glesworth. Maiden.

1697.

Capt. Zechariah Tuttle, generally spelt Zachery
Tuthill, and so in his will, dated January 3d, proved
Feb. 5th, 1721. He was of Boston, a militia officer;
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1700; Lieutenant 1702.

John Mountfort, Boston, cooper, son of Benjamin,
Ar. Co. 1679. Died January, 1723.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1697, by Nehemiah Wal-
ter, Roxbury.

1698.

John Cotta, Jr, Boston, hatter, son of John, Ar. Co.
1679. In the administration of his estate, June 17th,
1728, he is styled felt-maker.

Ensign Benjamin Emmons, Jr, Boston, trader. En-

234

sign of the Ar. Co. 1721. Will proved August 17th,
1752. A member of the Old South Church.

David Buckley.

Ensign John Noyes, Boston, Esquire, son of John,
Ar. Co. 1676. Administration Aug. 15th, 1749. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1704.

The first regular record, original, remaining of the
Ar. Co. is dated April 4th, 1698, all previous being lost,
and is the election of Rev. Joseph Belcher, of Dedham,
to preach the sermon. The records from that time are
preserved.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1698, by Joseph Belcher,
Dedham— 1st Cor. IX. 26 and 27. Printed.

1699.

Richard Proctor, Boston, shopkeeper ; died about
February, 1719.

William Clarke, Boston, merchant ; erroneously
Blake in the former edition. Representative from Bos-
ton 1719, five years. In 1731 there was some difficulty
about appointing the annual day for Fast, between the
Governor and Council on one side, and the House on the
other. Clarke, being a Representative, carried his oppo-
sition so far that he " would not attend public worship,
but opened his warehouse, as upon other days." He was
elected into the Council in 1722; but he had adhered
so closely to Mr. Cooke's party, and had been so vio-
lently opposed to the Governor, that he negatived him ;
" but did not serve his own interest, Mr. Clarke's op-
position being of greater consequence in the House."
1 suppose he was a son of Capt. Thomas, Ar. Co. 1644.
He was a member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Samuel Keeling, Boston, merchant. He was

235

a partner in business with Charles Chauncey, admitted
the same year. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1710 ; Cap-
tain 1716. Administration was granted to his widow,
Jan. 26th, 1729. The inventory only amounted to
£206 3 0.

Lieut. Col. Habijah Savage, Boston, merchant.
He was fourth son of Lieut. Col. Thomas, Ar. Co.
1665. He graduated at Har. Col. 1695. He was an
officer of the militia in Boston, Major of the Boston
Regiment 1717, and Lieut. Colonel 1727, but never
Colonel, as ascertained. He was first Orderly of the
Ar. Co., then Lieutenant, 1709, and Captain 1711,
1721 and 1727, and continued a useful member to his
decease. After he commanded the last time, being a
field officer of the Boston Regiment, and in the ranks
of the Company, April 7th, 1729, none of the commis-
sioned officers present to lead, he was by hand vote se-
lected to lead them on that day. He did not do, as is
often the case in modern times, as soon as he had had
the honor of commanding, begin to neglect appearing
in the ranks. He was Representative from Boston in
1717 and '18. He died Sept. 16th, 1746, aged 72. A
member of the Old South Church.

Charles Chauncey, Boston, merchant ; father of
President Chauncey. He was an officer of the Boston
mihtia. Administration March 26th, 1 7 1 2. A member
ofthe Old South.

Edward Procter, Boston, tailor ; grandfather of
Col. Edward, Ar. Co. 1756. Will proved November
26th, 1751.

Henry Bridgham, Boston, tanner ; grandson of Capt.
Henry, Ar. Co. 1644, and son of Joseph, Ar. Co. 1674 ;
an officer of the Boston militia ; member of the Old
South.

236

John Edwards, Boston, gold-smith. His will was
dated 1743 ; proved April 22d, 1746, His son Joseph,
Ar. Co. 1738.

Samuel Gaskill, Jr.

John Adams, Boston, shipwright; son of Alexander,
Ar. Co. 1652. A member of the Old South Church,
and died about May, 1732.

Lieut. John Wharton.

Hon. Elisha Cooke, Jr, Esq, Boston, lawyer ;
grandson of Lieut. Richard, Ar. Co. 1643, and son of
Elisha, of historic fame. He was grandson of Gov.
Leverett, by the mother's side ; was born in Boston,
Dec. 20th, 1678; graduated at Har. Col. 1697. An
officer of the Boston militia ; he held numerous civil
offices, and his fame as an orator and politician was so
great, that his military title is lost sight of. Represent-
ative from Boston 1715, eighteen years ; he died while
in that office. He pursued such measures as rendered
him obnoxious to the prerogative party. He was ex-
tremely popular in Boston, and principal leader of the
opposition party in the House, the other Boston mem-
bers and a majority of the country members adhering,
to him through several administrations. His eloquence
swayed the public mind, and he continued in constant
favor with the people until near his decease. His ora-
tory is spoken of as animating, energetic, concise, per-
suasive, and pure.

His opposition might have been caught from his
father, who was of the violent party, adhering to the old
and opposing the new charter. Mr. Cooke, jr, was of
the Land Bank party in 1714, a disastrous speculation ;
but he sided with the prominent men of the day. He
" had the character of a fair and open enemy, was free
in expressing his sentiments, and the Governor was
informed of some contemptuous language in private

237

company, with which he was so much offended, as to
procure Mr. Cooke's removal from tlie place of Clerk
of the Superior Court." A dispute arising respecting
the conduct of his Majesty's Surveyor of the woods in
Maine, Cooke immediately embarked in the contro-
versy, and, with horse and foot, ever after was the great
partizan warrior of the opposition. This accounts for
his rejection as Speaker, in 1720, and from the Council,
1718.

He was chosen by joinj; baHot of the House and
Council, agent of the Province to England, and sailed
Jan. 18th, 1723. He had been a violent opposer of
Gov. Shute, and, meeting him in England, refused to
be reconciled to him. He continued in England two
years, but his mission was unsuccessful. May, 1726,
he was chosen into the Council, and Lieut. Gov. Dum-
mer did not negative him. This may be considered as
a mark of approbation for his conduct in England ; his
salary while absent was small, but he " acquiesced
therein, for the sake of peace." In 1731, he seemed
to favor the idea of a fixed salary for the Governor, and
his popularity began to decline, so that in 1633 or 4, he
obtained a small majority, after repeated trials, to be
Representative. The usual votes cast in those days even
of excitement, rarely exceeded six hundred. Hutchin-
son says of him, " that he differed from most who, from
time to time, have been recorded in history for popular
men. Generally, to preserve the favor of the people,
they must change with the popular air. He had the art
of keeping the people steady in the applause of his
measures. To be careful never to depart from the ap-
pearance of maintaining or enlarging rights, liberties
and privileges, was all he found necessary."

When Gov. Burnet arrived, he lodged at Mr. Cooke's
house, while the Province House was repairing. He
had become acquainted with him in England, and there

238

was apparent friendship, but it did not last long. The
shopkeepers and tradesmen (mechanics) directed the
councils of the town, and were Cooke's supporters, and
the Governor had been somewhat free in his jokes upon
them ; this Cooke knew how to take advantage of in
1728. In 1730, Gov. Belcher, to whom he had been a
favorite, appointed him Chief Justice of the Common
Pleas in Suffolk. He died in August, 1737, aged 59.
Inventory, real estate, £31,172 ; total, real and person-
al, £32,515 7 3 — in paper j:urrency probably ; among
other things is 437 ounces of silver plate, prized at
£590 15, and his library £81. He owned lands at the
Eastward, of nominal value. He never sustained any
office in the Ar. Co.

Thomas Sandford.

Capt. Oliver Noyes, Boston, physician ; son of En-
sign John, Ar. Co. 1676 ; graduated at Har. Col. 1695 ;
Representative from Boston 1714, &c. ; and died in that
office, while the General Court was sitting. He was of
the Land Bank party, with Elisha Cooke, jr, in all his
political career. Hutchinson says, "he was strongly
attached to the popular party, and highly esteemed by
them ; was of a very humane, obliging disposition, and
in private hfe no man w^as more free from indelicacies."
He was one of the original projectors of Long wharf,
and the erection of that noble pier may justly be attrib-
uted to his enterprising spirit. The work was com-
menced soon after the great fire in October, 1711, called
by Snow the fourth great fire in Boston, which com-
menced in Capt. Ephraim Savage's house, in Williams
court, and swept off both sides of old Cornhill, part of
(Queen) Court and State (King) streets, to the dock,
together with the Town and State House, and the first
Church (old Brick,) now "Joy's buildings." The rub-
bish of this fire was chiefly used in filling up Long wharf.

239

He must have entered into public life, and enterprise,
to improve his native town, early in life ; and from the
magnitude of his undertakings, resembled the great au-
thor of India and Central wharves. Broad, India, Mar-
ket, now new Cornhill, Brattle streets, and the Mill-
dam, solid causeway — Uriah Cotting.

Capt. Noyes was an officer of the Boston militia, and
in 1708 an Ensign. He died March 16th, 1721, leav-
ing a widow. His inventory, real and personal, with-
out lands at the Eastward, or in other counties, £17,193
12 3; debts, £3G63 1 2, returned Dec. 30th, 1723, be-
fore the paper currency began to depreciate, and there-
fore shows a large fortune. A member of Old South
Church.

Joseph Russell. If a son of Wilham, of Cambridge,
he was born in England. Church member.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1699, by Samuel Willard,
Boston— 1st Kings, IX. 22d. Printed.

1700.

David Jesse, Boston, goldsmith, died before 1706.

Capt. John Gerrish, Boston, grandson of Wilham,
the Captain of the first Train-band, of Newbury. His
grave-stone, in the Chapel ground, is not legible, ex-
cept the name.

Edmund Knight.

Henry Jones.

Col. Thomas Fitch, Boston, merchant; Captain of
militia, 1700; Major of Boston regiment, 1712; Lieut.
Colonel and Colonel, 1717; when he resigned is not
known. Treasurer of the Ar. Co. also Lieutenant
1705; Captain 1708, 1720 and 1725; Representative
and Councillor.

He was long a very useful member of the Ar. Co.;

240

A member of the Old Sbuth Church. His will, proved
June 30th, 1736, " bequeaths £300 to Harvard College,
for the education of scholars of good capacities for the
work of the ministry." His inventory amounted to
£2040 15 3, which may not be valued in depreciated
currency. The expenses of his funeral were enormous,
being £162. He was buried in his tomb, No. 19,
Chapel ground, now the property of the Peirce family,
who descended from him in the female line.

Col. Edward Winslow, Boston, goldsmith, proba-
bly the son of Edward, of Boston, mariner. He was a
Captain of militia ; Major of Boston regiment, April,
1729; Colonel, 1733; Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1711 ;
Captain, 1714 and 1729. A member of the Old South
Church, and undoubtedly connected with the Winslows
of Plymouth Colony. Col. Winslow was born 1669,
and died 1753, aged 83. He was the first Sheriff of
Suffolk, of whom we have any knowledge. The office
of Sheriff was unknown in Massachusetts until 1692,
and was appointed by the King till the Revolution.

Capt. Jonathan Pollard, Boston. Will, proved
August 9th, 1725, speaks of his house in Bratde street.
Inventory £2,000.

WiGGLESwoRTH SwEETSiR, Bostou, tailor, iu King
street. Administration, 1745.

Waterhouse Fernly.

Peter Wyer.

Silence Allen, Boston, cordwainer.

Capt. Penn Townsend, Jr, Boston, son of Col. Penn,
Ar. Co. 1674. Captain in the militia. He graduated
at Harvard College, 1693.

Edward Oakes, Boston, shopkeeper.

Lieut. Benjamin Cushing.

241

The Records mention a revision of the By-Laws, by
the Company, Boston, Sept. 2d, 1700. By them the
Company were governed many years, with trifling alter-
ations. Most of the orders made, 1657, were preserved,
and those introduced as new, are as follows : —

"Imprimis. That the successors of Robert Keayne, Nathaniel
Duncan, merchants; Robert Sedgwick, gentleman; and William
Spencer, merchant, and such as are by them admitted into the Ar-
tillery Company, are declared and allowed to be the present mem-
bers of said Company ; and such as from time to time they shall
admit, shall enjoy the privileges and grants that have been, or that
may be, given and allowed to them; and as they have been, so shall
continue to be called, the Military Company of the Blassacliusctts.

" 12th. That hereafter the training days shall be annually, the
election day, being the first Monday in .Tune, — the first Monday in
September, the afternoon of the first Monday in October, the after-
noon of the first Monday in April, and the whole day on the first
Monday in May.

" 13th. That the drummers beat in season, each training day, and
be at the place of parade, the whole days at eight of the clock in
the morning, and on the half days at one, on the penalty of two
shillings and six pence fine, to be paid to the Clerk, for the use of
the Company ; and the Sergeants to appear at the place of parade,
before nine of the clock on the whole days, and by two on the half
days, on the penalty of one shilling, to be paid as aforesaid; and
every soldier that appears not at the place of parade, ready to be
drawn up by nine in the morning on the whole days, and by two on
the half days, shall pay six pence, unless his excuse be allowed by
the Company.

" 14th. That every soldier belonging to the Company, not under
obligations to any of the companies of militia in Boston, shall, for
every day he omits or neglects to appear in arms in said Company,
pay one shilling, fine ; and the officers of the other companies in
Boston, that do or may belong to this Company, shall be liable to
the like fine.

" 15th. It is further agreed, not only by former grants, but with
the consent of the several commanders of the militia of Boston, that
out of the several companies of the town of Boston, there may be
listed forty soldiers, and no more, belonging to said companies,
which shall be excused from any fine or penalty, on common train-
ings; always provided, they appear on each of the Artillery training

242

days, or for default to pay six shillings fine, for the use of the
Company.

" IGth. That every one that is admitted into the Company, at his
listing shall not pay less than one shilling entrance money to the
Clerk, towards bearing the charge of the Company.

" 17th. That if any of the forty persons that shall be accepted by
the Company, and are excused from common trainings, be chosen
into any place that excuses them from training in the other military
companies, they shall then, if they continue in the Artillery Com-
pany, be no longer under the penalty of six shillings for non-appear-
ance, but liable to the fine of one shilling, as others under the like
circumstances, and that others may be admitted in their room to
make up the number of forty, as aforesaid.

" 18th. That upon reasonable request of any member of the
Company, they may have their dismission granted.

" 19th. That such as now, or hereafter shall be accounted mem-
bers of the said Company, shall subscribe to these articles; the
further to oblige themselves, and especially with respect to their
subjecting themselves to the Clerk's power ex officio of distraining
for fines, that any shall neglect or refuse to pay."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1700, by Benjamin Wads-
worth, Boston — Isaiah III. 2d. Printed.

1701.

George Driver.
Christopher Myngs.
Thomas Godfrey.

Thomas Foster, Boston, brazier, father of Thomas,
1718.
Francis Clarke.

An TIP AS TOREY.

John Cookson, Boston, gunsmith.

Capt. Nathaniel Oliver, Boston and Chelsea ;
grandson of Capt. Feter, Ar. Co. 1643; Captain of
militia; Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1717. He died at
Chelsea, Jan. 1st, 1769, aged 87. tie graduated at
Har. Col. 1701. A member of the Old South.

243

Artillery Election Sermon, 1701, by Ebenczer Pern-
barton, Boston — Luke III. 2cl. Printed.

1702.

Col. Sir Charles Hobby, Boston; son of William
Hobby, of Boston, merchant. He o])tained the order
of knighthood for his fortitude at the time of the earth-
quake in Jamaica.* " He was a candidate to supplant
Gov. Joseph Dudley ; and Gov. D.'s enemies prevailed
upon him to go to England and solicit for the govern-
ment. He was recommended to Sir H. Ashurst, the
friend and agent of the colony, who at first gave en-
couragement of success. Hobby was a gay man, a free
liver, and of very different behaviour from what one
would have expected should have recommended him to
the clergy of New England ; and yet such is the force
of party prejudice, that it prevails over religion itself,
and some of the most pious ministers strongly urged in
their letters, that he might be appointed their Governor
instead of Dudley." He had returned from England
without success, in 1710, and had command of one of
the Massachusetts regiments raised to take Port Royal.
He was senior officer, and the expedition resulted in
the surrender of the place. He was the third instance
of being chosen commander the year of admission, and
1713. At one time he owned and occupied a large
house in King street, consumed by the great fire in
1711. His mansion house was in Marlborough (Wash-
ington) street. His inventory, 1715, mentions six
slaves, valued at £300. His estate was represented
insolvent. May 3th, 1716. His lady survived him. A
fine portrait of Sir C. said to have been taken in Lon-
don by the celebrated Sir Peter Lely, is now (1833) in
the possession of a descendant of Mr. John Colman,

* Hutchinson inlitiiates, " for the further consideration of j£S0O."

244

who married the sister of Sir C. in Cambridge, Mass.
Sir C. died in London, in 1714.

Col. Edward HuxcnmsoN, Boston, merchant; born
in Boston ; was son of Col. Ehsha, Ar. Co. 1670 ; Cap-
tain of mihtia ; Major of Boston Regiment ; Lieut. Col.
1717 ; Colonel in 1729, and resigned 1733. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1711; Lieutenant 1713; Captain in 1717,
1724 and 1730. He was a very useful member to his
decease. Representative ; one of the five Trustees of
the first bills of credit, or paper money, issued by the
Provincial Government, 1714. His will was proved
April 24th, 1752.

Hon. William Dummer, Esq, Boston. Lieut. Gov-
ernor under Shute. During his troublesome adminis-
tration we hear little of him ; the salary was small, and
the office nominal. In 1720, the Court reduced the
annual grant from £50 to £35. " Mr. Dummer had so
much spirit, that he enclosed the vote in a letter to the
Speaker, acquainting him that, ' having the honor to
bear the King's commission for Lieutenant Governor of
the Province, and having been annually more than £50
out of pocket in that service, he did not think it for his
honor to accept of their grant.' " In 1722, the admin-
istration devolved upon him. Gov. Shute having left the
province for England, and he acted as Commander-in-
Chief until the arrival of Gov. Burnet. " Having spent
some time in England, knowing what conduct would
be approved of there, and well acquainted with the
tempers of his countrymen, he very prudently aimed
rather at an easy administration, than at any thing great
and striking— acting in the most common affairs by
advice of Council." In 1725, a favorable treaty with
the Eastern Indians, " his pacific measures and acconi
modation or suspension of some of the controverted
points," and his favoring a Synod of the clergy, which,

245

having been laid aside several years, had reduced their
influence, rendered him popular at home, but incurred
the displeasure of Shute, and of royalty. Gov. Burnet
arrived and assumed the duties of his office in 1728, but
dying, Sept. 7th, 1729, Dummer reassumed the admin-
istration, until superseded by Lieut. Gov. Tailor, shortly
before Gov. Belcher's arrival in 1730. He then re-
tired to private life.

He was Captain of the Ar. Co. 1719, while Lieut.
Governor. He never sustained any office in the militia.
In his will he gives two legacies to Harvard College,
viz : £66 13 6; also, £133 6 8. From his funeral ser-
mon, by Rev. Mather Byles, I presume he was a mem-
ber of Hollis street Church, from the Appendix of which
the following is extracted :

" Boston, Oct. 10th, 1761. Departed this life, aged 83,* the Hon.
William Dummer, Esq, and on the 16th his funeral was attended
with every mark of respect due to so eminent a person. Scarce any
one ever passed this life with a more unspotted character, or per-
formed its various duties with more universal esteem. In the gayest
scenes of youth, he was preserved from the destructive paths of vice ;
and in maturer age, was a shining example of the most amiable vir-
tues. The wise, incorrupt, and successful administration of Mr.
Dummer, will always be remembered with honor, and considered as
a pattern worthy the imitation of all future Governors ; — uninfluenced
by party prejudices, — superior to all mercenary attachments, he dis-
covered no passion in his public character, but love to his country,
and fidelity to his royal master. He retired to enjoy private life, with
the approbation of a good conscience, and the applause of his coun-
try. In his domestic character, he appeared the affectionate hus-
band, the indulgent master, the benevolent friend. Inspired with a
profound veneration of the Supreme Being, — firmly attached to the
religion of Jesus ; he received its doctrines with submission, attend-
ed its institutions with reverence, and practised its precepts with
uniformity. At his death, he left a great part of his estate to pious

*Gov. D. is said to have died aged 82 — see Hist, of Harvard College, p. 198.
He bequeathed the income of £100 sterling to the two Hollis Professors in Har-
vard College, to he equally divided between them, and £50 sterling to be laid out
in books for the Library. Dummer Academy, at Newbury, was founded by him.

246

and charitable uses. Having served his generation, by the will of
God, he fell asleep in a joyful expectation of a resurrection to eter-
nal life."

Benjamin Simpson, Boston ; member of the Old
South Church.
Oliver Williams.

Capt, Timothy Clarke, Boston; Captain of mihtia.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1706; Representative; in-
ventory 1725.

John Mico, Boston, merchant. Inventory 1719 —
£11230 17 0.

William Keen, Boston.

John Nichols, Boston, merchant. Will dated Dec.
7th, 1710.

Edward Lyde, Esq, Boston, merchant; Naval Offi-
cer of the port. His father-in-law, Gov. Belcher, was
ordered by the King to remove him from that office,
though he performed the duties to universal acceptance ;
but he was obliged to obey, or lose his own office.

Thomas Palmer, Boston.

Thomas Newton, Boston, lawyer ; Secretary of New
Hampshire.

His Majesty's Attorney General for Massachusetts Bay, 1704 ;
Deputy Judge, and Judge of the Admiralty ; Comptroller of the
Customs, and for many years one of the chief lawyers of Boston.
He was born in England, June 10th, 1660, being Whitsunday, and
died at Portsmouth, N. H., May 28th, 1721, (Whitsunday) aged 60.
He was educated in England, and beloved, both there and here ; —
one who carried himself just and well in every station, being affable,
courteous, and circumspect, — of strict devotion towards God, — ex-
emplary for family government, as well as humanity to all. A lover
of all good men, and therefore the more lamented at his death. His
funeral was attended by the Governor, his Majesty's Council, with
other principal gentlemen.*

*Extracied from the Boston News Letter of June 5th, 1721.

247

He lived in Queen (Court) street, and was an Epis-
copalian. He signed the remonstrance to the Queen,
respecting Dudley's arbitrary conduct as Governor.

Ensign Simeon Stoddard, Jr, Boston, shop-keeper;
son of Simeon, Ar. Co. 1675. Inventory, 1732, £1892
19 0. A member of the Old South.

LovET Sanders.

Calvin Galpine, Boston ; administration to his wife,
1729.

Seth Dwight, Boston.

John Soames, Boston.

Capt. John George, Boston, merchant. Will proved
Nov. 27th, 1714. I suppose him a founder of the first
Baptist Church in Boston, and who suffered persecu-
tion. A member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Thomas Smith, Boston, merchant. Esquire.
Ensignof theAr. Co. 1713; Lieutenant 1715; Captain
1 722. Administration to his widow and son, 1 741 . In-
ventory, £5743 10 3 — among which was 145 ounces of
silver plate. A member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Adino Bulfinch, Boston, sail-maker; came
from England in 1680. His son graduated at Harvard
College, 1718. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1715. His will,
proved June 17th, 1746, speaks of his being advanced
in years. Ancestor of Charles Bulfinch, Esq, long a
Selectman of Boston.

Capt. Edward Martyn, Boston, merchant. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1710; Lieutenant 1712; Captain 1715.
He probably died young. A will appeared, dated May
1st, 1717, wherein he gives the improvement of all his
estate to his wife, to bring up his children. The first
account was £1^601 18 1 ; debts, £10439 5 0. His

248

tomb, No. 10, Copp's Hill, is now called "Martyn's
tomb."

Isaac Spencer.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1702, by Benjamin Col-
man, Boston — Heb. XI. 33d. Printed.

1703.

Thomas Leverett, Boston ; probably son of Hudson,
Ar. Co. 1656.

Ambrose Vincent, Boston.

William Clarke, Boston; member of O. S. Church.

Thomas Newton, Boston ; son of Thomas, 1702.

Joseph Callender.

Capt. Thomas Baker, Boston.

William Ivory.

Joseph Briscoe, Boston.

Lieut. John Baker, Boston, brazier ; brother of
Thomas. A member of O. S. Church.

Isaac Queenoicault.

William Frary, Boston ; probably son of Theophi-
lus, Ar. Co. 1666.

William Hutchinson, Boston; brother-in-law to T.
Palmer, Ar. Co. 1702. Representative 1721, but died
during the year, with the small-pox, by inoculation.
Hutchinson, the historian, to whom he was nearly re-
lated, says : " He was a gentleman of a very fair char-
acter, sensible, virtuous, discreet, and of an independent
fortune. He began his political life at a time when
persons, thus qualified, were wanted for the service of
their country, to moderate the passions of those who
were less temperate, and who had the lead in the House.
In general, he adhered to the popular party. Longer

249

experience might have convinced him, that he would
have shown his gratitude to his constituents more by
endeavoring to convince them that tliey were running
to an extreme, than by encouraging the same extremi-
ties himself." In another place, Hutchinson says that
he caught the infection in the General Court.* He
graduated at Harvard College, 1702.

Henry Lloyd, Boston.

Henry Bridgham, Boston, tanner.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1703, by Grindall Rawson,
Mendon— Ephes. VI. nth. Printed.

1704.

Lieut. John Leverett, Cambridge ; son of Hudson,
Ar. Co. 1656; grandson of Gov. John, Ar. Co. 1639;
graduated at Harvard, 1680. He was one of the Col-
lege Corporation and tutors, and elected President
thereof, 1707, while Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. He
first studied theology, and preached occasionally several
years; but finally studied law, and practised in the
courts. He represented Cambridge, and was Speaker,
1700; also Judge of Probate; one of the Council;
Judge of the Superior Court, 1702, which office he
held when elected President. His grandfather seems
to have predicted his elevation as a scholar. Dignity
and integrity were his official traits, and popular ap-
plause his reward. His public employments abroad
were. Commissioner to Port Royal 1707, and 1704 on
an Indian negotiation. His death was sudden, May
3d, 1724, dying, as is supposed, sleeping, without a
struggle.

" His qualifications" for the Presidency " were not only eminent
in degree, but singularly various. He had a great and generous

* Hutchinson, pp. 245 and '6.
32

250

soul. His natural abilities were of a very high order. His attain-
ments were profound and extensive. He was well acquainted with
the learned languages, with the arts and sciences, with history, phi-
losophy, law, divinity, politics; and such was his reputation for
knowledge of men and things, that, in almost every doubtful and
difficult case, he was resorted to for information and advice.

"To his wisdom and knowledge, he added great firmness, resolu-
tion, and energy of character. His great abilities being consecrated
to the service of God and of his generation, he was never deterred
by difficulties or dangers from any undertaking, which Providence
seemed to impose upon him. He was liberal and catholic in his
sentiments and feelings ; and though, among the various institutions
of the Commonwealth, he had the preservation of its religious estab-
lishments greatly at heart, he did not place religion so much in par-
ticular forms and modes of worship, or discipline, as in those sub-
stantial and weighty matters of the Gospel, righteousness, faith, and
charity^

" For forty years," says Dr. Colman, "he has shown
in this place and in the eyes of this Society, in near a
meridian Justre. The young saw him and hid themselves,
and the aged arose and stood up. Then men gave ear to
him, and waited and kept silence at his connsel.^^ Flynt's
Funeral Oration ascribes to him Aristotle's words to
Plato — ^^Hicjacet homo, quern non licet, non decet, im-
piis vel ignorantihiis laudare.^^ His literary merits pro-
cured him honors from abroad, particularly a member-
ship in the Royal Society of London.

Jonathan Loring, Boston, member of Old South
Church.

Thomas Salter, Boston, trader. Inventory, 1714,
£12187 9 10. A member of the Old South.

Ensiqn John Sale, Boston, innholder. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1719.

In the News Letter, " June 12 to 19, 1704," is the fol-
lowing: "Capt. Thomas Hutchinson, Captain; Capt.
Adam VVinthrop, Lieutenant; and Mr. John Noyes,

251

Ensign ; officers of the Honorable Artillery Company,
have caused the printing of the Election Sermon,"

Artillery Election Sermon, 1704, by Henry Gibbs,
Watertown— Psalms XLIV. 6th. Printed.

1705.
None admitted members this year.
Artillery Election Sermon, 1705, by Thomas Bridge,
Boston— Daniel XI. 32d. Printed.

1706.
Samuel Grey.
William Tilley, Boston ; member of O. S. Church.

Capt. Daniel Epes, Salem, son of Daniel, of Ips-
wich; born March 24th, 1649. Graduated at Harvard
College in 1669, and died while Councillor, Nov. 23d,
1722, aged 73.

Capt. John Smith, Boston, merchant. Administra-
tion 1706.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1706, by Roland Cotton,
Sandwich— Math. XI. 12th.

1707.

Lieut. Richard Bill, Boston, merchant. His wife
was the daughter of Maj. Davis, Ar. Co. 1673. Ensign
)f the Ar. Co. 1716; Lieutenant, 1720. There is an
inventory, 1757, of the Hon. Richard Bill, Esq.

Ensign Benjamin Eliot, Boston, bookseller. Will
proved Dec. 8th, 1741. I suppose him grandson of the
Indian Apostle.

Joseph Hubbard.

Benjamin Pemberton, Boston, member of the O. S.
Church.

252

Capt. Ezekiel Lewis, Boston ; Representative nine
years; graduated at Harvard College, 1695. Member
of the Old South.

William Whitcomb.

Lieut. Richard Hall.

Edward Bromfield, Esq, Boston, merchant. Will
proved 1734. Representative. Member of the Old
South.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1707, by Cotton Mather,
Boston— Heb. XIL 4th.

1708.
James Davie, Esq, Boston, merchant.

Lieut. W^illiam Lowder, Boston, merchant, living in
1726. In the administration to his son, 1736, he is
styled innholder. Lieut, of Ar. Co. 1723.

Ames Angier, Boston, son of Rev. Samuel, of Rehor
both and Waltham ; born at Rehoboth, June 29th, 1681 ;
graduated at Harv. College, 1701 ; brother of Rev.
John, of E. Bridgewater. He was the first master of
the school at the corner of West and Common streets,
established about 1717.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1708, by Samuel Danforth,
Taunton— Heb. XII. 4th. Printed.

1709.

CoL. Francis Wainwright, Ipswich, merchant ;
graduated at Harv. College, 1686; a magistrate, and
Colonel of militia ; died Aug. 3d, 1 7 1 1 . He was second
in command in the unsuccessful expedition against Port
Royal.

Capt. Joseph Hiller, Jr, Boston ; graduated at
Harv. College, 1705. Administration, 1753; buried in

253

the Chapel ground. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1718 ; Lieu-
tenant, 1719.

Samuel Gerrish, Boston, auctioneer. Administra-
tion to his son, 1741. Successor of Capt. Ballentine,
as Register of Deeds in Suffolk, 1735. Member of the
Old South.

John Ellis.

Brattle Oliver, Boston, merchant, Hving in 1731.
A member of the Old South.

Capt. John Hunt, Boston, trader. Member of O. S.
Church.

Capt. James Smith, Jr, Boston, merchant. Esq ; died
August 5th, 1769, aged 82; grave-stone in the Chapel
ground; member of the Old South.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1709, by Ebenezer Pem-
berton, Boston.

1710.

Abiel Waller, Esq, Boston, merchant; probably
son of Gen. John, Ar. Co. 1671. Will proved August
31st, 1759. Member of the Old South.

Col. William Tidcomb. He was at the siege of
Louisburg, in 1745. Hutchinson says, " Maj. Tidcomb 's
readiness to engage in the most hazardous part of the
service was acknowledged and applauded. He survived
the siege, was Colonel of a regiment when Gen. John-
son was attacked by Dieskau, and then lost his life in
the service of his country." " He was killed," says
Farmer, "in the French war, 1755."

Robert Calfe, Jr,* Boston, merchant ; after, of Rox-
bury. Author of " More Wonders of the Invisible

* Farmer doubts whether /wra'r is properly added. I find it so on the old roll.
The surname is now Calef.

254

World," printed in London, 1700. He dare not print
or publish the book then in New England. " The
friends of common sense and humanity, at this time,
found a powerful advocate in Mr. Robert Calfe, a mer-
chant of Boston. He, like Reginald Scot, breasted
the current of popular opinion, and incurred the resent-
ment of the Mathers. His book, a perusal of which is
so refreshing, was burnt in the yard of Harvard College,
by the hands of the President of that institution. Calef
published his (book) work in England, in 1700, and it
has lately been republished in Salem.* Josiah Caleb,
Ar. Co. 1806, is a descendant. He died at Roxbury,
April 13th, 1719. Inventory March 14th, 1721.

George Robinson, Boston, carver. Died Aug. 1737.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1710, by Increase Mather,
Boston — Joshua I. 7th. Printed.

1711.
John Eustace, Boston, housewright. His will was
proved April 10th, 1722; his son, John, executor.

Nathaniel Wheeler.

Samuel Haugh, Boston. Farmer says he was grand-
son of Rev. Samuel, of Reading.

Ensign Benjamin Bridge, Boston, tailor ; Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1728; died about June, 1739.

Ephraim Fenno, Boston. A member of O. S. Church.

John Gibbons, Boston, apothecary ; graduated at
Harv. College, 1706; son of William, Ar. Co. 1691.
One of the founders of Trinity Church, 1734.

*See Boston Monthly Magazine, S. L. Knapp, Esq, Editor, under " Witchcraft."
What would the Mathers have thought, if they could have looked forward one
century, to witness the republication of their "devilish book," in the very village
where the murders they had caused were committed, under the cloak of law and
religion ? And yet it was a peace-ofTering to the remains of those martyrs, and
excited no other sentiment than derision at the enormous folly of priestcraft.

255

Ensign Nathaniel Goodwin, Boston ; Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1724. A member of the Old South Church.

Jonathan Williams, Boston, merchant; hving in
1726.

Thomas Phillips, Boston, innholder. Will, 1726.

Ebenezer Lowell, Boston, cordvvainer. He died in
1711, aged 36. He was the father of Rev. John, of New-
bury, and grandfather of Hon. Judge John, of Boston.

Capt. Samuel Green, Boston, printer; his father
was printer of Harv. College, for fifty years ; born March
6th, 1648 ; died July, 1690. A member of Old South
Church.

Ezekiel Walker, Boston. Member of O. S. Church.

Barrat Dyer, Boston, cooper. He presented a clock
to new brick church.* His will was proved Dec. 21st,
1753, but his estate was insolvent.

William Parkman, Boston, mast-maker. Adminis-
tration to his son, 1730. Inventory, £1323 5 8.

Richard Honeywell, Boston, master mariner;
{Hunnewell ;) died Nov. 27th, 1742, aged 61; grave-
stone on Copp's Hill. He was the son of Ambrose, Ar.
Co. 1695.

Ensign James Tileston, Boston, housewright ; a
founder of the second Church, Boston. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1723. He died prior to February, 1740.

Capt. John Goldthwait, Boston ; Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1730.

James Varney, Boston, bricklayer.

Col. Estes Hatch, Dorchester. Inventory 1760.
He married a daughter of Rev. Mr. Rolfe, of Haverhill,
whose life, then six or eight years old, was saved by his

* See Ware's Historical Discourses.

256

maid servant, who, when the Indians attacked that
town, 1708, jumped out of bed and hid his two daugh-
ters under two large tubs, in the cellar.*

Jeremiah Belknap, Boston ; member of the Old
South Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1711, by Nehemiah Wal-
ter, Roxbury — Acts V. o9th.

1712.

Col. William Tailor,! Dorchester. He resided in
Boston, and had a country seat in Dorchester. He com-
manded one of the regiments raised to take Port Royal.
In the fall of 1 71 1, Col. Tailor arrived with her Majesty's
commission as Lieut. Governor of Massachusetts. The
next year he joined the Ar. Co. and was made Captain.
He was in England in 1721 ; and was sent, with Spen-
cer Phipps, as Commissioner to treat with the " Six
Nations," Indians, at Albany, and " empowered to
promise a bounty for every scalp, if they would go out
against the enemy, (French,) but they met with little
success."!

He died while Lieut. Governor, at Dorchester, March
8th, 1732, aged 56. He was Deacon of the first Church
in Boston, and member of the Old South Church. The
inventory of his estate was — real, £8282 ; personal,
£1084 19 3, — of which there was 177 ounces of silver
plate. The following is an obituary notice of him :||

" The corpse of the Hon. William Tailor, Esq, Lieut. Governor of

* Col. Hatch died before her, and she married Rev. Mr. Checkley, Sen'r, of
Boston.

t Tailor, — his own hand-writing to the Company book.

t He favored the private Bank party, and Hutchinson says he was " a gentleman
of no great fortune, and whose stipend from the government was trifling." A pro-
ject of the kind had been started in London, 1684; "but this is not generally
known in America, — a gentleman of Boston is the reputed father of it."

II New England Journal, Boston, March 13th, 1732, No. 260.

257

this Province, was interred at Dorchester, with great honor and re-
spect. The bells of this town (Boston) were tolled from eleven
o'clock to five. The cannon of his Majesty's Castle Willium, of
which he was the beloved Captain, were discharged at their funeral
distance, the flag being half raised. The pall was supported by his
Excellency Gov. Belcher, the Hon. William Dummer, Addington
Davenport, Thomas Hutchinson, Elisha Cooke, and Adam Win-
throp. Esq's. The funeral was attended by a great number of gentry
in their coaches, &c."

Samuel Oakes, Boston, saddler ; administration 1733.

Samuel Durham.

Capt. John Greenough, Boston, shipwright. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1717; Lieutenant 1718; Captain
1726. His will was proved Nov. 14th, 1732. He had
sons in the Ar. Co. 1740 and 1744, and two daughters.

Lieut. Colonel Daniel Goffe, Boston, merchant.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1734. Administration 1742.
An officer of militia, and, I suspect, a field officer of
Boston Regiment. In 1740, he manifested his good
will to Harvard College by bequeathing to it £200 ; but
his estate proving insolvent, this legacy was not paid.

Joseph Essex, Boston, jack-maker. Administration
on his estate, 1719. His trade, like that of a pewterer,
and some others, is extinct.

Lieut. Col. Daniel Henchman, Boston, bookseller;
grandson of the valiant Capt. Henchman, in King
Philip's war, Ar. Co. 1675, and son of Hezekiah, 1692.
He was long distinguished as an extensive bookseller in
Cornhill. To the Old South Church he gave, in his
will, £66 13 4. An officer of militia ; Major of Boston
Regiment 1742; afterwards its Lieut. Colonel. Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1733, and Captain on its first
centennial anniversary, 1738, and in 1746. While
Commander, he ordered the Company records to be
transcribed, and most of Barnes's transcript of 1780,

258

especially the roll and list of officers, are preserved, and
in some instances, corrected and brought down to that
period. He continued all his hfe much attached to the
Company. He lived to enjoy, in its youthful vigor, the
shade of the great elm tree on the Common, which his
grandfather planted. The following is an obituary of
him: *

" Last Wednesday night, died here, Daniel Henchman, Esq, one
of his Majesty's Justices of the Peace for SuflTolk, and many years
Deacon of the (Old) South Church in this town. Overseer of the
Poor, &LC. He was esteemed one of the most noted and eminent
booksellers and stationers on this continent. We hear his remains
are to be interred this afternoon." " First Monday in March, 1761,"
says the Regimental book, then kept by Col. Dawes, " he was buried,
not being in commission, yet the Officers of the Regiment all walked
in procession before the corpse."

His will gives all his estate, after his wife's decease,
to his son-in-law, Thomas Hancock, Esq, and wife. In
1742, he presented Harvard College with 100 ounces
of silver, and again, in 1747, £250, old tenor.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1712, by Peter Thacher,
Weymouth— ^ 1st Sam. XVIII. 14th.

1713.

James Alford, Boston ; sonof Capt. Benjamin, 1671.

Capt. Francis Parnell, Boston, merchant ; Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1720 ; Lieutenant 1721. He died sud-
denly, at Boston, October, 1724.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1713, by Sampson Stod-
dard, Chelmsford— 1st Sam. II. 30th.

1714.

CoL. John Alford, Charlestown ; son of Capt. Ben-
jamin, 1671. He was of his Majesty's Council, and

* Boston Gazette and Country Journal, March 2d, 1761.

259

laid the foundation of the Alford Professorship in Har.
Col. He died at Charlestown, September, 1761, aged
76. He was " a gentleman of considerable estate, and
highly respected in his public and private character."

Capt. John Wheelwright, Boston, merchant. Rep-
resentative; Naval Officer, 1737, at Boston. In 1721,
one of his Majesty's Council.

Lieut. Nathaniel Balston, Boston. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1726; Lieutenant 1728.

GiLLAM Phillips, Esq, Boston ; son of Samuel, Ar.
Co. 1693. Died Oct. 17th, 1770, aged 75.

Capt. Benjamin Gerrish, Charlestown. Died 1750,
aged 64 ; grave-stone in Charlestown.

Jonathan Barnard.

Ensign Samuel Holyoke, Boston. Clerk of the Ar.
Co. and Ensign, 1729. Senior writing-master of the
town school in Queen (Court) street. Died March
16th, 1768.

Lieut. John Darrell, Boston. Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1737. His will was proved Dec. 3d, 1746. Dea-
con of West Church.

John Holyoke, Boston ; brother of Samuel.

Capt. Edward Pell, Boston, painter. He drew the
plan of the "New Brick," late Dr. Lathrop's, meeting-
house, in Middle street, " said to be the handsomest in
the province." One of the founders of that church.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1722; Lieutenant 1726. His
will, 1735, was proved March 22d, 1736. Inventory,
real estate, £1 130 2 4^ ; personal, £3567 7 9i.

Benjamin Hiller.

Thomas Chamberlain, Boston.

John Eliot.

260

Capt. James Gooch, Jr, Boston, merchant. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1733. Will dated 1732, proved June
5th, 1738.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1714, by Joseph Sewall,
Boston— Rev. XIX. 14th.

1715.

James Wright.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1713, by Joseph Stevens,
Charlestown — Isaiah II. 4th.

1716.

Ebenezer Thornton, Boston.
Samuel Townsend, Boston.
Thomas Jackson.

Col. William Downe, Boston, shop-keeper. He
often appears as executor, guardian, &c. ; but his ap-
pointment to such trusts is plenary evidence of his in-
tegrity and ability. Judging from his inventory, he was
either a saddler or upholsterer. His mansion house was
at the North End ; for partition of that estate was made
between two of his grand-children, Abigail and Rebecca
Cheever, in 1766. He joined the Ar. Co. a private cit-
izen, and after several years, his military talents became
known, and he was elected an officer of militia in Bos-
ton. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1725; Lieutenant 1727,
and after that is styled Lieut. Downe. Oct. 20th, 1727,
he was chosen one of the Committee to go to Dunsta-
ble, now Nashua, and survey the Company farm ; he
took a plan, and was gone eleven days.

So late as 1725, the Indians infested Dunstable, and
probably it was not safe to venture on an exploring ex-
pedition thus far in the interior before that period. It
took Downe and the Committee three days at least to

261

£fo and three to return. Several Committees had been
chosen to effect the object before, but none had ven-
tured to accomphsh it. How greatly has the state of
things changed in the lapse of a century ! Then, it was
but a forest, the rivers well stocked with fish, and the
haunt of savages, who were loth to quit privileges so
valuable to them, — now, changed to the busy hum of a
large village — the site of valuable factories. The fish
have been driven from their native element, and the In-
dians are unknown. What would Downe have thought,
had any one suggested that, a century hence, one might
start from Boston in the morning, dine on the rich pro-
fusion of a thronged hotel, survey a farm of 1000 acres,
and sleep at home in peace, at Boston ? The story to
him would be enchantment.

By charter, the Company were to have 1000 acres of
land, and on the 8th of the 8th month, 1641, " a Com-
mittee of the General Court was appointed to accom-
pany Mr. Oliver,* to see the Artillery land laid out, and
make return to the next Court ;" but nothing more ap-
pears, untU May 6th, 1657, about the time they adopted
their first Rules. The Records of the Colony, page
259, say : —

" In answer to the petitiout of the Artillery Company of Boston,
500 acres, part of the 1000 acres formerly granted them, and laid
out by John Sherman, near unto Concord river, where it comes near
Shawsheen river, being four hundred rods in length, and two hundred
in breadth, (describing the lines,) is allowed and confirmed to them;
and it is further ordered, that the other 500 acres be laid out next
the 500 acres already laid out, at the head line between Concord
and Cambridge, if free from other grants." The following is what
is referred to in the preceding extract : " At a General Court held at
Boston, 10th 3d mo, 1643 — Shawshin is granted to Cambridge with-
out any condition of making a village there. And the land between
them and Concord is granted to them, all, save what was formerly

* This was Col. John Oliver, a charter member.

t This petition is not preserved, and the Company record of it is lost.

262

granted to the Artillery Company, or others, provided the Churcb
and present Elders continue at Cambridge."*

The next we find upon the subject, is in Liber 3, page 730, Colony
Records, October 15th, 1673, at a second session of the General
Court, held at Boston, as follows : " Artillery of Boston, their farm
laid out Sept. 11th, 1673, 1000 acres of upland and meadow, and is
from a red oak tree marked A, by a gully side on the bank of Meri^
mac river, on a straight line west by south, one mile and three quar-
ters, by marked trees, unto a pine at B, by a meadow called Spec-
tacle Meadow, from B to C, and about the meadow to D, taking in
those first patches of meadow, which meadow is estimated at thirty
acres; from D to E by the brook, called Spectacle Brook, which
brook, running into Nashaway river, from E to F, by Nashaway, or
Watananock river, in Merimac river. The Court therefore approve
of this return; and do further grant the Artillery Company, as an
addition, the quantity of 500 acres more. The grant being made
about thirty years since. Provided that the 500 acres be laid out in
some convenient place next adjoining the plantation now granted
them."

Whether the foregoing may be considered as two distinct and sep-
arate grants of 1000 acres, or whether the latter was a grant made
by the Court to make good a failure in the title to the former, as
having been granted or located to other persons, is rendered doubt-
ful by the imperfect records of the times. It does not appear the
Company received any benefit from the grant, or in any way im-
proved the 1000 acres last mentioned, until March 8th, 1715-16,
when, under the command of Capt. Edward Martyn, they " voted to
lease the 1000 acres in Dunstable for eleven years ; on condition
that a house and barn should be built thereon, an orchard of 120
apple trees planted, and the lessee to deliver the Company one bar-
rel of good cider, yearly, &c."

Immediately after the expiration of this lease, Col. Downe and the
Committee were sent to survey the premises. This farm is situated
at the confluence of the Nashaway and Merrimac, and in June, 183ff,
was visited by me in company with an aged and respectable inhab-
itantjf who was a surveyor. None of the marked trees, or their
stumps, were to be found. A remnant of the old orchard (apple
trees) was found. Some doubt existed as to " the red oak tree at a
gully side," there being two, a smaller and larger, and two gully

* This notice of the grant escaped my notice, if it was there, when examining
the Colony Records, and first attracted my attention in Farmer's History of Bil-
lerica, page 25.

t Mr. Lund.

263

sides. The larger tree appeared the most probable, as the division
fence commenced a rod or two beyond it and the larger gully, and
continued in a straight line over to Spectacle Meadow, and my com-
panion informed me that dividing fence had not varied within forty
years. If this latter line or bound be correct, the tract contained at
least 1200 acres. Our ancestors gave large measurement. On ar-
riving at Spectacle Meadow, we found it to resemble the plan, and
about the quantity, but the land in the vicinity almost a pine barren,
with here and there a few houses. On arriving at the bridge cross-
ing the brook which leads from ihe lower Spectacle Meadow, we ob-
served a humble dwelling, and a man chopping wood at the door,
who approached us, and seeing we had books and papers, and hear-
ing our conversation, became alarmed, as if we had come to look up
the title and take his land. It w as some time before we could pacify
him. On our describing the brook as Spectacle Brook, he immedi-
ately commenced cutting off the outside bark of a young oak tree
standing near the road and brook, about six feet from the ground,
•and then repaired to the house and obtained his dame's old spectacle
bows, without glasses, and nailed them over the spot where he had
shaved the bark, saying, the brook is now fairly christened. The
appearance of the spectacles was extremely ludicrous. He had just
finished when his wife came out, yelping like a dog, and a fine fam-
ily tete-a-tete took place.

This tract of land is still known, and called " the Artillery Farm,"
though much subdivided. A large factory, called the Jackson Cot-
ton Factory, stands on a part of it. There is also near the spot a
neat Unitarian Church and a thriving village.

But to return to Col. Downe. In 1732 and 1744,
Captain of the Ar. Co. He was a Captain of militia;
Lieutenant Colonel of Boston regiment ; and Colonel,
1744, which office he held in 1746. He had no con-
cern in the Rutland lands, but took a strong interest in
the company finances, and served on committees to
make a better investment and appropriation of them.
His improvement of the finances was according to
Keayne's design, and laid the second stone in the foun-
dation of their present prosperity. Treasurer of the Ar.
Co. May 1st, 1738, and probably till his death. Capt.
Ballentine and Joseph Hiller were his bondsmen as
Treasurer.

264

He died at Boston, June 3d, 1753, aged 67. His
widow, Sarah,* administered on his estate. His son,
Wilham Downe, Esq,t died 1747-8, January. He had
been many years one of the Selectmen, and in other
town offices was a faithful servant, but he never had
any office in the provincial government. Probably he
was not ambitious, except to be useful, and it is but a
just tribute to his memory to say he was a distinguished
and good man in his sphere. A few years since, his
grave-stone, with those of his wife and children side by
side, in good order, struck the visiter with pleasant, yet
solemn veneration. They were situated a little to the
north-west of the car-house, but the ruthless hand of
improvement has demolished them.

His first inventory amounted to £1717 15 0^, in
which is included his mansion house and land and ware-
house, at the north end, £733 6 8; 186 oz. 16 pwts.
wrought silver, and pair of silver shoe and knee buckles,
£62 12 9| ; horse, chaise, saddle and bridle, £17 ; and
a negro boy, £40. His second inventory, £389 14 8,
in which his farm at Lunenburg, where his oldest son
lived, is valued at £233 6 8 ; eighty acres of land in L.
at £56 ; wood lot in L. 48 acres, £53 6 8. His gold
rings (probably presents, as a pall bearer) and gold but-
tons, are valued at £9 14 8. He died, therefore, worth
about ^10,000, a goodly fortune in those days ; but his
real estate has passed to other hands, his personal has
evaporated, and his family become obscure, or extinct.

William Pell, Boston, peruke maker; brother of
Edward, Ar. Co. 1714.

James Halsey, Boston, mathematical instrument

* I presume this to be bis second wife — since it appears he married Hannah, a
daughter of Samuel Appleton, of Ipswich, who was a Major in King Philip's war.
See Farmer's Appendix to Register.

t There was a grave-stone, near Col. D's, of William Downe, Esq, aged 40,
who died May 6th, 1759.

265

maker ; a founder of the New Brick Church ; Deacon,
1735, and their ruling Elder — the last person chosen in
that church. I suppose the office had become nominal,
or that he was too bashful to be perched up in so con-
spicuous a seat for the sole purpose of watching, lest
the boys and girls should wink at each other. It seems,
however, the Church " voted," August 22d, 1739, unan-
imously, to " desire Mr. James Halsey to take his proper
place, in the Elder's seat." His will was proved Jan-
uary 2d, 1767.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1716, by Joseph Baxter,
Medfield— Rom. VIII. 37th.

1717.
Benjamin Gray, Lynn.

Grafton Feveryear, Boston, barber. Will dated
1751 ; proved April 11th, 1755.

James Hill, Boston, peruke maker. Will dated April
11th, proved May 29th, 1746.

Col. Ephraim Hunt, Rehoboth; Representative.

Capt. Joseph Hubbard, Boston ; died suddenly,
April, 1768.

I John Gibbons, Boston, merchant. Administration,
October, 1725. Inventory, £449 16 1.

Lieut. Samuel Barrat, Boston. Lieutenant of the
Ar. Co. 1722.

Capt. Ebenezer Bridge, Boston, blacksmith ; Cap-
tain of militia; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1731 ; Lieuten-
ant, 1738. Inventory, 1747.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1717, by Thomas Blowers,
Beverly— 1st Samuel XVI. 18th.

266

1718.

Sampson Dewer.

Jonathan Sewall, Boston; sonof Maj. Samuel, 1679.

Capt. John Gerrish, Jr, Boston, merchant; son of
Capt. John, 1700. Administration, 1737. A member
of the Old South.

John Etre, graduated at Harv. College, 1718. Re-
sided in Portsmouth, N. H.

Maj. Samuel Sewall Boston, bookseller ; eldest son
of Maj. Samuel, Ar. Co. 1679 ; married Rebecca, daugh-
ter of Gov. Dudley ; settled in Brookline. He was
born in Boston, June Uth, 1678. Author of "Sewall's
Journal" — a manuscript began in 1698, and continued
with minute particularity for many years, in fair chirog-
raphy.

"There is scarcely an ordinary transaction, but what is minuted
with particular care, even the number and age of his domestic ani-
mals, together with those of his relations, and the manner of their
ultimate disposal. The author appears to have been a man of great
observation, education, and parity of style.* The orthography, with
few limitations, corresponds with the English language of the present
day. Beside his customary habit of writing the occurrences of the
day, he carried on an extensive correspondence with several distin-
guished merchants, as well as literary men, in London. These let-
ters were all transcribed with his own hand, and afford a perfect key
to the manner of transacting business at a very remote period.
They show that he possessed a large property, both in America and
England."

An officer of the militia ; Major of Boston regiment,
1733, but probably did not hold that office long. In
1734 he was elected Captain of the Ar. Co. He died
at Brookhne, Feb. 27th, 1751, aged 72. He made a
list of the preachers, &c. at the Elections, and says,

* Extracted from the Boston News Letter, January, 1826.

267

" a memorandum taken out of my grandfather Hull's
character book, of several that did preach the Artil-
lery and Election Sermons." He was a member of the
Old South Church, and elected a Deacon, Sept. 16th,
1663. He carefully preserved his grandfather Hull's
and father's papers.

Capt. Nathaniel Cunningham, Boston, merchant;
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1727; Lieutenant, 17^0; Cap-
tain, 1731. He lived in Cross street, owned land there,
and a large real estate in Boston, among which was a
pasture, at Barton's Point. His will was proved Janu-
ary 21st, 1748. His nephew, James, Ar. Co. 1761.
An administration account was settled July 17 th, 1761,
stated in old tenor currency as £3705, and also in law-
ful money as £494, by which we may accurately esti-
mate the value of the depreciated currency.

Capt. Samuel Rand, Boston, physician ; Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1731 ; officer in the militia. I suppose
him an ancestor of the late Dr. Isaac Rand, of Boston.
His will was dated January 9th, proved Feb. 21st, 1748.
His grave-stone was recently standing in the Granary
ground. A member of the Old South Church.

William Lee, Boston, shipwright, a founder and
Deacon of the New Brick. He was " a noted ship
builder;" lived at the north end; died March, 1769,
aged 90.

Lieut. Erasmus Stepens, Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1739.

Capt. Daniel Pecker, Boston, tallow chandler; Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1729; an officer in the militia.
His will was dated June 7th, proved Oct. 16th, 1730.
He was Chairman of the Assessors, 1770. '1 here was
another Daniel Pecker, a tallow chandler, whose will
was proved March 6th, 1776-7. Grave-stone in the

268

Granary, says died March 4th, 1777, aged 60. One of
these persons was a founder of the New Brick Church,
and the last may have been the member of the Ar. Co.

Samuel Bass, Boston, tanner. Will proved 1766.
Member of the Old South Church.

Capt. Andrew Cunningham, Jr, Boston, merchant;
brother of Capt. Nathaniel, father of Maj. James C.
Ar. Co. 1761, and grandfather of Maj. Andrew, Ar. Co.
1786. This name was often pronounced Kinnicum.
Inventory 1752. There was an Andrew C. merchant,
upon whose estate administration was granted March
18th, 1774.

Capt. John Buttolph, Boston, wine cooper ; son of
Nicholas, Ar. Co. 1694; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1732.
Administration 1739, Inventory 1746, and a will found
1750.

Capt. John Goldthwait, Boston ; probably son of
Capt. John, 1711 ; ahve in 1737.

Capt. James Pecker, Boston, physician. In his will,
styled wharfinger. Founder of the New Brick Church.
He died at Boston, April 30th, 1734, after a hngering
illness, very much lamented. Inventory, real and per-
sonal, £2873 10 3. Grave-stone in the Chapel ground.
Member of the Old South Church.

Lieut. James Fosdick, Boston, paver ; Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1740. His will 1773, speaks of advanced
age ; proved 1776.

Zechariah Thayer.

Capt. Benjamin White.

Thomas Foster, Boston, son of T. Foster, Ar. Co.
1701 ; died previous to May 1st, 1752. There was a
Thomas F. Deacon of the West Church.

Joshua Loring.

269

Capt. Joseph Russell, Boston, printer. Died Sep-
tember, 1767, aged 74.

Simeon Rogers, Boston.

Obadiah Procter.

Capt. Richard Bulkley, Boston.

Robert Procter, brother of Obadiah.

The number of the mihtia of Massachusetts in 1718,
was sixteen regiments of foot, and fifteen troops of
horse — in all 15000. Sailors, 3493. Tons of shipping,
in Boston and Salem, 25406.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1718, by John Barnard,
Marblehead— Rev. III. 21st.

1719.

Solomon Blake.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1719, by John Webb,
Boston— Eccles. VIII. 8th.

In 1720 and 1721, no members were admitted.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1720, by Thomas Symmes.
Bradford— 1st Chron. XII. 33d. Printed.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1721, by Thomas Prince,
Boston— Ps. CXXII. 6th.

1722.

Capt. Nathaniel Green, Boston ; Representative.
Will July, 1736, proved Nov. 5th, 1737.

Capt. Samuel Greenwood, Boston, merchant. His
will says, shipwright. Administration to his widow and
son Samuel, March 23d, 1741. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1724. A member of the O. S. Church.

Capt. Joseph White.

270

Artillery Election Sermon, 1722, by William Cooper,
Boston— Ps. XLV. 3d, 4th, 5th.

1723.

Capt. James Carey, Boston. Died Nov. 21st, 1745,
aged 60 ; grave-stone in the Granary.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1723, by Thomas Fox-
craft, Boston— 1st Chron. V. 18th, 20th.

1724.

Capt. William Ward.

Ensign Jeremiah Belknap, Boston, leather-dresser.
Ensignof the Ar. Co. 1738. Inventory 1751. A mem-
ber of the O. S. Church.

Capt. Thomas Edwards, Boston, gold-smith. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1747 ; Lieutenant 1750; Captain
1753. He did not command until the 30th year of his
membership. Up to this time, that honor was sparingly
conferred upon young members. He died at his house
in old Cornhill, which was appraised at £600. Will
proved 1755.

Col. Thomas Tilestone, Dorchester, Esquire. Col-
onel of the 1st Regiment in Norfolk, then part of Suf-
folk. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1725. Will proved 1745.

Capt. Thomas Wiswall, Dorchester. Will 1752.

Col. Samuel Swift, Milton, lawyer. Colonel of a
regiment of militia. Ancestor of Dr. Foster Swift, sur-
geon in the U. S. Army, and father of Gen. Swift, late
of the Engineer Corps, U. S. Army.

Capt. Christopher Marshall, Boston. Captain
in the expedition to Cape Breton. Administration 1745.

Stephen Paine.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1724, by Ebenezer Thayer,
Roxbury— -Ist Tim. VI. 12th.

271

1725.

Ralph Smith.

Samuel Jones.

Maj. John Chandler, Worcester, husbandman. He
came from Woodstock, Conn. He was Judge of the
Common Pleas, afterwards Chief Justice, and sustained
the offices of Sheriff, Judge of Probate, Register of
Deeds, County Treasurer, and Clerk of the Courts;
also Major in the militia. His descendants have been
distinguished.

John Ashley, Boston, shopkeeper. Administration,
1739.
Thomas Wells.
Nicholas Belknap.
Edward Durant.

Col. John Phillips, Boston, merchant; born June
22d, 1701 ; a descendant of Rev. George, one of the
earliest ministers in Massachusetts, and grandfather of
the late Hon. John Phillips, Mayor of Boston. An offi-
cer of militia ; he rose regularly to be Colonel, and died
when Colonel, Representative, and Commander of
Castle Wilham. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1740; Lieuten-
ant, 1744; Captain, 1747 and 1759. He succeeded
Col. Downe, as Treasurer of the Ar. Co. 1749, many
years.

"April 19th, 1763* Exchanged this life for a better, our dear
and well beloved John Phillips, Esq, Colonel of the Boston regiment.
His commission was from Gov. Pownal, April 4th, 1758." The
following character of him was abridged from the public paper :
"Departed this life, aged 62, John Phillips, Esq, who for many
years was Deacon of the Church in Brattle street. Overseer of the

* Copied from a letter of Col. Thomas Dawes, to Hon. John Phillips ; ond a
perusal of the letter was favored me by Thomas W. Phillips, Esq, his son.

272

Poor, &c. A gentleman, who, from principles of virtue and true
humanity, employed all his time in doing good ; who, with uncom-
mon pleasure and indefatigable diligence, devoted himself to the
service of the community. His inflexible integrity gained and se-
cured him the confidence of all. He was never so happy as in pro-
moting some benevolent purpose for the happiness of others, or in
relieving distress. He sustained the important trusts, with which he
was invested, with becoming dignity, and discharged the duties re-
sulting from each to universal acceptance. His charity and domestic
virtues rendered him amiable, and all around him happy. In the
hour of his departure he was truly happy in the reflection, that in
simplicity and godly sincerity, not by carnal wisdom, but by the
grace of God, he had his conversation in the world.

" The funeral was attended by a great number of the relatives — by
the Governor, His Majesty's Council, the clergy, the magistrates and
the principal merchants, and others of the town, followed by a num-
ber of ladies in chariots ; and the commissioned officers of the regi-
ment, whereof the deceased was Colonel, walked in procession before
the corpse, with a number of non-commissioned officers of the sev-
eral companies, who appeared under arms ; and also the new Artil-
lery Company, with a piece of cannon, all of them marching in funeral
order, with the proper appendages of military mourning. During
the procession, minute guns to the number of sixty-two, (the age of
the deceased,) were fired. The corpse being deposited in the family
vault, three volleys were fired by the companies under arms ; and
the whole ceremony was performed with the greatest decency and
good order, anaidst a large concourse of spectators."

He married a daughter of Elisha Cooke, Jr ; had six
children — one was Lieut, Wilham, Ar. Co. 1762.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1725, by Samuel Check-
ley, Boston— 2d Samuel, XXII. 35th.

1726.

CoL. Benjamin Pollard, Boston, son of Capt. Jona-
than, Ar. Co. 1700, and grandson of WilHam, 1679.
He was for thirteen years Sheriff of Suffolk. He is said
to have been the first American gentleman who made
the tour of Europe. Upon his return, he introduced
many improvements observed abroad. He organized

273

the first Fire Society, and introduced the use of the
baij07ict, (derived from Bayonne, in France, where they
were first manufactured or invented.) The Cadets, un-
der him as Commander, were the first corps in America
whicli appeared in pubhc with a bayonet. He died at
Boston, Dec. 24th, 1756, aged 61. Will proved Janu-
ary 21st, 1757.

He was probably the first Commander of the Cadets.
The origin of the Cadet corps is thus related : The
Governor of Massachusetts was about to proceed to the
lines to meet the Governor of a neighboring province,
but there was no escort. Col. Pollard, with other mem-
bers of the Ar. Co. and several young gentlemen, vol-
unteered as a cavalry escort. During their journey,
they formed the determination of raising a corps espe-
cially as an escort, or body guard, for the Governor.
After their return, about the year 1754, a petition was
presented to incorporate a company of Cadets. Capt.
Thomas Edwards, then commanding the Ar. Co. fear-
ing that the privileges to be granted them would inter-
fere with his own company, strongly remonstrated to
the Legislature against their petition until they could
be heard, in order that similar privileges might be
granted them. Probably upon a hearing, the business
was adjusted ; for the Cadet corps was soon after or-
ganized, and many members of the Ancient joined them.
This circumstance, and the fact that Col. Pollard, the
supposed founder of that corps, was long a member of
the Ar. Co. leads us to trace the origin of the Cadets
to the Ancient Company. The present Independent
Cadets are their successors. The Ar. Co. formed the
(I funeral escort at the interment of Ex-Governor Shirley,
buried from the late mansion house* of Judge Paine, in
Federal street, in 1771, when Hutchinson was in the
chair. The Cadet Company was then probably for a

*Now the site of Fourth Baptist Church, and Coriuthian Hall.
35

274

time disorganized. It made its appearance the year
following, however, under the command of Col. John
Hancock, afterwards Governor. The Cadet Corps, like
the Ar. Co. did not meet during the revolution, but
were revived about the same time, 1786.

Henry Gibbs, Boston, merchant; a member of the
O. S. Church; son of Rev. Henry, of Watertown;
graduated at Harv. College, 1726, and died at Boston,
Feb. 17th, 1759, aged 50.

Col. Barthelemew Gedney, Boston, wharfinger.
His tomb is in the Chapel ground. Administration, 1754.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1726, by John Swift,
Framingham — Acts X. 7th.

1727.

Nathaniel Hodgdon.

Henry Wheeler, Boston ; a founder of the " New
Brick."

John Helyer, Boston; died 1739, aged 54; buried
in the Granary.

Increase Gatchel, Boston, schoolmaster. I have
seen a quit claim deed of his in 1727.

Lieut. John Salter, Boston, brazier. Ensign of
tlie Ar. Co. 1743, Lieutenant 1751.

Lieut. Jabez Hunt, Boston. Adjutant of Boston
regiment; Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1743.

Joseph Dowding.

Thomas Simpkins, Boston, brazier; a descendant of
Capt. Nicholas, 1650; living in 1736.

John Greenleafe.

Job Coit, Boston, cabinetmaker; died Jan. 12tb,
1741, aged 49; grave-stone, North burial-ground.

275

Lieut. William Nichols, Boston, joiner; Ensign
ofthe Ar. Co. 1739.

Edward Marioin, Boston, blacksmith ; a son of Sam-
uel, or John, Ar. Co. 1 69 1 . He died March 20th, 1771;
grave-stone in the Chapel ground.

Bennet Love, Boston, bookseller.

James Davenport.

John Smith, Boston, merchant; son of Thomas, 1702.

Capt. David Mason, Boston, upholsterer. Died July
19th, 1746, aged 43; grave-stone in the Granary.

Capt. John Hobby, Boston, master mariner; proba-
bly a son of Sir Charles, 1702. A militia officer.

DuDSON KiLcup, Boston; son of Roger, 1684.

Thomas Fleet, Boston, printer. Inventory of his
estate, 1759.

"We have in the History of Printing* some relation of Thomas
Fleet. He continued printing in Pudding lane (Devonshire street)
till 1731 ; he then hired a handsome house in Cornhill, north corner
of Water street, which he afterwards purchased and occupied. He
erected a sign ofthe Heart and Crown, which he never altered ; but
after his death, when crowns became unpopular, his sons changed
the crown for a Bible, and let the Heart remain. Fleet's new house
was spacious, and contained sufficient room for the accommodation
of his family and the prosecution of his printing business, besides a
convenient shop, and a good chamber for an auction room. [Albeit
in those times the printers were the principal auctioneers.] He held
his vendues in the evening, and sold books, household goods, &,c.
as appears by his advertisements. In August, 1742, he thus adver-
tises : — ' A Negro woman to be sold by the printer of this paper ; —
the very best negro woman in this town, — who has had the small pox,
and the measles, — is as hearty as a horse, — as brisk as a bird, and
will work like a beaver.' " Fleet was a man of wit and worth.

Richard Mortimore.

* By Isaiah Thomas, Esq. This extract is made from the Boston News Letter,
of Dec. 23d, 1826.

276

Artillery Election Sermon, 1727, by William Wal-
dron, Boston — 2d Samuel X. 12th.

1728.

CoL. Samuel Thaxter, Hingham, husbandman ;
Representative, 1697, and ten other years; Colonel of
the Hingham regiment of militia, and Captain of the
Ar. Co. the year he joined.

" He was* a grandson of Deacon Thomas Thaxter, the first per-
son of the name in Hingham and in this country. Col. T. was born
August 1st, 1GG5. He is not supposed to have inherited a very large
estate, but by his industry and enterprise he became one of the most
Avealthy, and, for a long series of years, the most influential citizen.
Before the settlement of our venerable Gay in the ministry, two
other candidates were heard by the parish. One of the gentlemen
received a vote nearly unanimous to become the pastor of the town.
Tradition says that Col. T. was opposed to the candidate. Mr. Fisk,
the candidate, replied to the Committee of the town that he could by
no means consent to settle here, with the consent of every other
individual of the parish, so long as an individual so respectable as
Col. Thaxter was opposed to him." Fisk did not settle there.

Samuel Miller.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1728, by Ebenezer Gay,
Hingham — Zech I. 8th. Printed.

1729.

Maj. Gen. William Brattle, Cambridge. Gradu-
ated at Har. Col. 1722. Captain of the Ar. Co. 1733.
For many years Major General of the Province, and in
that capacity presided on the Common on the Election
day, June, 1774; received the resignations of the old,
and commissioned the new officers, notwithstanding the
Lieut. Governor was present, the Governor being ab-
sent at Salem — it being decided that the Lieut. Gov-

* Manuscript letter of Solomon Lincoln, Esq, author of the valuable History of
Hingham.

277

eriior held no authority over tlie militia, while the Gov-
ernor was alive and in the Province. Jan. 16th, 1762,
he was Brig. General, and one of his Majesty's Council.

Capt. Hugh McDaniel, Boston, rope-maker. A
distinguished free-mason ; a very active, benevolent,
intelligent man ; much respected for his integrity and
virtues. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1741 ; Lieutenant 1747;
Captain 1750. Real estate, £916 13 4, under incum-
brance, and finally insolvent. He died March 29th,
1770, aged 64, and his grave-stone is in the Chapel
ground.

Edward Emerson, Jr, Boston ; born May 8th, 1702.

Sampson Salter, Boston ; died April, 1778. His
son, Richard, kept a splendid toy-shop, and was called
Dicky Salter. Dr. Byles, finding Dicky was paying
his addresses to a young lady of his church, made a
pastoral visit, and asked her how far she had got in her
Psalter ? To which she instantly replied — " As far, sir,
as ' blessed is the man.' "

Knight Leverett, Boston, goldsmith. I suppose a
son of President Leverett. Administration August 3d,
1753.

Capt. Jonathan Williams, Jr, Boston, merchant ;
son of Jonathan, 1711. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1742 ;
Lieutenant 1748; Captain 1751. He was a Deacon.
His dwelling house was in Cole lane. He was Mode-
rator of the famous Boston town-meetings, in Novem-
ber and December, 1773, respecting Tea. He died
March 27th, 1788. He was buried in his tomb, now
the property of Col. Bradford's heirs, in the Granary.

Capt. Samuel Adams, Boston, Esquire. Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1737. A member of the Old South. He
died about March, 1748.

278

Artillery Election Sermon, 1729, by William Welstead,
Boston — Isaiah LV. 4th.

No members were admitted during 1730 and 1731.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1730, by John Hancock,
Lexington— Prov. XXI. 31st.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1731, by James Allin,
Brookline— Ephes. VI. 12th, 13th.

We will now give some further account of the Com-
pany lands. The General Court, May session, 1717,
made good the additional grant of 500 acres, by grant-
ing one half of a reservation of 1000 acres, belonging
to the government in the township of Rutland, Wor-
cester county. The Indians continued to infest those
parts, and, in 1724, committed depredations in that
township. The grant is as follows : —

" The following order passed the House of Representatives —
read — concurred, viz : Upon the petition of Edward Hutchinson,
Habijah Savage, John Ballentine, Jr, Edward Winslow, and .Jona-
than Pollard, in behalf of the Artillery Company in Boston, praying
that 500 acres of land which are reserved to the Province in the
township of Rutland, may be granted to said Company, to satisfy a
grant made to them by the General Court, Oct. 15th, 1673 — Order-
ed, that 500 acres of the 1000 acres reserved to the Province in the
township of Rutland, be granted in answer to this petition ; but so,
that John Burrill, Esq, to whom the other 500 acres is granted, have
the choice at which end to lay out his grant.

" Consented to. Samuel Shute, Governor."

This grant made the Ar. Co. owners of one moiety
of said 1000 acres in common with the heirs of Hon.
John Burrill, deceased, and the Ar. Co. April 7th, 1729,
appointed Capt. Wm. Ward, Thomas Smith, and Col.
B. Pollard, to make partition, which was mutually
agreed upon. May 1st, 1729. No sooner had they be-
come possessed of their lands in Rutland, than they
were taxed. Deriving little benefit therefrom, April,

279

1731, they appointed a Committee, who reported, " that
it was expedient to sell and dispose of the 1000 and 500
acre grants." A petition was accordingly presented,
and at June session, 1731, the Ibllowing passed, viz: —

"In the House of Representatives, June 14th, 1731. Read, and
ordered, that the prayer of the petition be granted ; and that the Ar-
tillery Company within mentioned be, and hereby are fully author-
ized and empowered in due form of law, to make and execute
a good deed or deeds of conveyance of the two tracts of land
within mentioned; the produce thereof to be vested in such other
real estate as may be most for their advantage, the income thereof
to be applied to and for providing necessaries for their military ex-
ercises, and defraying the other charges that may arise by occasion
thereof.

"June IGth, 1731. Consented to. J, Belcher, Governor."

The Ar. Co. in 1737, sold their lands in Rutland, but
to whom, and for how much, the records do not show.
The Dunstable lands were, however, sold to Col. Blan-
chard, and a mortgage taken as security ; and, after the
mortgagor's death, long continued in dispute ; until a
suit thereon was commenced in the United States Court
for the District of New Hampshire, and judgment ren-
dered in their favor. Finally, Col. Blanchard's heirs
paid off the incumbrance, 1789.

1732.
Capt. Joshua Cheever, Boston. From his inven-

tory, June, 1753, and the fact of the mansion estate of
Col. Wilham Downe being divided between his two
grand-children, I suppose him the son-in-law of Col.
Downe, and that he died before his father-in-law, who
took care of his minor children. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1736 ; Captain 1741. He was probably brother to
Ezekiel, Ar. Co. 1733.

Capt. Ebenezer Storer, Boston, merchant.* En-

* See his character, in Boston Gazette, June Ist, 1761.

280

sign of the Ar. Co. 1744; Lieutenant 1746; Captain
1749. He died May22d, 1761, aged 63. He possess-
ed a large property, £1900 10 1, lawful money; his
dwelhng house in Union street, £800 ; post-chariot and
horses, together with two negro boys, are mentioned.
Plis tomb is in the Chapel ground. He was a Deacon.

Joseph Goldthwait, Boston, (alive 1784.)

Edward Bromfield, Jr, Boston, merchant ; son of
E. Bromfield, Ar. Co. 1707, and grandson of Edward,
1679. Representative. He died April 19th, 1756. A
member of the Old South.

William Rand, Boston, physician. Member of the
Old South.

Capt. Thomas Hubbard, Boston, merchant, Esquire.
Graduated at Har. Col. 1721 ; Representative 1746,
fourteen years ; Speaker ten years ; Treasurer of Har.
College. He died 14th January, 1773. Deacon of the
Old South 1739, and resigned 1764.

Josiah Carter.

Thomas Baker.

Capt. Caleb Lyman, Boston, shop-keeper ; born in
Northampton, Sept. 17th, 1678. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1735; Captain 1739. Deacon of a church, and
wealthy. H e died at Weston, Mass. Nov. 1 9th, 1 742, aged
65, after twelve weeks' sickness ; and his funeral sermon
was preached by William Williams. His will gives the
New North Church £500. His tomb, in North (Copp's
Hill) burial-ground. No. 28, says that he died Nov. 17th,
aged 64. He made a very bold excursion up Connec-
ticut river in 1704, as far as Coos county — spelt by
Hutchinson, Cohas — against the Indians. He went
alone, with five friendly Indians, and, after nine or ten
days, came upon the enemy, and killed seven out of
nine — two only escaped, wounded.

28]

Artillery Election Sermon, 1732, by Oliver Peabody,
Natick— 2d Sam. I. 18tli. Printed.

1733.

Col. John Wendell, Boston, merchant, (probably
son of Abraham, of Albany, and born there, and nephew
of Col. Jacob, 1733.) The firm Jacob, or John Wen-
dell & Co. kept a large warehouse in Merchants' Row.
More business was done and wealth accumulated in
Merchants' Row, than in any other street of equal ex-
tent in Boston. I presume he was Colonel of Boston
Regiment. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1734 ; Captain 1740.
He does not appear to have sustained any public sta-
tion. From some facts, I think he did not continue in
the copartnership. Administration 1762 ; his estate was
appraised at £959 7 2, but was probably insolvent.

Capt. Ezekiel Cheever, Charlestown. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1736. He graduated at Harvard College
1733. A Representative and Councillor. I suppose
him a descendant of Ezekiel, of Boston, who died 1709,
aged 94 — the school-master of the principal gentlemen.

Capt. John Endicott.

Lieut. Col. John Carnes, Boston, pewterer. This
trade was then profitable and reputable, now extinct.
He was born in Boston, xApril 3d, 1698. His father was
a Captain in the British Navy. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1745; Captain 1748 ; an officer in the militia, and
Lieut. Colonel, in which office he died, March 4th,
1760, after a few days' confinement with a fever. " The
officers walked at the funeral before the corpse." In-
ventory, 1852 16 10, lawful currency, among which is
his mansion house and land in Ann street, £1000. His
tomb is No. 8, Copp's Hill. Francis Carnes, Esq, Har.
Col. 1805, was a descendant, as I am informed. There
is now remaining in the family of Carnes, in Boston, a

282

picture representing this ancestor as commanding a
company on Boston Common. I suppose it was the
Ar. Co. on Election day. A member of the Old South
Church.

Capt. Henry Berry, Boston. Deacon of West
Church. Administration 1760. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1742.

Capt. Joseph Fitch, Boston ; probably son of Col.
Thomas. 1700. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1741.

Ensign Thomas Gooding, Boston.

Capt. William Salter, Boston. Administration
1734.

Ensign John Grant.
William Williams.

Benjamin Clarke, Boston. Member of Old South
Church.

Lieut. Col. John Symmes, Boston. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1749; Lieutenant 1752; Captain 1755 and
1761. He was Major, and, on the decease of Lieut.
Col. Carnes, Lieut. Colonel of Boston Regiment, in
which office he died, Feb. 27th, 1764. He was buried
under arms — one company and the officers of the regi-
ment preceded the corpse. Member of the Old South.

Capt. James Day.

Ephraim Baker.

Edward Vail, Boston, baker. Died July, 1749.

Ensign Ephraim Copeland, Boston, tailor. Admin-
istration 1766. Member of the Old South.

Samuel Jackson.

Col. Richard Saltonstall, Haverhill, lawyer ; born
at Haverhill, June 14th, 1703; great-grandson of Sir
Richard. He graduated at Harvard College 1722. He

283

was a scientific and practical farmer. At the early age
of twenty-three he received a commission as Colonel of
one of the Essex Regiments. His son Richard was the
fourth in succession of that family who had filled the
office. He was chosen Commander of the Ar. Co.
1737, and of course presided at the first centennial
celebration, and undoubtedly selected for that occasion.
The approach of that event began, the year previous to
his admission, to stimulate many enterprising merchants
and public characters to join, that the reputation of the
corps might receive their support on that occasion, and
they gave its prosperity an impetus which it deserved.
Col. Saltonstall was a Judge of the Superior Court at
the time. He, on that occasion, selected one of the first
clergymen in the State, and, although an old man, he
gave one of the best and most appropriate discourses
ever delivered before the Company. In his judgment,
a veteran should preach before a veteran corps.

Judge Saltonstall was Chairman of the Committee for
settling the boundary line between Massachusetts and
New Hampshire, which had always been in contention,
1737. " He was a man of talents and learning; an
accomplished officer, and peculiarly distinguished for
hospitality and liberality. His address was polished,
affable, and interesting ; his disposition kind and affec-
tionate, and he was extremely beloved by all who knew
him. He left three sons and two daughters. Abigail
married Col. Watson, of Plymouth, and died soon after
marriage, without children ; and Mary married Rev.
Moses Badger, of the Episcopal Church in Providence,
R. I." He was appointed Judge 1736, and sustained
his station on the bench with dignity and honor until
his decease, Oct. 20th, 1756. The family of Saltonstall
to this day remain, sustaining the reputation of their
ancestors. Hon. Leverett Saltonstall, of Salem, and

284

the wife of Hon. Judge Merrill, of Boston, are of that
family.

Ebenezer Swan.

Capt. John Codman, Charlestown. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1745. Ancestor of the Codmans in Boston and
Dorchester.

Lieut. Benjamin Hallowell, Boston, shipwright.
Will proved Jan. 5th, 1737-8.

Capt. Isaac White, Boston.

Capt. Habijah Savage, Jr, Boston, Esquire. Grad-
uated at Harvard College 1723; son of Lieut. Col. H.
Savage, 1699. Will proved Sept. 23d, 1746.

Joseph Dyar.

Zechariah Fitch.

Joseph Pomroy.

Col. Jacob Wendell, Boston, merchant ; son of John
and Elizabeth, and born at Albany, Aug. 5th, 1691. He
married Sarah Oliver, daughter of James and Mary, at
Boston, August 12th, 1714. Their issue was four sons
and nine daughters. The late Hon. Oliver Wendell, of
Boston, was his youngest son. He was many years
Selectman of Boston, and, in 1634, gave £50 toward
the erection of a market. His mansion house was at
the corner of School and Common streets, and he built
a new house between that and the present Latin School.
My grandfather worked as journeyman under the late
Col. T. Dawes, upon that building. While examining
it, the following recollection of Col. W. was recited by
the old gentleman : —

" Col. Wendell was a man of great personal dignity. His dress
was rich, being a scarlet embroidered coat, gold-laced cocked hat,
embroidered long waistcoat, small clothes with gold knee buckles,
silk stockings with gold clocks, shoes and large gold or silver

285

buckles, as the importance of the occasion or business required ; full
ruffles at the bosom and wrists, and walking with a gold-headed cane.
His numerous workmen dined at the same hour as his family, but in
separate rooms; when meals were ready, Col. W. would uniformly
take a chair and ask a blessing and return thanks, standing in the
front entry, between the rooms. It must have been an imposing
spectacle to see a merchant of those days, in such costume, walking
the exchange, in King street."

At the great fire in Boston, he was a great sufferer.
Large collections were made in other provinces to aid
the sufferers. He refused any part of the contributions.
Upon a final dividend among the sufferers, it was found
that there was about £60 left, which could not easily be
divided. It was appropriated to purchase, for his daugh-
ter, Margaret, an eight-day clock, &c. Lieut. Colonel
of Boston Regiment, 1735, and Colonel, 1736, which
office he held, 1743; Captain of the Ar. Co. 1735 and
1745, and remained a prominent member to his de-
cease. Inventory — real estate, £10233 6 8; lands, in
Berkshire county, £1466 14 8. He died Sept. 7th,
1761, aged 72, and was buried in his family tomb, in
the Chapel ground. The officers of the regiment all
walked in procession before the corpse, though he was
not in commission when he died. The following is
taken from an obituary.

"Died here, the Hon, Jacob Wendell, Esq, who for many years
was Overseer of the Poor,* Colonel of the regiment, one of His
Majesty's Justices of the Peace, and Council. As a merchant, he
was early distinguished, not only by the largeness of his dealings,
but also by his probity and honor, which soon created him an exten-
sive reputation in the commercial world ; and, as he had many op-
portunities of employing the poor, encouraging the industrious
tradesman, and advancing those who were entering upon the world,
so no man could improve such apportunities with greater pleasure.
The indigent and distressed were often and largely relieved by his
alms. With great cheerfulness he aided every project for the com-
mon good.

* Boston Gazette and Country Journal No. 337, Sept. 14th, 1761.

286

" His family remember, with the tenderest feelings, how much he
endeared himself in every domestic relation. His friends cannot
forget his openness of heart, his readiness to oblige, the freedom
and cheerfulness which appeared at his hospitable board. Through a
long course of years, he gave a constant and exemplary attendance
upon all the offices of christian piety, expressing upon all occasions
a regard for every thing relating to it."

Capt. Samuel Watts, Chelsea, yeoman, grandson
of Col. P. Tovvnsend, 1674; Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1735; Captain, 1742. One of His Majesty's Council.

Lieut. ThOxMas Dovvne, Boston ; probably son of
Col. Wilham.

Lieut. Nathan Cheever.

Capt. John Pecker.

William Warner.

William Cock, Boston, master mariner; insolvent,
1736.

Thomas Clarke.

Capt. Daniel Bell, Boston, merchant ; died about
1791.

Daniel Tucker.

Ensign Thomas Pratt.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 733, by Nathaniel Ap-
pleton, Cambridge — James IV. 1st. Printed.

1734.*
Capt. Daniel Epes, Jr, son of Capt. Daniel, 1706.
Gear Coffin.

Nathaniel Thayer, Boston, leather dresser; alive,

1772.

* March 12th, 1734. There was a town meeting respecting the erection and
improvement of the Mall. This may be considered the first considerable effort
for that object. See the Bostoa Comajercial Gazette, September, 1826.

287

Col. John Chandler, Jr, Worcester, eldest son of
Maj. Chandler, 1725, and, like his father, was Judge of
the Common Pleas, Justice and Clerk of the County
Courts, Sheriff, Judge of Probate, Register of Probate
and Deeds, and County Treasurer ; Representative,
Coucillor, and Colonel of the Worcester Regiment;
Captain of the Ar. Co. 1736. His son, John, succeed-
ed him as Judge of Probate. Col. C. was a man of
great influence and respectabihty. He died August 7th,
1762, aged 68.

Capt. Elnathan Jones.

Col. Joseph Dwight, Brookfield; Speaker of the
House, 1749 ; Colonel of a regiment, of Worcester
County; Councillor; Captain of the Ar. Co. 1743.

Matthew Barnard.

Andrew Symmes.

Ensign John Rennet, Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1750.

Lieut. Samuel Pratt, Chelsea, tanner; Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1748; Lieutenant, 1753 — ^during which
year he probably died.

Atillery Election Sermon, 1734, by Charles Chaun-
cey, Boston— Judges XVIII. 27th-28th. Printed.

1735.

Abraham Belknap.

Maj. John Wendell, Jr, Boston, merchant. I sup-
pose the son of Col. John, 1733. His will was proved
August, 1772. He was buried in his tomb, No. 55,
Granary.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1735, by Hull Abbot,
Charlestown — Exodus XV. 3d. Printed.

288

1736.
James Wright, son of James, Ar. Co. 1715.

Capt. John Welch, Boston, carver. He lived at
West Boston. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1751 ; Lieuten-
ant, 1754; Captain, 1756. He died Feb. 9th, 1789,
aged 78. In the front range of tombs. Chapel ground,
there is "John Welch, Tomb." " His wife died 1736,
aged 19."

Ensign Aaron Boardivian, Boston, tinman. Will
proved 1754.

Daniel Watts.

Col. Nathaniel Thwing, Boston ; father of Maj.
Thwing, 1761. "April 17th, 1768, Col. Thwing, of
this town, was seized with an apoplectic fit, in the
street, as he was returning home from public worship,
and now lies at the point of death." " He died Monday,
1 8th. He was a gentleman well respected ; formerly
one of the Selectmen ; in the late war, (old French war,)
Colonel of a provincial regiment, and in every action
conducted with approbation."*

Artillery Election Sermon, 1736, by Peter Clarke,
Salem— 1st Corinth. XVI. 13th. Printed.

1737.

Maj. Moses Deshon, Boston, auctioneer; originally
a carver; an Assessor, 1770.

CoL. Joseph Blanchard, Dunstable, now Nashua;
born Feb. 11th, 1705. A great speculator in lands, and
purchased the Artillery farm, in Dunstable. He was a
mandamus councillor, of New Hampshire ; appointed
1740, and sustained the office until his death, in 1758,

* Extract from an old newspaper.

289

April 7th, aged 53. In conjunction with Rev. Samuel
Langdon, D. D. he published a map of New Hamp-
shire, in 1761. ,He was appointed Judge of the Sup.
Court of New Hampshire, in 1749, which office lie held
till his decease. He commanded a regiment of 500
men, ten companies, raised in N. Hampshire, in 1755,
and was engaged in the French war, at Crown Point.

Lieut. Thomas Drowne, Boston ; Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1753; Lieutenant, 1756. Snow, p. 245, speaks of
a Deacon Drowne, as the ingenious artist who made
the figure in bronze which surmounts the cupola of the
Old Province House. If so, he was a brass founder.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1737, by Wilham Williams,
Weston — Eccles. IX. 18th. Printed.

1738.

Lieut. Samuel Haley.

John Daniel,

Capt. Joseph Edwaeds, Boston; son of John, 1699;
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1754.

Jacob Emmons, Boston.

Col. Joseph Jackson, Boston, distiller. Major of
Boston Fiegiment 1758; Colonel 1761 to 1763. He
succeeded Col. Phillips as Treasurer of the Ar. Co. 1763,
and continued in that office till the Revolution. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1746; Lieutenant 1749; Captain 1752.
His will disposes of his portrait to his son Joseph. The
first inventory was £3535 14, and second, £3144 19 5,
stocks principally. He died at Boston, April 10th, 1790,
aged 83, (tomb-stone in the Chapel ground,) and was
buried — though not in commission — under arms, by the
Ar. Co. It is on this occasion that a band of music was
first used, but it was paid for by the family of the de-
ceased. A member of the 0. S. Church.

290

Capt. Arthur Savage, Boston ; a descendant of the
charter member. Will proved Feb. 8th, 1765. Mem-
ber of the O. S. Church.

Sendal Williams.

Col. WiLLiAZtT Taylor, Boston ; probably Colonel
of Milton Regiment. Died at Milton, Feb. 16th, 1789,
aged 75. His tomb is in the Chapel ground. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1756; Lieutenant 1759; Captain 1760.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1738, by Benjamin Col-
man, D. D. Boston — Isaiah XI. 10th. Printed.

1739.

Capt. Ralph Hart, Boston, shipwright. Captain of
the Ar. Co. 1754. Died March 14th, 1776, aged 77—
grave-stone on Copp's Hill. His son and grandson
were noted shipwrights, and built the Constitution frig-
ate, " Old Ironsides."

Capt. Thomas Savage, Boston, merchant; second
son of Lieut. Col. Habijah S. 1699 ; was born in Bos-
ton, Jan. 5th, 1711. Captain of militia, and died Dec.
19tli, 1760. The officers of the regiment walked at
the funeral. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1752; Lieutenant
1755 ; Captain 1757. " He was the grandfather of the
learned Antiquary of New England," and author of the
valuable notes in the last edition of Winthrop's History
of New England. Inventory, £7122 6 4^, lawful cur-
rency,— his real estate at the North End and Long
wharf, over £2000.

Samuel Salter, Jr.

Capt. John Storer.

Maj. Samuel Goodwin, Charlestown; died 1802,
aged 86.

John Waldo, Boston, merchant. A founder of the
"New Brick."

291

Ensign William Simpkins, Boston ; son of Thomas,
1727. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1757.

Capt. James Butler, Boston ; buried in tlie Granary.

John Franklyn, Boston, tallow chandler ; relation
of Dr. Benjamin ; was Post Master, and died at Boston,
Jan. 30th, 1736, aged 67. Dr. F. was chosen Colonel
of the Philadelphia Regiment, February, 1736.

Ensign Thomas Edes, Boston, printer. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1762.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1739, by Samuel Mather,
Boston— 1st Sam. XVII. 31st. Printed.

1740.

Capt. Johathan Cary, Boston. Lieutenant of the
Ar. Co. 1 762. He died Dec. 29th, 1 801 , aged 83. His
grave-stone, on Copp's Hill, says "he was a Univer-
sahst," — probably one of the first converts of the Rev.
Mr. John Murray, and a founder of the first Universalist
Church. The first Universalists in Boston were Trin-
itarians and believers in the Atonement. Much oppo-
sition was shown to Murray. At one of his early meet-
ings, the Orthodox besmeared their meeting-house seats
with wheel grease ; but the late Hon. Rufus King very
coolly wiped it oflf for himself and the ladies in the pew
with his white handkerchief. On another occasion,
Murray preached in the Old South ; neither party were
allowed to take the pulpit ; so Mr. Murray held a dis-
putation with the Old South minister, Rev. John Bacon,
afterwards of Stockbridge ; and some of the hearers
pelted Murray with eggs. Upon his return from meet-
ing, his garments much spotted, he w as asked how he
was treated : " Oh, very well, — 1 have been treated
with Bacon and eggs."

Thomas Baxter.

292

Maj. Newman Greenough, Boston, Esquire. Major
of Boston Regiment. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1755:
Lieutenant 1757 ; Captain 1758. His will, proved Feb.
23d, 1781, speaks of " advanced age." Fireward 1770.

Ensign Joseph Bradford, Boston, glazier. Will
proved 1787.

John Nichols.

Benjamin Goldthwait, Boston, trader. Died March,
1782.

John Hyland.

Ensign John Adams ; supposed of Braintree. Will
proved 1761.

Artillery Election Seraion, 1740, by Mather Byles,*
Boston— 1st Sam. XVII. 45th. Printed.

1741.
Thomas Snow.

John Dixwell, Boston, jeweller. His father, Johii,
was a goldsmith. I suppose he was grandson of one of
King Charles's judges. He died May, 1749.

John Milliken.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1741, by Samuel Phillips^

h. P

1742.

Andover — Judges V. 18th. Printed.

Joseph Butler.

Lieut. Nathan Blodget.

• Dr. Mather Byles was the first Congregational Minister wbo appeared m the
pulpit at Boston in a gown with bands. His congregation considered it popery.
He appeared in tlie forenoon habited thus; in the intermission, the deacons, &c.
waited on him, and he was obliged to lay it aside, or preach to bare walls. This
dress was sent a present to him by the Archbishop of Canterbury, with whom he
is said to have corresponded. The year following, there came an order from the
British government, for all the Judges to sit on the bench clothed in scarlet cloaks
and large white wigs.

293

Benjamin Church, Boston, physician ; father of the
famous Dr. B. Church ; was a violent Whig at the com-
mencement of the Revohition, but when the tug of war
came on, became a Tory. An Assessor, 1770. He
graduated at Harvard College 1727.

Lieut. Joseph Belknap, Boston; son of Jeremiah,
1724. Died at Dover, N. H. August, 1797, aged 81.
A member of the 0. S. Church.

Caleb Phillips.

Thomas Johnston, Jr.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1742, by John Taylor,
Milton— Prov. XVI. 32d.

1743.

Capt. Jacob Hurd, Boston, merchant. Died at Hal-
ifax, N. S. aged 71. He was one of the first settlers
there. There was one of the same name, of Roxbury,
whose inventory appears 1758.

Kenelm Win slow, Jr.

Capt. John Gore, Boston, painter. An officer of
the Boston militia. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1758.
His tomb is No. 2^Granary, (repaired 1772.) He was
the father, I suppose, of the late Gov. Gore. > d.

In May, 1743, Halberts were first used by the Sergeants; and it
was decided that the Captain, or presiding officer, had a right to
make, or introduce, any motion.

In 1743, Lieut. Col. D. Henchman, afterwards Commander, intro-
duced a motion to have a duplicate of the Records, and gave a book
for the purpose. The transcript, however, was not completed until
1750. Through the similar foresight of Major Thomas Savage, in
1780, Nathaniel Barnes, Clerk, was ordered to make " a list of all
the officers' names of this Company, which have been since their
first settlement, as far as any account is to be found thereof, &c. ;"
and which list was completed September, 1681. To the fidelity of
Barnes we are indebted for the preservation of the roll of members

294

and list of officers in the early years of the Company. To Hench-
man we are no less indebted for the preservation of Barnes's doings,
and the records up to 1750. Much of the original is lost ; Hench-
man's copy is, however, entire. The Ar. Co. paid the Clerk £A for
this transcript.

At the same time the Company, having somewhat declined in annual
admissions, a resolution was passed, " that the colours (standard) be
hung out upon our training days, at Major Henchman's corner, (the
south corner of State street and old Cornhill,) and the place of pa-
rade to be the Town House." The lower floor of the State House,
(now the Post Office,) recently stores and offices, was then an open
area. The custom of placing the standard there in the morning, to
remain as a notification for the training, until the Company was
formed, was long adhered to. After Faneuil Hall Armory was estab-
lished there — which Boston was obliged to furnish for the Company,
having received Keayne's donation for the purpose — the Ar, Co,
held their meetings and formed there. The Lieutenant was detach-
ed with a platoon, to bring the standard to the parade. This cere-
mony was abolished in 1795. It was a stormy day, and the colors
were then brought from Henchman's corner, for the last time, by
Capt. Joseph Eaton. Gen. Arnold Welles, who commanded in 1812,
when a boy, served his time in that store, and had the charge of the
colors, and from him the account w\is received.

The zeal and talents of several commanders, for a series of years,
preserved the ancient respectability of the institution. As most of
the members resided in Boston, most of the commanders were se-
lected from among them ; but the election of Col. Thaxter, 1 728 ;
Gen. Brattle, 1733; Col. Chandler, 1736; Col. Saltonstall, Hon.
Samuel Watts, and others, show the Company occasionally elected
distinguished men from various parts of the country.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1743, by William Hooper^
Boston— Gal. VI. 14th.

1744.
Capt. John Comerin, Boston, trader. Inventory 1762.-

Thomas Creenough, Boston, mathematical instru-
ment maker. Will dated 1785.

Isaac Cazneau.

Capt. Thomas Stoddard, Boston ; probably grand-
son of Anthony, Ar. Co. 1639. He commanded a com-

295

pany against the Indians, and there is extant a printed
sermon on the occasion of their departure, by Rev.
Samuel Checkley. He died April 12th, 1763, aged 64.
His grave-stone stands on Copp's Hill.

Ensign Joseph Gale, Boston, upholsterer. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1758. Will proved 1774.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1744, by Joseph Parsons,
Bradford— 2d Sam. XVII. 8th. Printed.

1745.
Ensign Jeremiah Belknap, Jr, Boston ; son of Jer-
emiah, 1724. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1763. A mem-
ber of the O. S. Church.

John West, Boston, merchant. Administration 1750.

John Wilson.

Capt. Benjamin Russell, Boston, housewright. His
will names his sons, Benjamin, Ar. Co. 1788, John, 1792,
Thomas, (possibly 1769,) and five others. He died July
9th, 1760, aged 63, — grave-stone in the Granary.

Benjamin Walcott, Boston, blacksmith.

William Baker.

John Butler, Boston, cooper. Died June, 1748.

Capt. John Wendell, 3d, Boston.

Joseph Sherburne.

Capt. Eneas Mackay, Boston.

Many members of the Ar. Co. took an active part as
officers in the siege of Louisburg, this year.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1745, by Thomas Pren-
tice, Charlestown — Isaiah LXIII. 1st.

1746.
Alexander Hill.

John Austin.

296

Samuel Swift, Boston, lawyer ; son of Col. Samuel,
1724. Will proved June, 1776. He graduated at Har-
vard College 1735.*

Col. Samuel Hendley.

Maj. Samuel Livermore, (Watertown ;) Major of
1st regiment militia.

Thomas Lawlor, Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1746, by Nathaniel Walter,
Roxbury— 2d Tim. IV. 7th, 8th. Printed.

1747.t
ThOxMas March.

Capt. Onesiphorus Tilestone, Boston, housewright.
Selectman. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1739 ; Lieutenant
1760; Captain 1762. His mansion was in Purchase
street, opposite his wharf, which still bears his name.
He died Nov. 27th, 1771, aged 61. Inventory 1772—
mansion, £633 6 8 ; wharf and flats, &c. £2533 6 8 ;
other real estate, tools, &c. £4113 4 0, lawful money.
Tomb No. 5, Granary.

Jonathan Lowder, Boston ; son of Wilham, Ar. Co.
1708. Administration 1769. Member of the Old South
Church.

Thomas Raymond.

Col. Josiah Edson, Jr, Bridgewater, yeoman. He
was a wealthy, intelligent farmer — many years Select-

*The Register of 1772 states that there were ten Barristers in Boston, and tliat
the whole number of Lawyers in Massachusetts Province then was fifty-one.

t This year, the Council books of records were burnt, in the Court House, Nov.
17th, 1747. A mob set fire to the house of Col T. Hutchinson, in North square,
in which his valuable papers were destroyed. This was a great loss in the early
history of New England. At this time the militia were called out to suppress tlie
mob, and were notified by beat of drum. This had been the early mode of noti-
fying trainings; it was also the only mode of calling the people together for re-
ligious services, until bells came into fashion in Boston.

297

man and Representative. He commanded the Bridge-
water regiment, 1772. He was one of the King's Mm-
damus Council, at the Revolution. Doubting the pro-
priety and abihty of resisting the mother country, lie
was stigmatised as a Tory. The good people of B. be-
ing nearly all Whigs, assembled to tar and feather the
old man ; and the mob (several hundred) collected in
the evening, and began their tumultuous march. The
veneration they had always borne him, served to curb
their passions as they approached, and it was found,
when Vv'ithin half a mile of his house, that the mob had
imperceptibly dwindled to ten ; who stopped to consider
what was to be done, and, awed by his amiable charac-
ter and dignity, concluded quietly to return to their
homes, leaving the old gentleman to enjoy his opinions
without molestation. He was J.Jge of the Common
Pleas, Plymouth County.

John Edwards, Jr.

Capt. Jo si ah Waters, Boston, painter. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1760; Lieutenant 1763; Captain 1769.
Administration 1785. A member of the O. S. Church,

Capt. W^illiam Homes, Boston, silversmith ; father
of Lieut. William, 1766. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1761 ; Captain 1765. His place of business and abode
was in Ann street. A Fireward in 1770. A member of
the O. S. Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1747, by William Hobby,
Reading— Ps. LXXVIII. 9th, 10th. Printed.

1748.
Edward Cowell, Jr.

So tenacious had the Ar. Co. been of their privileges,
that few instances are found of interference. April 1st,
1748, was appointed for a town meeting in Boston ;

298

but, it appearing that that day was one of the charter
field days, "the meeting was declared null and void, as
being contrary to the Artillery charter." A similar in-
stance like to have occurred during the late Mayoralty
of President Quincy, the warrant having been made
out ; but that efficient officer, discovering the coinci-
dence, immediately countermanded it.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1748, by Samuel Dunbar,
Stoughton— Heb. XI. 32d, 54th. Printed.

1749.

William More, Boston. Member of the Old South
Church.

The Ar. Co. found themselves embarrassed by the Assessors of
Boston taxing the Company funds. Having reluctantly paid taxes for
three years, they, by their Committee, all venerable past Command-
ers, petitioned the Legislature to direct the taxes to be refunded;
and that in future their property should not be subject to taxation.
This petition contains much spirit, in claiming their rights, and pat-
riotism in the public service. It was thereupon, " in Council, June
15th, 1749, read, and ordered, that the prayer of this petition be
granted, and that the aforementioned taxes, imposed on the Treas-
urer of the Artillery Company aforesaid, be remitted ; and it is hereby
declared that the donations made, or to be made, to said Company,
shall be exempt from all taxes whatsoever, until this Court shall or-
der otherwise,

"In the House of Representatives — Read and concurred.

"J. DwiGHT, Speaker.

" Consented to. S. Phips, Governor."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1749, by Ellis Gray, Bos-
ton—Micah IV. 3d, 4th.

1750.

CoL. John Leverett, Boston, Esquire ; a descend-
ant of Gov. J. Leverett ; Lieut. Colonel of Boston regi-
ment, 1772; afterwards Colonel, and resigned 1773.
Administration July, 1777.

299

Brig. Gen. Isaac Royal, Medford; Brig. General,
1761, beinjjf the first of that title among Americans.
He founded the Professorsliip of Law, in Harv, College ;
left this country April IGth, 1775, and I presume died
in England, as his will was dated at Kensington, Eng-
land.

Thomas Newman.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1750, by Andrew Eliot,
Boston— 2d Chron. VI. 7th, 8th.

1751.

Thomas Hubbart.

John Coburn, Boston, merchant ; died January, 1 803,
aged 78.

John Bridge.

Capt. Daniel Gookin, Boston, bookseller; a de-
scendant of Maj. Gen. Gookin, 1645. Inventory, 1752.

Nathaniel Baker.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1751, by Samuel Cooper,
Boston — 2d Kings V. 1st. Printed.

1752.

Ensign Samuel Torrey, Jr, Boston, merchant;
Clerk of the Ar. Co.; Ensign, 1765. He died Nov.
18th, 1768, aged 42. Tomb in the Granary. A mem-
ber of the O.S. Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1752, by Ebenezer Bridge,
Chelmsford — Acts X. 1st, 2d. Printed.

No members were admitted in 1753.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1753, by Samuel Cooke,
Cambridge— 1st Sam. XVII. 38th, 39th.

300

1754.

Maj. Gen. William Heath, Roxbury, yeoman ; son
of William. At the age of twenty-nine, when a private
citizen, he joined the Ar. Co. 1754. His memoirs* say,
that his becoming a member recommended him to the
Colonel of the first regiment in Suffolk, and he was ap-
pointed Captain of the company in Roxbury, and rose
to be Colonel. It has been frequently said by old mem-
bers, that Gen. Heath, and other Roxbury and Dor-
chester members, used to walk into Boston, with their
guns, &c. to attend drill meetings. The Ar. Co. then
had no armory. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1768 ; Cap-
tain, 1770.

Gen. Heath was on^ of the first five general officers
appointed in the revolutionary army, at Cambridge,
Feb. 9th, 1775. During the war he continued active
in the cause of his country, and his memoirs exhibit a
detailed account of his various and important services.
On disbanding the army. Gen. Heath retired as a Major
General. His writings, under the signature of "A Mili-
tary Countryman," were productive of mucii good. He"
was a Representative, 1761, from Roxbury; Senator
and Councillor, 1791-2. His patriotic services induced
his fellow citizens to propose him for Governor, or
Lieut. Governc, but he was always unsuccessful until
1806, when he was elected Lieut. Governor. He de-
clined, however, to accept, and refused to be qualified.
Gen. Heath was chosen by the people, 1812, an Elector
of President, and was President of the College of Elect-
ors, the whole of whom voted for De Witt Clinton.
On this electoral ticket he was run in opposition to Ex-
President Adams, and considered his success as the
happiest victory in his fife.

* Written by himself ; containing much information relative to the war of the
Revolution.

301

In 1768, several regiments of British troops were in
Boston. On a field day, under command of Capt. Heath,
then Lieutenant,* it appearing probable that the Ar.
Co. would not leave the Common until after the roll-call
of the troops, their commanding officer sent orders that
he must retire without beat of drum, and that there
must be no firing at the deposit of their standard. The
Company opposed a compliance ; but Lieut. Heath,
conceiving it his duty to comply with the orders of a
superior officer in his Majesty's service, marched to
Faneuil Hall in silence, and without firing. This ap-
peared to some of the members an infringement of their
privileges. One Hopestill Capen, then Orderly, resent-
ed it so highly, that he went to the top of his house,
and fired his musket three times, and even many years
after would not vote for Gen. Heath. No one can doubt
the patriotism of Gen. H. ; he was guided by that dis-
cretion which ever ought to characterize a commander.
He lived to an advanced age, and died universally la-
mented. His funeral was attended by the Ar. Co. though
he had ceased to be a member, from respect to his
amiable character and patriotism. He was a genuine
republican, affable in his manners, and firm in his prin-
ciples.

Capt. Daniel Jones, Boston ; Deacon of West
Church.

Col. David Mason, Boston. A founder and first
Captain of " the Train of Artillery," attached to Boston
Regiment, founded about 1763, and who paraded with
one cannon only at the funeral of Col. John Phillips.
It was formed soon after the Cadets, and the present
South End Artillery are their successors. Capt. Mason
served under Col. Knox, as his Lieut. Colonel, in a

*It was customary before the Revolution, and so continued until recently, to give
the Lieutenant the privilege of command one field day during the year.

302

regiment of artillery in the Continental Army. Gen.
Knox was a bookbinder, and pursued that occupation,
opposite the west end of the Town (Old State) House ;
and was a founder of a corps of Grenadiers in Boston,
among whom he acquired the first rudiments of mihtary
tactics. When promoted, Col. Mason succeeded him
as Colonel, and was an able officer.

Col. Thomas Dawes, Jr, Boston, bricklayer. Born
at Boston, August 6th, 1731. One of the first great
mechanics of Boston. His mansion was in Purchase
street, near Capt. Tileston's. He was father of the late
venerable Judge Dawes.

He commenced his military career as Adjutant of
Boston Regiment, and commanded the central militia
company, whose place of parade was behind the first
Church, or Cornhill square. During his command of
that company he introduced an improvement in music.
Before that time no martial music was used on training
days but the drum. He employed a man, with but one
eye, who played the clarionet, and he caused him to
march about eight paces in front. Marigolds were then
used as cockades. He was Major of Boston Regiment,
1771, under Col. Erving; Lieut. Colonel under Col.
Leverett; and in 1773, Colonel, which office he held
till the Provincial Government was abolished. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1761, Lieutenant 1765, Captain 1766
and 1773.

Upon the adoption of the State Constitution, he be-
came an intimate friend of Hancock, and began to fig-
ure in public life ; for which his talents, industry, wealth
and patriotism well qualified him. He was Representa-
tive, Senator and Councillor. In private hfe he was
active, firm, charitable and affiible. He was Deacon of
O. S. Church, 1786. I shall never forget his venerable
appearance, grave deportment, rich dress and silver

303

locks, when constantly on the Sabbath he walked up
the broad aisle. Early impressions identified him with
true piety. He died* at Boston, January 9th, 1809.
There is a neat white marble monument over his tomb,
in the Chapel ground.

Capt. Benjamin Andrews, Boston.

Joseph Mann.

Capt. Thomas Carnes, Boston ; son of Lieut. Colo-
nel John, 1733.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1754, by Samuel Porter,
Sherburne-— Rom. XII. 18th.

1755.
Henry Perkins.

Francis Whitman, Boston, shipwright ; living in 1760.
William Hyslop, Brookline.
Isaac Decoster.

Maj. Edward Carnes, Boston, ropemaker; son of
Lieut. Col. John, 1733. He was probably the last
Major of Boston Regiment before the revolution ; En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1766; Lieutenant 1769. He died
in August, 1782.

Capt. Samuel Dyer.

Capt. Samuel Whitwell, Boston. An officer of the
Revolution. Died at Boston, June, 1801, aged 84.

Capt. John Joy, Boston, housewright.

Capt. Samuel Barrett, Boston, sailmaker ; proba-
bly grandson of Lieut. Samuel, 1717. Lieutenant of
the Ar. Co. 1766; Captain 1771 ; and on the first field
day, Sept. 2d, 1771, "a new stand of colours was pre-
sented the Ar. Co. by him." He was Deacon of the

*He died January 2d, 1809, says O. S. Catalogue of Church Members.

304

New North Church — an industrious and pious man. He
died August :25th, 1798. Monday, Sept. 3d, 1798, the
Ar. Co. completed the field day duty by attending his
funeral, with side arms, in uniform. During the Revo-
lution, there were some attempts to revive the Com-
pany. In 1783 and 1784, there were several meetings,
which failed of success. Capt. Barrett acted as Clerk,
and preserved a regular record of their doings, attested
by him, and the names of persons present. This paper,
after his decease, was found, and the hand-writing prov-
ing genuine, has been inserted among the records.

Barnabas Clarke.

Capt. Samuel Ballard.

Capt. John Forsyth, Boston.

Capt. Benjamin Phillips, Boston. Died at Lincoln,
May, 1792, aged 76.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1755, by Thaddeus Mac-
carty, Worcester— Ps. LXVIII. 30th.

1756.

Seth Blodget.

Benjamin Brown, Jr.

Ensign Jonas Clark, Boston, Esquire. Ensign of
the Ar. C. 1770.

Benjamin Dolbeare, Boston, merchant. Will, proved
1787, speaks of advanced age.

John Woods.

Capt. Nathaniel Ridgeway.

Capt. Jonathan Cary, Boston ; son of Jonathan,
1740.

Maj. William Bell, Boston, bricklayer, or house-
wright. Lived in Hawkins street. Deacon of the sec-

305

ond (New Brick) Church. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1767 ',
Lieutenant 1771 ; Captain 1774 ; and he reassumed the
command in 1786. He presented the Ar. Co. with two
espontoons, which, after the Revolution, were adopted
as the baton of office for the Commander and Lieuten-
ant, instead of the leading-staff, or pike, and half-pike.
After the battle of Lexington, the people were all
actively engaged in resisting the arbitrary power of
Great Britain. Many members were engaged in the
war, as Continental officers, and those who were not,
were so dispersed as to render meetings impracticable.
To illustrate, however, the feelings and conduct of the
people of that day, an anecdote, related by a bystander,
is here introduced : —

In 1775, before the Ar. Co. suspended its meetings, the Common
was occupied by the British army, and the Ar. Co. were refused ad-
mittance. Capt. Bell, therefore, marched to Copp's Hill. Soon
after the bridge over Charles river was built, ihere was a complaint
against the street at the foot of this hill. It was supposed the pro-
prietors of that part of the hill enclosed from Snowhili street, oughl
to repair the wharf and street at their own expense. This led to en-
iquiry, in town meeting, to whom it belonged ; some one said it be-
longed to this Company. Col. Jackson, their Treasurer, was sent
for, and declared that he considered it their property, a mortgage
upon it to them having long since run out, and that Capt. Bell, with
the Company, had taken possession of it in 1775. Capt. Bell was
then interrogated by Col. Dawes, the Moderator : Why did you
march your Company to Copp's Hill? Answer : I was prohibited
from entering the Common ; conceiving this hill to be the property
of the Company, I marched them there, as a place no one had a right
to exclude them from. Question by Moderator : Supposing a party
of British troops should have been in possession of it, and should
have forbidden you entrance, what would you have done? Answer:
I would have charged bayonets, and forced my way as surely as I
would force my way into my dwelling house, if taken possession of
by a gang of thieves. The late Col. William Tudor, who was then
present, said : " Mr. Moderator, the hill clearly belongs to that Com-
pany, and I wish they would execute a quit-claim deed of it to me
for a fair price." The mortgage was discharged afterwards, and the
street repaired by the town.

306

A senior Captain of a regiment, before the war, rank-
ed as Major. It was thus Capt. Bell gained his rank.
He was a strict discipUnarian, and tenacious of adhering
to the most ancient ceremonies. The Ar. Co. are prin-
cipally indebted to him for its revival ; and, being ad-
vanced in years, he was elected an honorary member,
and continued such to his death. It was not unusual,
in those days, for men of seventy years of age to do
active duty. Deacon Bell was admired for his firmness
and integrity in private life ; the services he rendered
to this institution place him among its most distinguish-
ed patrons.

Capt. Robert Jenkins, 3d, Boston, merchant. He
was Clerk of Trinity Church. Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1769; Lieutenant 1772; Captain 1790. He died at
Boston, August 20th, 1797, aged 63, and was buried
from his house in Summer street, the Ar. Co. in uniform
and side-arms, preceding the corpse. His widow mar-
ried the late Deacon Grant.

Capt. Samuel Ridgeway, Jr, Boston ; brother of
Capt. Nathaniel, 1756.

James Bennett.

Capt. John Deming, Boston, merchant. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. 1771. A member of the O. S. Church.

Col. Edward Proctor, Boston. A revolutionary
officer. TombNo. 16, Copp'sHill. Grandson of Ed-
ward Porter, 1699.

Daniel Boyer, Boston. Member of O. S. Church.

Sept. 6th, 1756, it was " voted that every member of
this Company have a bayonet fitted to his firelock, as
soon as may be."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1756, by Ebenezer Pem-
berton, Boston— Heb. XI. 34th. Printed.

307

1757.

Samuel Emmes.
John Head, Boston.
John Soley.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1757, by Samuel Check-
ley, jr, Boston — Isaiah XIII. 4th, 5th.

1758.
Nathaniel Loring, Boston, merchant. Inventory
1770.
Capt. Edward Jackson.

Col. Nathaniel Barber, Jr, Boston, merchant. A
revolutionary officer.

Capt. Edware Lyde, Boston, merchant. Refugee ;
son of Capt. Edward.

John Dovi^ne.

Capt. William Murray.

Capt. William Boardman, Boston.

Richard Boylston, Charlestown. Died June 30th,
1809, aged 85.

Capt. Moses Peck, Boston. Died March, 1801,
aged 83. Member of the O. S. Church.

Capt. David Jenkin.

Capt. James Cunningham.

Thomas Deering.

Thomas Symmes, Boston ; only son of Lieut. Col.
John, 1733.

Capt. David Spear, Boston, cooper. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1768.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1758, by Thomas Bar-
nard, Salem— Isaiah LIV. 16th, 17th. Printed.

308

1759.

Capt. Job Wheelwright, Boston, cooper. Admin-
istration 1770.

Ensign John Skinner. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1772.

Peter Verstile, Boston, merchant ; hving in 1774.

Ensign Joseph Gale, Jr, Boston; son of Joseph,
1744.

Lieut. Christopher Clark, Boston, merchant.

Maj. Richard Boynton, Boston. Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1764; Lieutenant 1767. Deacon. Died March,
1794, aged 74.

Capt. Samuel Simpson.

JosiAH Salisbury, Boston, merchant. Deacon of
the O. S. Church, 1794, and weakhy. He was one of
the last who wore the old cocked hats. It was always
known if he had money to let, without asking him ; for
if he had, he always wore the front ^eak of his hat high
up when he walked down to the Exchange, and low
down was always sad foreboding to borrowers. He died
May 2d, 1818.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1759, by Amos Adams,
Roxbury— Matt. X. 34th. Printed.

1760.

Capt. Benjamin Edes, Boston, printer, of the firm of
Edes & Gill ; son ol Thomas, 1739.

Col. Andrew Symmes, Jr, Boston, merchant. Died
April nth, 1797, aged 62.

Lieut. Jacob Holland.

Ensign Moses Pitcher, Boston. Member of the
O. S. Church.

309

Lieut. William Dawes, Boston. Tomb in the Chap-
el ground.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1760, byJosiah Sherman,
Woburn— Ps. CXL. 6th.

1761.

Col. Thomas Marshall, Boston, tailor ; son of
Capt. Christopher, 1724. Major of Boston Regiment
1765, and Lieut. Colonel 1767 to 1771. Captain of the
Ar. Co. 1763 and 1767. Col. Marshall died at Weston,
Mass. Nov. 18th, 1800. The following obituary ap-
peared Nov. 26th, 1800:—

" His unblemished morals, even from early youth, have done honor
to the Christian religion, which he firmly believed and publicly pro-
fessed. The first and principal part of his life was spent in Boston,
where he was a worthy and useful citizen, fair in his dealings, to the
needy, helpful — to his friends, generous — to strangers, hospitable —
to all, courteous — in his municipal offices, faithful — in his military
character, distinguished. In the Revolution, Col. Marshall com-
manded a regiment; displaying his love to his country by his zeal in
her cause, and personal bravery. He settled in (Weston,) where,
retired from the bustle of the world, he has uniformly practised the
social and relative duties ; and his numerous friends and relatives,
particularly his very respectable widow, can testify with great sensi-
bility, that his path of life has resembled ' the rising light, that shines
more and more unto the perfect day.' "

Maj. James Cunningham, Boston, painter ; born at
B. April 24th, 1721; father of Maj. Andrew, 1786.
Major of Boston Regiment, 1767 to 1771. Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1764; Captain 1768. Died at B. June
5th, 1795.

Capt. Jeremiah Stimpson.

Sanderson West, Boston. Will proved 1770.

Maj. Nathaniel Thwing, Boston ; son of Col. N. T.
1736.

310

Capt. Martin Gay, Boston, brass founder; son of
Rev. Dr. Ebenezer, of Hingham. Captain of militia.
He was included in the absentee act. He lived, how-
ever, to realize the benefits of a free government. I
had frequent opportunities of hearing him converse. It
was not for want of love for his country that he became
a Tory, but, having large property, and fearing the
ability to resist with success the power of the mother
country, were the causes of his adopting that side, as
many of the most considerate men in the country did
from like motives. The period has arrived when we
can look back and with candor attribute to many of
that class good motives for their conduct. He secretly
wished for his country's success. His latter days were
spent in retirement, and the pleasures of the family
circle, in which he appeared amiable and happy. Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1770; Captain 1772. He died
January, 1 809, aged 82, and was buried in his tomb,
No. 6, Granary. He was a Fireward in 1770, and Dea-
con of West Church.

John Webb, Jr, Boston, merchant.

Lieut. Col. Joseph Webb, Boston, trader; brother
of John. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1773. An officer in
the Revolution. Will dated in 1787.

Soon after the establishment of the Cadets, and " Train of Artil-
lery," a Company was formed among the students in Harvard Col-
lege. They applied to Gov. Hutchinson for arms, but, as they were
mostly opposed to the mother country, he reluctantly yielded to their
request, and avoided, as long as possible, to sign an order for their
delivery. These young heroes, not discouraged, procured toooden
guns, and were reviewed (using them) while the Superior Court was
in session at Cambridge, by the Judges, &c. This corps was " super-
seded" during the Revolution, revived during the administration of
Gov. Gerry, and abolished by President Q,uincy.

The institution of the Cadets and "Train of Artillery" probably
served to lessen admissions into the Ar, Co., and as it had been de-
clining, a Committee was chosen " to consider some method for the

311

advantage and unity of the Company." April field-day, 17G1, the
two following resolutions were adopted : —

" 1st. That when any person ofters himself for admission, he shall
be publicly proposed, and stand candidate one term ; that so, none
may be admitted but persons of good repute, who are able and wil-
ling to attend on training days, and bear their part of the expense.

" 2d. That the members of the Company duly attend their duty
on training days, study for peace, unity and good order among them-
selves ; that so they may encourage the officers of the militia and
other suitable persons to join them, and support the credit and use-
fulness of the Company, always keeping to those good and whole-
some rules, by which the Company has subsisted for 123 years."

These resolutions, adopted while Col. William Taylor was Com-
mander, produced the desired effect; for, upon comparing the roster
of Boston Regiment, of 1770, with the roll, we find that, of the forty-
four commissioned officers of the regiment, including the "Train of
Artillery," every officer, field, platoon, or staff, excepting one Lieu-
tenant and five Ensigns, were members of the Ancient. It is proba-
ble they reverted back to Keayne's advice.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1761, by Jason Haven,
Dedham— Prov. XVI. 32d. Printed.

1762.

Lieut. William Phillips, Boston ; born August
29th, 1737; merchant; youngest son of Col. John,
1 725. Married Margaret, daughter of Col. Jacob Wen-
dell, and died December, 1771.

Thomas Stevenson, Boston. After failing in trade,
he was long a Constable, and lived to a venerable age,
being one of the last who kept up the ancient dignity of
that office.

CoL. Adino Paddock, Boston, chair-maker. Lived
in Tremont street, opposite the Granary burial-ground,
the venerable elms in front of which he planted. He
was a British Colonel. Fireward 1770. He succeeded
Capt. Mason as Commander of the " Train of Artillery,"
1668. Under Paddock, who was a complete Artillery-
man, this Company became a celebrated military school.

312

and furnished many excellent officers in the revolution-
ary army, some unknown. He was a Loyalist, or Tory,
and left the town when the British troops evacuated it,
and never returned. He was afterwards appointed Gov-
ernor of one of the British W. I. islands, where he died.
Most of the Ar. Co. were high Whigs. Col. P. was in-
cluded in the absentee act. His real estate was £2531
17 6, lawful money; personal, only 7 1 5 7. His adver-
tisements in the newspapers of that day, say, " at his
shop in Longacre, Common street." In one, he offered
" a guinea reward for the detection of the person who
hacked his trees in front of his shop — as said trees were
planted and cultivated at considerable expense."

Capt. Caleb Champney, Dorchester, Died June,
1803, aged 63.

On the records. May 3d, 1762, we find the following,
among other propositions : —

" 1st. That the Company for the future break up at Faneuil Hall,
should leave be obtained of the Selectmen for that purpose.

" 2d. That the Governor, Council, &lc. be invited, on the Anni-
versary Election of Officers as formerly, to dine at Faneuil Hall.
The expense to be paid as usual.

" 3d. The Governor, Council, &c. after the election of officers,
to be invited and entertained as usual, (at Faneuil Hall,) the ex-
pense to be equally paid by the commissioned officers for the year
ensuing."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1762, by Samuel Locke,
Sherburne.

1763.

Elias Dupee, Boston. He kept a school in Boston
during the siege, gratuitously.

Lieut, Hopestill Capen, Boston, shopkeeper. This
person showed resentment at Gen. Heath's complying
with the orders of the British officers. He died March
2d, 1807, aged 76 — grave stone on Copp's Hill.

313

Maj. John Perkins, Jr. A revolutionary officer.

Lieut. Benjamin Eustiss, Boston, housewright. His
father was a liousewrio-ht. He was the father of the late
Gov. Eustiss. The name was originally Eustace, and
he was a descendant of John, Ar. Co. 1711.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1763, by Thomas Balch,
Dedham — Daniel IV. ooth. Printed.

17G4.

Ensign John Brocas, Boston, sailmaker. Adminis-
tration 1770. He died aged 67.

Maj. Gen. John Win slow, Marshfield, husbandman.
Captain of the Ar. Co. 1765. He was grandson to Gov.
Josiah Winslow, of Plymouth Colony, and early in life
became a military character. In 1740, he commanded
a company in the regiment sent to Cuba. He was
Maj. General in the British line, and had the chief com-
mand of several expeditions to Kennebec, and of the
provincial forces at Fort Edward, in 1757. Hutchin-
son says " he was younger brother to Capt. Josiah, and
possesses the same martial spirit." He was Judge of the
Common Pleas, and died at Hingham in April, 1774,
aged 71. His portrait, with those of his ancestors, are
in the Mass. Historical Library. His sword is now
transmitted in the family. His bravery was proverbial,
and his reputation as an officer excellent.

Capt. Levi Jennings.

William Hickling, Jr.

Maj. Thomas Bumstead, Boston ; a descendant of
Thomas, 1764; lived on the ancestral estate, and died
May 8th, 1828, aged 88. A member of the O. S. Church.

Capt. John Osborn, Jr, Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1764, by Samuel Wood-
ward, Weston— Gen. XIV. 14th.

314

1765.

Capt. Thomas Adams, Boston, printer. Died Sept.
9th, 1796, aged 53. Tomb No. 39, Granary.

Timothy Thornton, Boston, paver. Will proved
1770.

Capt. John Wells, Boston; father of John, 1792.
Capt. William Heath, Boston, sailmaker.

Capt. Samuel Sellon, Boston, farrier. Tomb in
the Chapel ground.

Col. Thomas Crafts, Jr, Boston ; an officer in the
Revolution. He read the Declaration of Independ-
ence from the balcony of the Old State House, first in
Boston.*

John Leighton.

Lieut. Samuel Gridlet, Boston; died Oct. 1801,
aged 67.

Lieut. George Trott, Boston.

Lieut. Edward Tuckerman, Boston, baker ; Repre-
sentative ; died July 17, 1818, aged 78.

Capt. Jonathan Stoddard, Boston ; died January,
1790. One of the five founders of the first Universalist
Society in Boston, 1785.

Lieut. William Rogers.

Capt. Christopher Marshall.

Capt. Dimond Morton, Boston ; brother of Hon.
Perez.

Lieut. Col. William Perkins, Boston; officer in
the Revolution ; Captain of Castle Island, formerly Cas-
tle William, now Fort Independence. Died Oct. 27th,
1802, aged 60.

* See Thatcher's Medical Journal, p. 55.

315

Maj. Nathaniel Heath, Boston.

Lieut. Zephainiah Hartt, Boston, shipwright; died
1791.

Maj. Ephraim May, Boston ; Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1773; died May, 1797, aged 69. Tomb No. 124,
on the Common.

Lieut. Col. Samuel Bradley, Boston ; elected
Lieut. Colonel of Boston Regiment Oct. 10th, 1797;
died July 30th, 1798, in commission, and was buried
under arms.

Capt. William Cunningham.

Capt. Sarson Belcher.

Lieut. David Wheeler, Jr.

Capt. Clement Collins, Jr, Boston ; died Septem-
ber, 1798, aged 65.

William Torrey, Boston, baker. Inventory, 1769.

Capt. John Stutson, Boston ; Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1774; housewright.

Ensign Asa Stoddard, Boston, bricklayer ; Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1774. Administration, 1787.

Capt. Ebenezer Torrey, Boston ; resided at Lan-
caster several years. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1787.
He died March 14th, 1828. In 1811, he presented the
Company with a new standard. He made a will about
that time in which he gave them" $150 in bank stock ;
his children having all deceased and grandchildren
being well off, but some young members of that day
made remarks relative to the old members who attended
the drill meetings regularly, to see the younger mem-
bers exercise, enjoying the scene, and hovering about
the Company in the field also. These remarks hurt
their feelings, broke up the custom, and coming to his
ears, he made a new will and gave the legacy to others.

316

A solemn warning to those who make themselves too
officious before they have, by long service, become
acquainted witli the customs. He was buried in his
tomb, No. 4, Granary. The Ar. Co. attended his
funeral.

Lieut. Samuel Searle, Boston, tailor. A revolu-
tionary officer, and Lieutenant in Col. Crafts' regi-
ment.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1765 ; by Gad Hitchcock,
Pembroke. Printed.

1766.

Benjamin Homans, Boston; died 1802, aged 61.

Jonathan Farnam, Jr, Boston, hairdresser.

Lieut. Col. John Popkin, Jr, Boston ; died at
Maiden, May 8th, 1827, aged 85. He was father of
Rev. John, the learned Professor of Greek in Harvard
College. A revolutionary officer and long an officer
of the customs. After he was eighty years old he
walked into Boston from Maiden to the custom-house.

Lieut. William Homes, Jr, Boston, silversmith
in Ann street ; member of the O. S. Church. A man
of small stature, pious, amiable, and much beloved.
A few days before his death he was a witness in the
Supreme Court, on the trial of the Price will contro-
versy between Trinity Church and King's Chapel ; it
was a severe cold day, and the old gentleman never
went out of his house after. He died Feb. 1 825, aged
83.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1766; by John Brown,
Hingham.

In 1767, no members admitted.
Artillery Election Sermon, 1767, by Daniel Shute,
Hingham— Eccles. IX. 18th. Printed.

317

1768.

Lieut. Charles Williams, Boston.

Capt. Nathaniel Waterman, Boston.

Maj. William Dawes, Jr, Boston. Member of
the Old South.

Capt. William Hoogs, Newton ; removed to Can-
ada, and in crossing the lakes was drowned, with his
whole family.

Capt. Jacob Williams, TBoston, merchant, was
shipwrecked on the coast of Africa, and one of the
survivors who reached Macao after great suffering, as
related in Saunders's Journal. He went to Vermont,
where he died at an advanced age in 1821 or 2.

Michael Homer, Boston ; died at Hopkinton aged
69.

John Greenleafe.

Samuel Condon, Boston, Clerk of Ar. Co. ; died
March 12th, 1775, aged 28.

Capt. John Newall, Boston, cooper ; died 1792,
aged 54.

Capt. Israel Loring, Boston. Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1790; died at Dover, Mass. Dec. 1820, aged 79.

Capt. John Haskins, Boston.

Capt. John 'Skillin, Jr, Boston, shipwright ; died
July, 1801, aged 63.

John Fullerton, Boston, distiller. Administration
1793.

Seth Adams, Boston. Member of the Old South.
Capt. Elisha Eaton, Boston.

318

April 8th, 1768, a Committee, appointed the September preced-
ing, " to consider what plan may be most expedient to raise the rep-
utation, secure the interest, and save the expense of said Company,"
reported : " It appears to the Committee that the extraordinary ex-
penses attending the officers of said Company, have been very dis-
couraging to its members, as well as to many who have an inclina-
tion to join it. It also appears that a very great saving may be made
in the expenses." They then suggest, that enquiry ought to be made,
what the funds are, or ought to be, (surprising oversight!) and,
" supposing them to amount to .£500, recommend that the interest,
or $100, be annually appropriated to assist the officers in the anniver-
sary expenses." They then say, " that the expense of the evening
(anniversary) be paid by the newly elected officers," in certain pro-
portions ; " that the Sergeants entertain the Company in their re-
spective turns, as formerly, and to make no other provision than is
proposed by the plan annexed, which is thought to be fully suffi-
cient, viz :

" 9 bottles — that is, two gallons — wine, £0 9s 4d

"8 gallons of ) half hundred lemons, 0 10 8

Punch, j rum and sugar, 0 6 8

"Biscuit, 0 4 8

" 10 lbs. cheese, 0 6 8

£1 16 0

" If souring is scarce and dear, then the Sergeants to provide wine
only, that the sum of .£1 16s be not exceeded."

In the Boston Chronicle, Feb. 1768, we find: "In the brigantine
Abigail, Capt. Stevens, from London, came two beautiful brass field-
pieces, three-pounders, with the Province arras thereon, for the use
of the 'Train of Art i Hay ' of the Regiment of this Town. They
were cast from two old pieces, which were purchased, some time
since, by the General Court of this Province." These were after-
wards probably the pieces named the Hancock and Adams.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1768, by Jonas Clark,
Lexington— 2d Chron. XVII. 16th. Printed.

1769.

Maj. Joshua Loring, Boston. A member of the O.
S. Church. Sheriff of Suffolk, April, 1775. Town
Major. What office this was, I am ignorant ; but, as he
was a Tory, it was probably an office created during

319

" the siege," by Gov. Gage, lie left Boston with the
British troops, March, 1776.

Capt. Joseph Pierce, Boston, merchant. A founder
and second Captain of the Grej;iadiers ; Gen. Henry
Knox was 2d Lieutenant. His store was on the north
side of State street, and in an old picture of the State
House, taken before the Revolution, his name appears
on a sign. Representative. Member of the Old South
Church. He became poor, and died at Boston, Jan.
1st, 1828, aged 82.

Col. Josiah Waters, Jr, Boston, merchant ; son of
Capt. Josiah, 1747. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1787;
Captain 1791 ; for several years Treasurer, and exerted
himself to place the finances in good order. He col-
lected many facts, for a history, but never published
them. The manuscript is lost. The older members
used to speak of it as containing important facts, as
well as anecdotes of members, now preserved in the
imperfect recollection of survivors. In 1804, Col. Wa-
ters proposed to establish a Military Library, but it was
never carried into effect. There is no doubt it would
be highly useful and honorable, and, by small exertion,
an extensive collection of military works of standard
worth might be made. He was a member of the Old
South Church.

Ensign John F. Osgood, Boston. Administration

1792.

Joseph Croswell.

John Arnold, Boston, cabinet maker. Administra-
tion, 1784.

Capt. Manasseh Marston, Boston, cooper. Will
proved 1791.

Capt. John Bartlett, Roxbury; father of Dr.

320

Thomas, 1792. Died 1823 or '4. For several years
he was bhnd.

John Grant, Jr, son of John, 1733.

Thomas Sherburne, Jr.

Ensign Thomas Russell, Boston, brazier; son and
executor of Capt. Benjamin, 1740. Maj. Benjamin,
1788, and John, 1792, were his brothers.

Capt. John Simpkins, Boston, upholsterer; descend-
ant of Capt. Nicholas, 1650 ; grandson of Thomas,
1727, and son of William, 1739. The last surviving
member admitted previous to the Revolution, and he
died a member, Dec. 1 1th, 1831, aged 91. Deacon of
the New North Church many years, and an active old
gentleman. He left a handsome estate. His mansion
was near Brattle street Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 769, by Phillips Payson,
Chelsea— Ps. CXLIV. ist.

1770.
Col. John Boyle, Boston, bookseller. Captain of
the Cadets.

Capt. Willl\m Miller.

Lieut. Daniel Rea, Jr, Boston. House in Quaker
lane (Congress street.) Died December, 1798, aged 87.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1770, by Samuel Still-
man,* Boston — 2d Tim. II. 3d. Printed.

1771.

CuTHBERT Inglesby, Bostou. Removcd to Vermont.

Martin Bicker, Boston, merchant.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1771, by Eh Forbes,
Brookfield— Exodus XV. 3d. Printed.

* The first of any olher sect, than Congregational, who ever preached before
the Ar. Co.

321

1772.

Capt. Abraham Hunt, Boston.

Maj. John Hinkley, Boston, auctioneer. Adminis-
tration 1787.

Capt. Edward Kneeland.

Stephen Whitney, Jr.

Maj. Obadiah Witherell, Boston, miller. A revo-
lutionary officer, and living in Kennebec County, Maine,
in 1825.

Daniel Neal.

John Spear, Boston. An officer in the Revolution.
He died at Boston, April 14th, 1824, aged 75.

The Post Boy, of May 11th, 1772, announces the following officers,
as appointed by the Governor, in the Corps of Cadets, viz :
John Hancock, Captain, with the rank of Colonel.
William Coffin, Lieutenant, with the rank of Lieut. Colonel.
Daniel Hubbard, Ensign, with the rank of Major.

Artillery , Election Sermon, 1772, by Nathaniel Rob-
bins, Milton— Ps. CXXII. 8th. Printed.

1773.

Jeremiah Bumstead, Boston. Member of the Old
South Church.

Capt. Joseph Eaton, Boston, hatter. He claimed
the honor " of hauling down the first British colors,"
at the commencement of the Revolution. He was a
republican* to such an enthusiasm as to express the wish
never to live beyond the age of seventij-Jive, and his de-
sire was granted. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1795.
He died in 1825, and the Ar. Co. attended his funeral
in citizen's dress.

* Still his annual toast, Election day, was — "May the Medford Brooks be
swelled higher by 50 per cent.

322

" All recollect an old gentleman who died last year,* an honorary
member of the A. and H. Artillery, whose arm, on parade days, was
completely covered with strips of lace. This same man once loaded
a cannon in State street, to keep the regulars from landing, — was
one of the ' unknown Indians' who threw the Tea overboard, — took
an oath, forty years before his death, never to taste a drop of ardent
spirits, which, it is said, he never violated; — wore a cocked hat, and
was a hatter by trade. He styled himself 'General.' " Some fur-
ther anecdotes of this eccentric man may be amusing. He was
small in stature, and lean in flesh as well as purse. In the latter part
of life, he would buy his fore quarter of poor lamb out of a butcher's
cart, and start from his shop. The Police Court lay in his way home.
He would hitch it on to some nail on the brick wall of the old Court
House, if he saw the Constables bringing up a lot of vagabonds for
trial, walk in and sit till the boys would tell him his lamb was roasted
by the sun and basted by the flies, when he would start in a jerk, as
if from a dream, and travel homeward.

In his early days, he was a rogue. To repeat his own story, he
once set his little furnace with coal in the street, to heat his hat iron,
on April fool day, — a coal-cart passed by, a sturdy yeoman crying
" charcoal," whose face was equally as black. Eaton caught a live
coal from his furnace and threw it into the coal-cart. The man
drove on, crying loudly. The boys soon began to gather, and bawl
out — " Mister, your coal-cart is on fire." " Darn it," said he, "you
aint agoing to make an April fool of me, — Gee up, Elder — who-haw,
Deacon — charcoal !" Thus he went on through the principal streets,
and would not look behind, amidst the shouts of laughter of Eaton,
and the rest of the urchins ; his cart, in full blaze, at last was arrest-
ed by the Police oflicers and firewards.

William Walker, Milton.

Lieut. Stephen Gore, Boston, leather-dresser.

Capt. W^illiam Todd, Jr, Boston, housewright.
Died August 18th, 1822, aged 75. Tomb No. 101, on
the Common.

Samuel Belknap, Boston, shopkeeper. Died July,
1821, aged 70.

Samuel Wild.

* Boston News Letter, April 1st, 1826.

323

John Howe, Boston, turner. An officer of Artificers
in the Revolution. Died November, 1823, aged 93

Artillery Election Sermon, 1773, by Simeon Howard,
Boston— Gal. V. 1st. Printed.

1774.

Capt. Nathaniel Call, Boston, housewright. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1791. Captain of Artificers in the
Revolution. He lived in Green street, and died much
beloved, August 18th, 1827, aged 82. Tomb No. 64,
on the Common.

Capt. Joseph Spear, Jr, Boston. A Captain in
Craft's Regiment.

Thomas S. Boardman, Boston, hatter. Died April
26th, 1828, aged 76.

Lemuel Robinson, Dorchester. A revolutionary
officer.

Capt. John Wise, Boston.

Brig. Gen. Jacob Gill, Milton. A revolutionary
officer. Elected Brig. General of the 1st Brigade, then
comprising Boston and the eastern part of Norfolk, and
1st Division, August 21st, 1797, and during his contin-
uance in office, Boston was constituted a Legionary
Brigade.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1774, by John Lathrop,
Boston— Rom. XII. 18th. Printed.

In June, 1774, the Ar. Co. held their election, when the late Dr.
John Lathrop delivered an excellent and patriotic discourse. It is
related, that while Dr. Lathrop preached, British troops were in the
vicinity, and a sentry was placed on the pulpit stairs, lest any thing
rebellious should be expressed. One fact the compiler remembers,
viz : to have heard Dr. L. say, when he was accused of advancing
sentiments inimical to his country, that no one certainly could doubt
his patriotic spirit, for he had preached republicanism with a British

324

sentry, arraed, on the pulpit stairs, to watch what he said ; but he did
not mention the occasion.

No Artillery Sermon was preached after 1774, until June, 1787.

April, 16S9, upon the restoration of order, Boston was organized
into a Regiment by itself. Some field officers may have been omit-
ted, and some dates of their commissions may be incorrect. I have
given the year when I first found the titles applied to them. All of
them were members of the Ar. Co. except two, down to the Revolu-
tion. From 1689 to the Revolution, the Province of Massachusetts
had only one Major General, and two only of these are known to
me. Wait Winthrop, appointed after Andross was deposed, and Wil-
liam Brattle, of Cambridge.

From April 3d, 1775, the Ar. Co. held no regular meetings, until
August, 1786. The intention of reviving it was kept alive, but no
effectual measures were taken until the summer of 1786, when Ma-
jor Bell, the Commander, elected June, 1774, convened the surviv-
ing members. Several of the officers and non-commissioned officers
of 1774, had died; the Company therefore voted, that Capt. Bell
should remain in command until the next anniversary, June, 1787 ;
and they promoted the surviving officers regularly, filling vacancies
from the ranks. No admissions, therefore, took place during the
intermission. It was observed by Capt. Eaton, 1773, that, on its
revival, fifteen was the utmost number in the ranks. They soon
after appeared with full ranks; and, therefore, a few should never he
discouraged in their exertions to transmit the institution to posterity.
The increase, on its revival, is remarkable, fifty-three members be-
ing admitted in one year, among whom were many ornaments to the
town and State,

After the war, Massachusetts fell into a great apathy in military
aiFairs. The fortifications of Fort Hill were permitted to decay, and
much complaint was made. Such was the want of military ardor in
the metropolis, that the Executive, on the general election, 1786,
were escorted by the Roxbury Artillery, under Major Spooner. The
Centinel observes, that on that day Boston could not furnish twenty-
five men to wait upon the Executive, and that there was not a single
commissioned officer, or soldier. The Executive was escorted by the
Roxbury Artillery, July 4th, and on Commencement day following. A
sharp rebuke was published in the Centinel, July 5th, 1786, purport
ing to be an extract of a letter dated Roxbury, viz : " Our spirited
Company was once more called upon to act in a military character
yesterday, and accordingly marched into our luxurious metropolis. I
conclude, however, that this will be the last time we shall be called
upon, as I am told the ladies of the capital, seeing the effeminacy of

325

the gentlemen of Boston, have come to a resolution to embody, equip
themselves in uniform, and form a brilliant military company."

These sarcasms touched the pride of Bostonians, and several mil-
itary associations were formed. Shays' insurrection in the autumn,
also, awakened the citizens. These things had a happy effect in the
second revival of the Ar. Co. The records, Oct. 27th, 1786, speak
thus upon the subject : " His Excellency the Captain General, by
the gentlemen Selectmen of Boston, applied to the Company (Ar.
Co.) for their aid in the present emergeney of public affairs. The
Company immediately voted their readiness to exert themselves, in
every thing in their power, to support the Government of the Com-
monwealth, and to hold themselves in readiness, on the shortest no-
tice, to turn out in defence of the same." They were reviewed at
Faneuil Hall, the Saturday following, by the Governor, when they
appointed a Committee, agreeable to his Excellency's request, "to
find gentlemen who, upon the present emergency, would accept of
the command of the several companies of the militia of Boston."
The persons recommended by the Committee, accepted their ap-
pointments. The Ar. Co. made all the necessary arrangements for
active service ; Col. Waters was appointed Adjutant, and John War-
ren, M. D. Surgeon to the Company. The firmness and wisdom of
the government, the prompt and energetic measures adopted, pro-
duced the most happy effects ; for the insurrection was speedily
crushed, before it had accumulated strength or unity sufficient to
endanger essentially the public welfare.

The present Corps of Independent Cadets, a revival of that found-
ed by Col. Pollard, was re-organized by a resolve of the Legislature,
Oct. 21st, 1786; and the late amiable and courteous Samuel Brad-
ford, Esq, elected Commander. Before the Revolution, they were
officered by a Colonel, Lieut. Colonel, and Major; and by the new
organization, still preserved, a Lieut. Col. Commandant, a first and
second Major, and an Adjutant with the rank of Captain. A Com-
pany of Light Infantry, called the Republican Volunteers, was insti-
tuted, and also a Light Infantry Company, whose first Commander
was Hon. Harrison G. Otis. These two corps are extinct. In rival-
ship to the Volunteers, the recent Company of Independent Fusil-
liers (originally called 31assachusctts Fusillicrs) was organized,
which has survived, under the name of Hancock Light Infantry.
Capt. William Turner was their first Captain ; Capt. Joseph Laugh-
ton, second ; Capt. John Brazier, the third. The Fusilliers were
created by resolve of the Legislature, and had the exclusive privilege
of four commissioned officers. Their uniform is elegant, and has
but little varied.

326

The Centinel, Nov, 18th, 1786, observes : " The late commotions
in this State have awakened that spirit of military ambition, which
so nobly distinguished us in 1774 and 1775. In all parts of the
country, troops and companies of horse and foot are raising. In this
town (Boston) which, a few weeks since, had to lament the want of
a single company of soldiery, besides the standing militia, can now
produce four companies, almost the whole of which are completely
disciplined and equipped, viz : the Ancient and Honorable," 6lc. as
above. " The Massachusetts Fusilliers is also now forming with
rapidity. Such a military spirit, through our Commonwealth, must
afford the highest satisfaction to every sincere friend and well-wisher
to our independence, and fully justifies the observation, that while
Massachusetts can boast of citizens, who profess a knowledge of
military affairs, and understand the use of arms, they can have noth-
ing to fear from foreign or domestic foes."

Sept. 4th, 1786, " for the first time since the commencement of
the late Revolution," says the Centinel, " the A. and H. Artillery
Company, commanded by Maj. Bell, paraded at the State House in
this town, and, preceded by a band of music, marched into the Com-
mon, where they performed a number of military exercises; after
which, they marched to Faneuil Hall, discharged a volley of small
arms, and finished the day much to their honor and the credit of the
town. It was gratifying to the real friends of this country, to see our
aged citizens, some of whom were nearly seventy years of age,
equipped in the accoutrements of soldiers, and setting an example to
the younger part of the community, that, should their country re-
quire their aid in the field, they might be found ready disciplined
and fit for immediate service."

The ancient respectability of the Ar. Co. attracted public atten-
tion. Many, who had borne high commissions in the Continental
Army, enrolled their names, and militia officers, generally, joined it.
The Company was revived at an important crisis, " and had the
honor," say their records, " of leading in the military duties of the
day — the insurrection under Daniel Shays,"

. 1786.

Maj. Gen. John Brooks, Medford, physician, the
first member admitted after the revival, was born at
Medford, June 6th, 1752. Having received the prepar-
atory education of that period, he studied medicine with
a respectable physician at Medford, and commenced

327

practice at Reading, at the age of twenty-one ; but he
relinquished it from 1775 to 1783, when he returned
from the pubhc service, with a well-earned fame, and
resumed his professional pursuits in his native town and
vicinity, and for years practised with reputation and
success. In 1781, he received the honorary degree of
A. M. at Yale College, and in 1787, at Harvard, where,
in 1810, he was further complimented with the degree
of M. D. and in 1816, of L. L. D. In 1786, he was
elected a Fellow, and afterwards a Counsellor, of the
Mass. Med. Society. In 1793, he was chosen a mem-
ber of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences. In 1795,
he was one of the Medical Committee of the University
on the Boylston prize questions.

During the Revolution, his benevolent endeavors to
amehorate the calamities of war, pointed him out as a
proper presiding officer of the society of Free Masons
in the Massachusetts line of the army, and in 1780 he
pronounced an oration at West Point, in the presence
of Gen. Washington, and before the largest assembly of
that fraternity which had ever convened.* In 1787, he
delivered the first oration before the Society of Cincin-
nati, of which he was many years President;! 1792, an
address to the Middlesex Medical Association ; 1795, a
discourse before the Humane Society ; 1800, an eulogy
at Medford, on the character of Gen. Washington ; and,
1 802, the annual dissertation to the Mass. Med. Society.

Gen. Brooks began his military life by commanding
a company of volunteers, raised in Reading, at the com-
mencement of the Revolution. He marched to Con-
cord, at the head of his company, and participated in

♦About 5000 walked in procession at the laying of the corner stone of the Bun-
ker Hill Monument, and at the laying the corner stone of the Masonic Temple, in
Common street, including all grades and orders.

t Only three other orations have been delivered in Massachusetts, before that
Society, viz: Gen. Hull, 178S; Dr. S. Whitwell, 1789, and Col. William Tudor,
1790.

328

the battle of Lexington. He was afterwards appointed
Major in a regiment of Minute Men, and, at the age of
twenty-two, a field officer in the Continental line, and
rose to the rank of Lieut. Colonel. At the close of the
war he was discharged, with the brevet commission of
Colonel.* The regiment was first called Jackson's
Regiment, after their Colonel, and gained the camp
name of the bloody eighth, — the first in, and the last out
of battle. This regiment took a distinguished part in
the battle of Saratoga, and was then, and during most
of the war, commanded by Col. Brooks. After the
evacuation of Boston, he marched to New York, and
was actively engaged in the battle of White Plains. In
the memorable battle of Monmouth, he was Adjutant
General of the advanced column of the army. When
Baron Steuben was made Inspector General, Lieut. Col.
Brooks, at the recommendation of Washington, (who
had before recommended him to the Provincial Con-
gress for as high a commission as they could, consist-
ently with his age, give,) was appointed an Inspector
General under the Baron.

Upon the organization of the militia, after the war,
he was appointed Major General of the Middlesex
Div^ision, which office he held ten years. In the sup-
pression of the insurrection under Shays, he was actively
engaged. During the late war with Great Britain, 1812,
Gen. Brooks sustained the arduous and important office
of Adjutant General of Massachusetts, which office he
held until 1816, when he was elected, by 49,578 of his
fellow citizens, Governor. Seven years successively he
filled the Chair of State, with dignity, impartiality and
energy, when he voluntarily declined.

When the Federal Constitution was adopted by Mas-
sachusetts, Gen. Brooks was in the Convention. He

*The Confederation could give no other pay than honor.

329

was first Marshal of Massachusetts, appointed by Wash-
ington. When Gen. Washington accepted the office of
Lieut. General of the American Armies, by the appoint-
ment of President Adams, he selected John Brooks as
his first Brig. General. He has also sustained the of-
fices of Representative, Senator, Councillor, and Elec-
tor of President and Vice President. It may be asked,
why enumerate these things ? It was asked at the can-
vass for his first election as Governor, tauntingly by
his opposers. Who is John Brooks ? An obscure indi-
vidual, was the answer from the same press. IJis modest
mind made no pretensions to excellency, — self-taught,
he won his way by worth of character, purity, fortitude,
prudence — not parsimony, for he was poor, nor creep-
ing servility, — he always maintained an erect attitude,
and never bent his brow to a plebeian's girdle, except
in kindness. He was possessed of a nobleness of mind
too large to do a little thing, and too elevated to do a
mean one. His townsmen, his warmest friends, com-
plained at his acceptance of the Gubernatorial Chair,
for it deprived them, in a degree, of his kind and valu-
able medical assistance, and it was not unfrequent that
he was called, after laborious service at the Council
Chamber in Boston, to visit and comfort his sick neigh-
bors— an act he was never too much fatigued to per-
form, gratuitously.

The Ar. Co. have twice been honored by him as
Commander, 1787, 1794 ; and he continued a member
to his decease. It is not from want of inclination, that
that we do not enlarge upon the virtues and services of
this patriot of the Revolution. In the language of the
Rev. Mr. Deane, in his Artillery Sermon, 1816, the first
public appearance of Gen. Brooks as Governor : " Here
we behold the wise and virtuous ruler in the midst of
his subjects ; Hke the father of a family, inspiring love
and respect by his presence, deriving the strength of his

330

government from his sacred regard to their happinesSy
and receiving from them the homage of the heart, and
not of compulsion." He had two gallant sons ; one
was a distinguished officer in the U. S. Army — the
other fell gloriously fighting the battle of his country on
Lake Erie. He probably caught a severe cold, while
attending the funeral of his successor. Gov. Eustiss,
whom he survived but a few days. He died at Medford,
March 1st, 1825, aged 73, and was buried March 3d
following, without ostentation. The travelling was very
bad. Medford appeared clad in mourning — all busi-
ness was suspended — the shops were closed. His body
was carried into the meeting-house, which was filled by
his tov/nsfolk, of all ages and both sexes, and strangers
of distinction. Above ninety of the Ar. Co. under Col.
Gibbens, in citizen's dress, attended his funeral. It was
solemn to see them march, single file, up the broad aisle,
and stop to take a last look of their beloved member ;
and the sacred tear started involuntarily from the firm-
est of them, as they moved onward. A well-written
character of him is in the Centinel of March 5th, 1825 ;
also, Quarterly Review, XIV. 1842.

Caleb Davis, Esq, Boston. Deacon. Speaker of
the House 1780. Died July 6th, 1797, aged 59. Tomb
No. 123, on the Common.

Capt. John Lucas, Boston, baker. In old age he
married a celebrated preceptress of Hingham Academy ;
but, with all her accomplishments, she failed to render
him happy. He gave, in his will, to Judge Dawes an
estate in Court street, vvorth $10,000, for his early
friendship.

Col. John May, Boston, merchant. An owner of
May's Wharf. Whence he derived his title of Colonel,
is unknown. Representative, and many years a Select-
man.

331
Maj. Robert Davis, Boston, merchant.

Brig. Gen. John Winslow, a native of Boston ; born
Sept. 29tli, 1753, and educated a merchtint. His father's
name was Joshua, and, as Col. Edward, 1700, had a
son of that name, I conclude he was his grandfather.
His father died before he arrived of age, and left him to
launch forth on the world to seek his fortune. Col.
Edward's portrait, in elegant military costume, is now
preserved in the family.

At the age of twenty-two he entered the Revolutionary
Army, as Deputy Paymaster General, and rank of Lieu-
tenant, in the Northern Department. He joined the
army at Quebec, under Gen. Montgomery, and was in
the battle. June 8th, 1777, he received a commission
as Captain of Artillery, and was placed under the com-
mand of Maj. Ebenezor Stevens, late a Maj. General in
New York. He was in the battle which resulted in the
capture of Burgoyne, and one of those who took the
account of stores, &c. found in his camp ; and also had
the charge of many prisoners. He was afterwards sta-
tioned at West Point, and White Plains. When the
American Army was retreating, under Gen. VVooster,
from Quebec, and the enemy close upon their heels, he
saved the public chest, and lost his own baggage and
wardrobe, as valuable as any officer's in the hne. He
was thus left destitute of clothing, not having sufficient
to change his linen for thirty-five days. He received,
on the settlement of his accounts as Paymaster — the
foot of which was ^865,700 81 — a certificate from the
Paymaster General, wherein his conduct was highly ap-
proved; and, it was said, he was almost the only Pay-
master who had faitlifully accounted for the puMic
moneys. He was at the battle of Ticonderoga, and
when the army, under Gen. Sinclair, retreated from
that place, he again saved the books and property en-

332

trusted to his care, and lost most of his own. He was
soon after reheved, and settled his second account —
^104,518.

Nov. 5th, 1778, he was honorably discharged, at his
own request. When the militia of Boston was organ-
ized, he was elected a Major, and soon Colonel. March
21st, 1799, he was elected Brig. General of the Leg^iow-
arv/ Brigade. In 1809, he was chosen Maj. General,
but did not accept, and immediately resigned his office
of Brig. General. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1788;
Captain 1792 and 1798. He was many years Fire-
ward, and President of the Board of Health — Treasu-
rer of the Ar. Co. and Cincinnati, and often Repre-
sentative. In 1810, he lost his property by an un-
expected failure, and his embarrassments continued
during life. His integrity and honor were never ques-
tioned, and the people placed him, seven years succes-
sively, in the responsible office of County Treasurer, to
his death, Nov. 29th, 1819. The fidelity with which he
discharged its duties, induced his constituents to pro-
nounce him the best Treasurer that had ever filled the
office.

As a neighbor and friend, he was zealous and char-
itable— frequently employed by the rich to bestow their
secret alms upon the virtuous poor. He was not, by
talent or education, a great man, but formed by nature
an upright one. The numerous instances of being
guardian, referee, &lc. prove his integrity. He was
prompt, but prudent ; rigid, but not austere ; independ-
ent, yet popular ; shrinking from public honors, yet de-
serving them ; fearless in the discharge of public, social
and moral duties, yet amiable and beloved by all. The
composure with which he met his troubles, and even
saw the approach of death, show the sterling value of
his heart and mind. He never communicated his trou-
bles, because it might disturb others ; but rather suffer-

333

ed them to gnaw upon him in secret, while the world
supposed him cheerful. In his family, he was spotless,
kind and aftectionate ; his fireside was the seat of hos-
pitality, his home the mansion of happiness. He was
buried in his tomb, near the centre of the Chapel ground,
the Ar. Co. in citizen's dress, preceding the corpse.

Capt. William Cunningham.

Lieut. Col. Joshua Farrington, Boston. Died at
Trinidad, February, 1792.

Capt. Alexander Hodgdon, Boston. Died at Ded-
ham, 1797, aged 56. Treasurer of State, 1787.

Isaac Davenport.

Lieut. William Brown, Boston, merchant; resided
at the famous " Green Stores," once a place of exten-
sive business. Deacon of Hollis street Church. Rep-
resentative and Senator. A man of common education,
but of strong mind ; popular and much respected. Al-
though not a frequent or elegant speaker, yet his mild
manner and perfect knowledge of human nature, ren-
dered him a powerful legislator. He long prevented
the erection of South Boston Free Bridge, while his in-
genuity circumvented his adversaries, and obtained the
bridge above, near his own property, and originated the
building of Front street.*

Brig, Gen. Amasa Davis, Boston, merchant. Cap-
tain of the Ar. Co. 1 795, while Colonel. Quarter-Mas-
ter General of the State many years. A gentleman of
fortune, given to hospitality. There is a tradition that
the Ar. Co. presented him with a sword. On the anni-
versary which closed his year's service, he presented, by
the hands of his daughter, Miss Catherine Davis, the Ar.
Co. with an elegant standard, that presented by Capt.
Barrett being defaced. He died at Boston, Jan. 30th,

* 1841, Harrison Avenue.

334

1825, aged 82, and the corps attended his funeral, in
citizen's dress.

Lieut. John Coolidge, Boston.

Samuel Emery.

Richard Gardner.

Capt. William Boardman, Jr, Boston, merchant.

Andrew Oliver, Boston. Member of O. S. Church.

Lieut. Zechariafi Hicks, Boston, saddler. Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 179L Representative. He is
now living, (1842) one of the oldest inhabitants, highly-
respected.

Thomas Newell, Jr.

Samuel Greenough, Boston. He died at Dorches-
ter, August 22d, 1796, aged 48.

James Lanman, Boston. Deacon.

Jonathan Balch, Boston, pump and block maker.
Owner of Balch's wharf. A member of O. S. Church.

Capt. Henry Prentiss.

Capt. Joseph Coffin Boyd, Boston, merchant. Re-
moved to Portland, where he was Captain of the Vol-
unteers, and died May, 1 823, aged 63, while Treasurer
of Maine.

Lieut. Samuel Hastings, Boston, painter. Mem-
ber of O. S. Church.

Lieut. Russell Sturgiss, Boston, merchant. Died
Sept. 7th, 1826, aged 76.

Capt. Samuel Todd, Boston, housewright. He hved
in Cole Lane (Portland street.) Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1793, Captain 1797. He was the first armorer who
took charge of the company equipments in Faneuil Hall.
He died a member at an advanced age, March 31st, 1815.

335

Tomb No. 101, on the Common. The Ar. Co. at-
tended his funeral in citizen's dress. He was much be-
loved.

Capt. Thomas Wells, Boston.

Jonas Clarke Minott.

Capt. John Johnston, Boston ; Ensign of the Ar.
Co. 1788, Lieutenant 1790.

Samuel Gore, Boston, painter ; brother of Gov.
Gore. He was one of the mechanics, who obtained,
secured and sent out of Boston, when in the hands of
the British, at the commencement of the Revolution,
the only two cannon then in the country, except what
had been brought here by the British. He was one of
those who on 16th Dec. 1773, proceeded to the tea
ships, at Liverpool (then Griffin's) wharf, and destroy-
ed their cargoes.* He died at Boston, Nov. 16lh,
1831, aged 80.

Capt. John Brazer, Boston, shopkeeper, (some-
times miscalled Major.) Third Captain of the Inde-
pendent Fusilliers; Engign of the Ar. Co. 1794. He
was an excentric character, a violent partizan, wealthy,
and a great patron of the drama. He Wcis the princi-
pal originator of the 2d Universalist Church, School
street, and died at Boston, May 7th, 1828, aged 75.

Capt. Joseph Ford, Boston; died Nov. 1797,
aged 56.

Capt. Turner Phillips, Boston, merchant; brother
of Major James, 1790; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1789,
several years Chairman of the Selectmen. He died at
Boston, Sept. 13, 1836, 'aged 81 ; a very intelligent
and respectable citizen, who held various offices of
responsibility, public and private.

» Col. Centinel, Nov. 26th, 1831, obituary.

336

Maj. Andrew Cunningham, Boston, merchant, son
of Capt. James, 1761, was born in Boston, Feb. 16th,
1760. The latter part of his life he confined himself
to the business of insurance. He was many years a
Fireward. How he gained his military title I am una-
ble to state. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1789; Cap-
tain, 1793. The year following Gen. Brooks was se-
lected to succeed him, and wished his services as Order-
ly, and the Company accordingly chose him. He died
at Roxbury, August, 1829, aged 69.

Hon. John Avery, Jr, Esq, Boston, Secretary of
State from 1780 to 1806. He graduated at Har. CoL
1759. Deacon of West Church, and died at Boston,
June 7, 1806, aged 67.

Pepperell Tyler, Boston.

Maj. Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, a native of Hingham,.
yeoman ; born Jan. 23d, (O. S.) 1733, in the house in
which he died.* His father had the same name, a far-
mer, which occupation Gen. L. followed till more than
forty years old. He enjoyed no advantages of early ed-
ucation, proportioned to the eminence which he attain-
ed. The native force and perspicuity of his mind, and
his happy disposition, contributed to his superiority over
multitudes. He owed something to culture, and much
to circumstances. He was many years Town Clerk,
Magistrate, and ' Representative 1773, '4, '5, '88, '9.
His first military office was Adjutant of the Sd Regi-
ment in Suffolk, July, 1755, and he was Lieut. Colonel
January, 1772, when the war broke out. He was a
member of the Provincial Congress assembled in 1775,
at Concord, Cambridge and Watertown, and a sincere,
determined, though temperate Whig.

Upon the news of the battles of Lexington and Con-

* Extracted from a pamphlet* said to have been written by President Kiii<Iand.
See the Hist. Coll. of Mass. and Lincoln's Hist, of Hingham.

337

cord, he summoned the mihtarv under his command,
with a view of repairing to the scene of action. The
return of the royal troops to Boston the same night,
prevented his marching. He was appointed a Briga-
dier, February, 1776, and Maj. General in May, and
much employed in disciplining the militia. On the 2d
of August following, he was appointed to command the
troops of the State doing duty at and near the harbor of
Boston. The impression entertained of his military tal-
ents, and his influence with the militia, led the General
Court, in September, to give him the command of the
regiments to be raised by the State to reinforce the
army under the Commander-in-Chief, at New York and
New Jersey, which had now become the seat of the war.
Feb. 1 1th, he arrived at Gen. Washington's camp. The
Commander-in-Chief, while at Cambridge and Boston,
had become acquainted with him, and recommended
him to Congress as an excellent ofiicer, whom it was
desirable to place in the Continental line. Accordingly,
soon after he joined the army in February, 1777, he was
created a Major General by Congress. The calm cour-
age and good judgment of Lincoln were always evident.
He was first attached to the Northern Army, under Gen.
Schuyler, and afterwards under Gen. Gates. He was
severely wounded, during the campaign, in the leg,
which caused his removal first to Albany, and after-
wards to Hingham. He was not able to take the field
till August 7th ; his restoration was not complete, how-
ever, till long afterwards.

No inconsiderable share in the success of the North-
ern Army, in the capture of Burgoyne, had been al-
ways ascribed to Gen. Lincoln. His excellent character
as a man, and his military reputation, induced the Del-
egates from South Carolina to request Congress to ap-
point him to the chief command in the Southern depart-
ment. He arrived at Charleston early in December,

.■""I. 7*^ -•

338

1778. His campaigns in the Southern department were
meritorious, but unsuccessful, and ended in the surren-
der of Charleston, May 12th, 1780, when he was taken
prisoner. He was admitted to his parole, and in the
summer returned to Hingham. In November following
he was, to his great joy, exchanged.

On the commencement of the campaign of 1781,
Gen. Lincoln joined the army under Washington, occu-
pying the high grounds on the North River, with a view
to operations against New York. Before the end of
the summer, the plan of the campaign was changed,
and the movements of the army directed against Lord
Cornwallis, in Virginia. Our General commanded a
central division at the siege of Yorktown, and had his
full share of the honor of that brilliant and auspicious
event. The articles of capitulation stipulated for the
same honors in favor of the surrendering army as had
been granted to the garrison of Charleston. Gen. Lin-
coln was appointed to conduct them to the field where
the arms were deposited, and receive the customary
submission.

Oct. 31st, 1781, he was chosen Secretary at War,
with power to retain his rank in the army, residing at
Philadelphia, till October, 1783, when he resigned.
Having thus laid down the load of pubhc cares, he re-
tired with heartfelt pleasure to the repose of private hfe.
His military service had not increased his property, and
he resumed his farm. Neither his circumstances nor
disposition would permit him to be idle. Although
he had intended to avoid any public employments, he
was persuaded to take command of the first Division of
the Militia of the State. He was willing, with other
distinguished officers of the late army, to make a con-
siderable sacrifice to preserve to the community the
benefit of the military knowledge acquired by the ex-
perience of the war.

339

In 1786-7, the insurrection took place in Massachu-
setts. Gen. Lincoln was appointed to command the
mihtia — between four and five thousand — detached to
restore order. He was selected as Commissioner, with
others, in negotiations with different Indian tribes, and
in one with the Creeks, 1789, on the Southern frontier,
he had the pleasure of meeting Gen. Washington, for
the first time since 1783, stopping at Mount Vernon on
his way. His aid was solicited in framing the first mil-
itia law of the United States, and when the Committee
had the subject under consideration, he introduced a
clause to preserve the ancient privileges and customs of
such independent corps as were then created by charter
or otherwise. Gen. Blount, of Carohna, one of the
Committee, was vehemently opposed to any such
clause, when Gen. Lincoln stated the origin and claims
of the Ancient and Honorable. Blount, in a passion
and with a sneer, exclaimed — " And, pray, who in h — 1
commands this Ancient and Honorable ?" Gen. Lin-
coln calmly replied — " Your very humble servant."
This put Blount and his adherents to silence, and the
clause was included in the act. Thus the original
charter, usages, and privileges of the Ar. Co. are con-
firmed by Congress.

In April, 1787, Gen. Lincoln had a plurality of votes
for Lieut. Governor, and was elected by the Legislature.
He was a member of the Convention for ratifying the
new Constitution, and in 1789 was made Collector of
Boston, which office he held till within two years of his
death, when his earnest desire to resign was comphed
with by Mr. Jefferson. In this station he acquitted him-
self with judgment, fidelity and success, never forgetting
his allegiance to the government, and never giving
cause to any to complain of the insolence of office.

The University gave him, in 1780, the honorary de-
gree of Master of Arts. He was one of the first mem-

340

bers of the Am. Acad, of Arts and Sciences, and the
Mass. Hist. Society, who have an elegant portrait of
him, in mihtary costume ; and he contributed in their
collections published. He was President of the Cin-
cinnati from its foundation to his decease, and Com-
mander of the Ar. Co. June, 1788.

"The interval between his resignation as Collector and his death,
passed in much serenity. He daily experienced the increasing
weight of years, but without any severe pain. After a short attack
of disease, he expired on the 9th May, 1810, aged 77 years.

"In Gen. Lincoln's character, strength and softness, the estimable
and amiable qualities, were happily blended. His mind was quick
and active, yet discriminating and sound. He displayed a fund of
thought and information, derived from select, though limited reading,
from careful observation of men and things, and from conversation.
He was patient and cool in deliberation ; in execution, prompt and
vigorous; conspicuous for plain, strict, inflexible integrity, united,
however, with prudence, candor, a liberal and compassionate dispo
sition. He had, it was said, by constitution, strong passions, but
they were so disciplined by reason and religion, and qualified and
counteracted by good sentiments and generous feelings, that they
never betrayed him into any extravagance, nor suffered him to give
way to any impulse of anger. He knew how to exercise command
without exciting aversion. Paying deference to the rights and feel-
ings of others, whether present or absent, his own were not likely to
suffer injury or insuit. He was always an early riser, temperate in
his habits, frugal without parsimony, diligent and methodical in his
business. He believed in the preponderance of good in the human
condition; often mentioning particularly the resources and comforts
accommodated to the successive periods of life, as affording proofs
of the goodness of the Creator. He thought gratitude, acquiescence
and hope a tribute, at all times due to a wise and benevolent Provi-
dence. He was called to encounter adversity in different forms ;
some of which were of a nature to dishearten an ordinary man ; but
his fortitude and equanimity never forsook him, and he always main-
tained an erect attitude.

" As a military commander, he was judicious, brave, determined,
indefatigable. His distinguished merit in this character was never
denied ; whilst all h^ ° not ^"^reed in opinion upon some of his plans
in the Southern command. Being a soldier of the Revolution, he
had to anticipate the effect of experience, and might commit mis-

341

takes. He was surrounded by difficulties : he met extraordinary dis-
appointments in his calculations upon supplies and succors. In the
principal instances which issued unfortunately — the storming of Sa-
vannah and the siege of Charleston — he had but a choice of evils ;
and which ever way he decided, the course rejected would have
seemed, to many persons, more eligible. He had true courage, with-
out rashness. His calmness in danger seemed like unconcern ; but
he affirmed that he never was exposed without feeling deeply inter-
ested in his own life and the lives of others.

"In civil functions, he took the plain way of probity and patriot-
ism, not despising popular favor, but never pursuing it as an end, and
never thinking it an equivalent for the sacrifice of principle. By the
change of political parties in the Commonwealth, his agency in sup-
porting the laws and suppressing the insurrection came, at one time,
to be considered as demerit, and the office of Lieut. Governor, when
held by him, was, by this sinister influence, deprived of the limited
salary which the Second Magistrate of the State had always before
received. He was a Federalist of the Washington school. From
1801, the party which had opposed the Federal Administration, held
the supreme power. He experienced the sense entertained by the
community of his services, in being suffered to retain his office of
Collector.

" Religion exerted its full influence over the mind and conduct of
Gen. Lincoln. He was a Christian of the anti-sectarian, catholic,
or liberal sect, firm in his faith, serious and affectionate in his piety,
without superstition, fanaticism, or austerity. He was from early
manhood a communicant, and for a great part of his life a Deacon
of the Church. He never shunned an avowal of histelief, nor feared
to appear what he was, nor permitted the reality of his convictions
to remain in doubt. But, avoiding ostentation and bitterness, think-
ing the excellence of the tree more apparent in the fruit than the
leaves, and being a good man the best proof of being a good Christian,
he was able to reconcile fidelity to his religion with the spirited and
graceful exercise of his military functions and all the offices of civil
and social life. Amidst the license so common in armies, no pro-
fane expression or irreverent sally escaped his lips ; and no stain
came upon the purity of his life.

" The person and air of Gen. Lincoln betokened his military vo-
cation. He was of middle height, erect, muscular, with open, intel-
ligent features, a venerable and benign aspect. His manners were
easy and unaffected, but courteous and polite. He delighted in
children, and made himself loved by them. He admitted young per-
sons of merit to his intimacy ; let them into his sentiments on inter-

342

esting subjects, and was forward to aid their reputation and advance-
ment in the world. He had a hiph relish for the pleasures of con-
versation, in which he hore his part with good sense, delicate raillery,
anecdote, and always a moral vein. His house was the seat of real
hospitality. The accession to his income, during the last twenty
years of his life, was applied to a decent provision for his advancing
age, to the increase of his charities, and to the benefit of his numer-
ous family. He twice made a distribution of cortsiderable sums
among his children. As they had good habits, and knew the use of
property, he thought it was unnecessary to leave their claims to be
answered by his executor. He lived in great conjugal happiness
with the wife of his youth more than fifty-five years, and had sons
and daughters, in whom, and in their descendants, he found the
greatest solace. May the principles and virtues of such men be ex-
emplified in successive generations in our country, that the blessings
purchased by the wisdom and valor of the fathers may be inherited by
the children to the latest time."

Lieut. Edward Curtis.

Col. Ebenezer Brattle.

Capt. Thomas Clark, Boston, merchant ; son of
Rev. Jonas, of Lexington, grandson of Ensign Jonas,
1756 ; was born at Lexington, Sept. 27th, 1759. The
first time Capt. C. put on a mihtary coat, was to join
with the Cadets in firing a salute on the news of the
capture of Burgo} ne's army. The custom had been,
when a new Governor arrived from England, to present
the Cadet corps with a new standard. When Gov»
Gage arrived, Hancock was Commander of the Cadets,
and Gage presented a standard ; but, as soon as he
found out the spirit of Hancock, he dismissed him
from the command, and ordered a new choice. The
Company met and disbanded themselves by vote, and
returned the standard to Gov. Gage. In this the Tories
joined with the Whigs. After this, the members occa-
sionally met. Afterwards, a new company of volun-
teers was raised; Col. Henry Jackson was Captain,
Benjamin Hichbon Lieutenant, and Perez Morton En-
sign— called the Independent Company, and went to

343

Newport, R. 1. on service. Capt. Clark belonged to
them. He joined tlie Ar. Co. on its revival ; was elect-
ed its Lieutenant 1792, Captain 1796, and many years
Clerk, till 1809.

Upon the death of the venerable William Cooper,
Town Clerk of Boston half a century, there were nu-
merous popular candidates, of both parties. This cre-
ated a warm struggle. Capt. Clark had become infirm,
and realized little from his business of auctioneer, to
support his large family. Just before the election, a few
friends sug2;ested him as a candidate, with little hope of
success ; but no sooner was his name announced, than
the Ar. Co. meml)ers and past members rallied to his
support, from all parties, and elected him by a decided
majority over all. After that, he was elected without
opposition until the organization of the City Govern-
ment, when he was Assistant Clerk. He had a salary,
$lbO, and the perquisite of marriage pubhshment fees,
said to amount to ^1000 annually. He died at Boston,
May, 1832, aged 72.

Soon after the revival of military spirit, 1786, a company of Cav-
alry was raised in Boston, and the first commander was Rufus G.
Amory, Esq, a distinguished lawyer in Boston. This company,
however, was long ago disbanded. Another troop of horse was soon
raised, called the Boston Dragoons, which was recently disbanded :
their first Commander was Capt. Henry Purkitt, a cooper, who had
served as a Sergeant in Pulaski's corps of Cavalry, in the Revolu-
tion. As the population and wealth of the metropolis increased, the
disposition to institute other corps may be attributed to the military
ambition excited by the public ceremonies of the Ar. Co.

No Artillery Election Sermon this year, (1786.)

1787.
Capt. William Dall, Boston, merchant. Died Sept.
18th, 1829, aged 76.

Capt. John Green, Boston. Died at Cambridge-
port, June 24th, 1826, aged 67.

344

William Shattuck.

John Fenno, Boston. Member of O. S. Church.

Capt. Jeremiah Williams.

Lieut. Ezra Whtney, Boston.

Maj. William Bird.

Capt. William Call.

Capt. Lemuel Gardner, Boston, cooper. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1792; Lieutenant 1799; Captain 1803.
He hved at a time of prosperity among mechanics in
Boston, who, earning their money easy, hved gener-
ously. He belonged to a set, very hospitable, whose
sideboards were loaded with plate, and who brought up
their families in expensive style. They were enterpris-
ing, ready to promote all public improvements, firm
friends, carried a great sway in public, sung good songs,
and seldom had a heavy heart or felt want. A member
of the Old South Church.

David Hatch.

Phineas Dana.

Benjamin Cobb, Jr, Boston. Admitted a member of
the church while young. He was a worthy, industrious
and respectable man, having a large family.

Capt. Peter Parker.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1787, by John Clarke,
Boston — Isaiah IV. 5th.

1788.

Maj. John Bray, Boston, cooper, was born in Bos-
ton, August 4th, 1761, and served apprentice at Boston
and Charlestown. He had twelve children, one of
whom was the compiler's first wife. Commencing life
poor, he acquired by his industry an independence. He

345

was a culler and packer of fish — having, at one time,
eighteen journeymen and apprentices — on Spear's
wharf, which he owned. As one of the three weighers
and gangers in the Custom House, who were then paid
by fees, I have heard him say that his share, on one oc-
casion, was $;750 for a month. After Gen. Lincoln re-
signed, he was removed by his successor, for his politi-
cal opinions, and hved at ease on his income. Having
had small advantages of education, which he always
lamented, he balanced it by providing the best education
for his children. He was passionate, but never vindic-
tive, and his sudden transitions were peculiar. His house
was the hospitable resort of old and young, whose en-
joyment he dehghted to witness, and he was charitable
and kind to his poor neighbors.

In August, (1821,) he, aUended by his wife, was robbed on the
Medford Turnpike, by the notorious Martin, of $14 and his gold re-
peating watch, which led to his discovery. Martin rode up to his
chaise on horseback, presented a horse-pistol to his breast, and de-
manded his money and watch, which he gave him. Mrs. Bray wore
a gold watch also, and she asked if he wanted hers, when he an-
swered, he robbed gentlemen only. Maj. B. became anxious to have
him reprieved, his sentence commuted, or even pardoned, and was
much distressed at the idea of his testimony being the means of
taking life. On the day of execution he had determined to visit
him ; his family remonstrated, and watched him, — yet he eluded their
vigilance, and was prevented by some acquaintance from rushing into
the crowd around the scaffold. He had, up to tliis time, been cor-
pulent; but, before his death, he became extremely emaciated. His
mind, also, was greatly shaken. Conviviality was no longer agreea-
ble to him, and the pleasures of company were so irksome, that his
festive board was less frequently spread, until wholly laid aside.

The only civil office he ever held was that of Select-
man. He was a founder of the North End Artillery,
called the Columbian Artillery, and elected its first
senior Lieutenant. He succeeded Col. R. Gardner as
its Captain, and was promoted Major of the Sub-legion

346

of Artillery. This office he held but one year. He was
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1793 ; Lieutenant 1798, and con-
tinued a valuable member to his death. He desired that
his funeral should be private. He left a valuable prop-
erty, and died August 12th, 1829, aged 68.

If I were to indulge my own feelings — and they are
certainly disinterested, for my wife, his daughter, died
long before him — I should stop to pay a tribute of
affection to his memory ; for he was ever a generous,
open-hearted opponent — a firm and lasting friend ; and
many acts of benevolence and sympathy, with his disin-
terested advice and confidence, endeared him to me.

Lieut. Elijah Williams.

Elisha Sigourney, Boston, merchant. A man of
strong mind and high sense of honor — scrupulously hon-
est, indefatigable in business. Many of his acts of kind-
ness were so abruptly communicated as to be unthank-
fully received. He was in his day much relied upon for
his judgment, and died highly esteemed. He directed
that his funeral should be private, in the morning, before
breakfast, — and he was buried accordingly, on one of
the islands. He was a descendant of a French refugee
Protestant of that name, who came to Boston about
1686.

Capt. Francis Green, Boston. An Assessor. An
officer in the Revolution. He died Sept. 2d, 1831,
aged 81.

CoL. Peter Green, Boston ; brother of Francis. An
officer in the Revolution, — probably the graduate at
Harvard College, 1766.

JosiAH Elliot.

Capt. Samuel Prince, Boston, tailor. A man of
amiable disposition. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1794.

Maj. Joseph Hall, Jr, Boston, lawyer ; one of Gen.

347

Brooks's staff. He graduated at Har. Col. 1781. Rep-
resentative; Sheriti" of Sufiblk from 1818 to '25, and
Judge of Probate — an office more congenial to his feel-
ings, and in which he long displayed accuracy, upright-
ness, intelligence and kindness. He never attempted
to shine as a politician, though the companion of Sulli-
van, Gore and Dexter ; but his temperate course never
failed to be viewed with approbation.

Ensign Joseph Lovering, Jr, Boston, tallow-chand-
ler. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1797. Representative many
years ; Selectman, and wealthy. He is, 1842, the oldest
member on the roll-

Capt. Joseph Loring, Boston, jeweller; father of
Col. Joseph, 1792.

Maj. Benjamin Russell, Boston, printer; fifth son
of Capt. Benjamin, 1740 ; was born in Boston, in Court
street, then called Prison lane, Sept. 13th, 1762, (by
some accounts Sept. 30th.) When quite a lad, he joined
the army of the Revolution, as a common soldier, and
was in the campaigns on the North River, but did not
serve out the war. Upon his return, he set up the
newspaper called the Columbian Centinel, and contin-
ued the editorship more than forty years, till Nov. 1st,
1828, after fighting manfully the Adams cause for the
Presidentship. A complimentary dinner was given him
by his brother editors and printers. In early hfe, he
also printed almanacks, and was in moderate circum-
stances ; but his peculiar talents as editor gained him
much celebrity, and gave his paper extensive circula-
tion. His editorial remarks and summary of news were
sought after by all, as the most to be relied upon. He
was a self-taught man, and enjoyed much esteem among
his fellow citizens. He is the second oldest member
now on the roll. He was a Delegate at the Conven-

348

tion of 1 820 ; Representative twenty-four years, Sena-
tor and Councillor.

Maj. Gen. Ebenezer Thayer, Jr, Braintree, yeo-
man. He might have been chosen Major General by
the Legislature, but did not accept. He was Sheriff
of Norfolk.

Abraham Wild, Boston, merchant.

Maj. Samuel Swan, Medford. One of Gen. Brooks's
staff. Died at Medford, November, 1825, aged 76.

Maj. Gen. William Hull, Newton, lawyer, was
horn at Derby, Conn. June 24th, 1753, and died at
Newton, Mass. Nov. 29th, 1825, aged 72. He gradu-
ated at Yale College, 1 772. In the Revolution he rose
to the rank of Colonel. After the war, he returned to
Newton, and practised law with reputation, and be-
came wealthy. He was long a leading man in the Mas-
sachusetts House and Senate, and appointed by Presi-
dent Jefferson the first Governor of Michigan Territory,
where he removed, 1805. On the breaking out of the
war with England, (1812,) he was appointed a Brig.
General in the U. S. Army. He had sustained the
office of Major General of the Middlesex Militia, upon
Gen. Brooks's resignation, 1796. His disastrous cam-
paign in Canada, which resulted in the surrender of the
U. S. Army under his command, August 15th, 1812,
brought him to a Court Martial, like Admiral Byng,
and he was by them sentenced to be shot for cowardice,
(1814,) but recommended to mercy on account of his
brave revolutionary services, and pardoned accordingly.
He returned, and spent the remainder of his days in retire-
ment at Newton. He published a series of letters before
his death, in vindication of his conduct. This develop-
ment of facts, and other mysterious circumstances attend-
ing his trial, restored his fame in a great measure, and he
was very generally accounted a sacrifice to political in-

349

trigue. In delicacy to the feelings of a valuable mem-
ber, hereafter appearing on the roll, and whose own
political life and character has ever been marked by a
high sense of probity and honor, we forbear to rake
open the ashes of the dead, which a further illustration
of the facts might warrant, but leave posterity to judge
impartially for themselves. Gen. Hull was a distant re-
lation of the brave Commodore Hull. Captain of the
Ar. Co. 1789; a distinguished member of the Cincin-
nati. He was counsel for the Ar. Co. in their suit to
recover the Dunstable lands,- — a man of urbanity and
gentlemanly deportment.

Maj. Thomas Curtis s, Boston, merchant. Died
Nov. 26th, 1823, aged 59.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1788, by David Osgood,
Medford— Isaiah IV. 5th. Printed.

1789.

Capt. William Williams, Boston, hatter. Removed
to Maine.

Capt. Michael Homer, Boston, bricklayer. Died
Oct. 28th, 1828, aged 66. Son of Michael, 1768.

Daniel Rea, 3d, Boston, cooper; son of Daniel,
1770.

William Whittemore, West Cambridge, manufac-
turer. By a patent for sticking the teeth for factory
cards, &:c. he accumulated a large property. Senator
from Middlesex, and Delegate at the Convention of
1820.

Capt. Bela Clapp, Boston ; father of Lieut. Wilham,
1820. Member of the O. S. Church.

John Baxter, Boston, merchant.

John Bonner, Boston.

350

Capt. Jonas S. Bass, Boston, tanner. Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1797 ; Captain 1800. He died at B.
September, 1834, aged 72.

Capt. Joseph Clark, Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1789, by Thomas Bar-
nard, Salem — Isaiah XI. 13th. Printed.

1790.

Major James Phillips, Boston, ropemaker. His
father, Isaac, was a merchant. Major P. was born in B.
May 14th, 1767, the youngest son of the sixth genera-
tion, from Peregrine White the first born male child in
Plymouth Colony, by his grandmother's side. His title
was gained by being Brigade Quarter Master to Gen.
Winslow. He was brother of Capt. Phillips, 1786.
He became Superintendent of the Alms-house, and af-
terwards Clerk of the Overseers. In his old age hav-
ing brought up a large family, this office aflbrded a
scanty living, but he never lost his habit of pleasantry.
For fifty years he has enlivened the social meetings of
the Company ; his peculiar eccentric songs of " Con-
tentment," " The Parson who'd a remarkable foible,"
" Gaffer Gray," &c, were always enthusiastically re-
ceived. His venerable white locks, peculiar tone and
gravity of manner, will long be remembered. He pos-
sesses an amiable disposition, frank manners — great
benevolence and purity. He is now an " active mem-
ber" in tapping his " Barrel of Beer" every Anniver-
sary. He was a judicious and efficient Fireward. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1798, Captain, 1802. His tomb
No. 94, on the Common, was built and owned jointly
by him and his friend Col. D. Messinger. — Sero in
codum redeant.

Lieut. Asa Fuller.

351

Ensign John G. Doubleday, Boston. Ensign of
the Ar. Co. I79G.

Ensign Jeremiah Kahler, Boston, a native of Ger-
many, once an eminent merchant in Boston, " of great
activity in business, and one vi^ho took a lively interest
in all our institutions. He remained an honorary as-
sociate in the Ar. Co. till his death. He was always
charhable while he had the means, and ever ready in
acts of friendship. Editors were often indebted to him
for translations from the Gazettes of his native coun-
try. Reverses of fortune did not impair his habits of
industry, nor his power of being useful, though they
hmited his sphere of employment. He enjoyed the
esteem of numerous acquaintance, and his memory is
respected." Ensign of ihe Ar. Co. 1795. He died at
Boston, Feb. 2d, 1829, aged 86, extremely poor.

Capt. Joseph Cowdin, Boston, son-in-law of Gen.
Davis, 1786.

Ebenezer Little Boyd, Boston, merchant, a broth-
er of Capt. Boyd, 1786. Having for years engaged in
business on Long Wharf, he became a Baptist, was or-
dained a preacher, and removed from Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1790, by Jonathan Homer,
Newton— 1st Chron. XII. 33d. Printed.

1791.

Capt. Shubael Bell, Boston, housewright. Deputy
Sheriff and Jailer. A man of great generosity and hu-
manity, a zealous Episcopalian, and many years a
"Warden of Christ's Church, supporting his favorite wor-
ship during the long period of feebleness in that society
after the death of Doct. Walter. He was the principal
founder of St. Mathew's Chapel, at South Boston. He
was very industrious, but negligent of his charges and
died poor. In early life he married, but his wife soon

352

dying, he lived a widower until far advanced in years
when he married again, but never had children. He
was distinguished as a Free Mason, one of the first
Knights of Malta and Knight Templars in New Eng-
land. He died at B. much lamented in 1819.

Capt. John Gardiner, Boston, lawyer.

Lieut. Robert Ball, Boston.

Samuel Perkins, Boston, painter, son of Lieut. Col.
Wilham, 1765; Representative from B. He is now a
member, residing at Roxbury.

Lieut. John Peck, Boston, merchant. He devised
the plan of filling up the Mill Pond, and owned largely
therein, but not realizing his sanguine expectations in a
ready sale, he became involved, and removed to Ken-
tucky.

William Walter, Boston, merchant, son of Rev.
Doct. W. A Representative.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1791, by Samuel Parker,
D. D. Boston.

1792.*

Capt. Richard Austin, Boston, pewterer. This
trade had been a lucrative branch of manufactures, but
about this time began to go out of fashion. The better
sort of people used pewter platters, spoons, plates, por-
ringers, &.C, and it was a mark of poverty not to see a
dresser abundantly furnished with pewter ware. New
England housewives considered it a display of luxury.
Capt. Austin was a man of strict honesty and honor as
well as liberality. When his trade declined he entered
into copartnership with George Blanchard hereafter
mentioned. Mr. Austin, deeply in debt, suflTered the

*It is impossible, by the negligence of the Clerk, to distinguish from 1792 to
1795, inclusive, what year each member was admitted.

353

latter part of his life much depression. But no creditor
ever imprisoned him, and he was always respected.
Having married a lady whose father was wealthy he
never knew want. He had no children. He was long
severely afflicted with the stone, of which he died, after
an ineffectual operation, 1817. Although the lack of
offspring — the misfortunes of business — the treachery of
his partner and the severity of bodily pain, cast a secret
gloom over his warm heart, yet he always wore the
same cheerful countenance, and died with great forti-
tude and resignation. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1800.
He died a member, but was buried privately according
to his request. If this be a tribute of respect, it is im-
partial, since in his failure, the compiler lost all his
property.

William Coolidge, Boston, an ingenious machinist.

Capt. Jonathan Loring, Jr, Boston, housewright.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1801, Lieutenant 1807. He was
frequently elected to important town offices; Repre-
sentative. He died at B. August 29th, 1834, aged 67.

Joshua Thomas, Boston, physician.

Capt. Thomas Waldron Sumner, Boston, house-
wright, was wealthy and retired to Brookline where he
cultivated a small but good farm. He was employed
as a draftsman, superintendant or referee respecting
building contracts, and for several years was a Boston
Representative. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1799, and con-
tinues a member. When the Ar. Co. were embar-
' rassed he gave the largest sum towards its liberation,
viz. $50 50.

Ensign John Howe, Jr. Boston, turner, son of John,
1773; Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1802; died May, 1828.

Lieut. George Singleton, Jr, Boston, cooper; the
first 2d Lieutenant of the Columbian Artillery. When

354

Bray was made Major, Singleton, a good officer and
thriving mechanic, was superseded, and his spirits were
so mortified that he became dissipated and soon died
poor, leaving a large family.

William Bass.

John S. Lowell, Boston, merchant, died at Bom-
bay, Dec. 1796, aged 27.

Col. Daniel Messinger, Boston, hatter, son of
Daniel, a farmer in Wreiitham, where Col. M. was born
June 27th, 1768. He was first an officer in the militia,
founded the Light Infantry Corps, called the Winslow
Blues,* and was long their first Captain, a good disci-
plinarian and that corps flourished under his command.
Upon the organization of the Light Infantry companies
in Boston into a Sub-legion, he was elected Major and
continued in that statioj until the Legionary Brigade
was reorganized as the 3d Brigade of 1st Division,
1809, when the Light Infantry companies were distrib-
uted among the three regiments ; the Fusilliers and
Washington Light Infantry assigned to the first — the
Boston Light Infantry to the second, and soon after the
New England guards were formed. The Winslow Blues
were assigned to the third ; the Rangers, at first Light
Infantry, now Riflemen, were soon added. Col. M.
was chosen first as Lieut. Col. Commandant of the
third Regiment and held that office until a law was
passed to conform to a law of the United States, giving
all Lieut. Colonels Commandant a brevet commission.
Regiments thereafter wee organized by having a Col-
onel, &c. agreeable to the more ancient method. Upon
the resignation of Gen. A. Wells of 3d Brigade he was
chosen to succeed him but declined, and Gen. Sulhvan
being elected he resignrd.

He was Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1800, Captain

* Named in honor of their patron Gen. J. Winslow.

355

1804, and 1810, and always an active and useful mem-
ber. He was Delegate in the Convention of 1820, an
intelligent and valuable member of the Mass. Char.
Mechanic Association. He was repeatedly chosen a
Representative and Senator of Suffolk. His modest
dillidcnce in his abilities induce<l him to decline higher
honors, civil and military. He had a musical voice
and pleasant manner, which endearea him to his com-
panions, who delighted in hi^' old fa'^^hioned songs of
Mij Friend and Pitcher, Green i-;row the rushes Oh, To-
morrow, &c. We may justly say he has been an orna-
ment to the Boston mechanics — universally esteemed
at the present time and through a long life.

Oliver Gridley, Boston, died at Providence, R. I.
1831.

Robert Homes, Boston, grandson of Capt, William,
1747.

Humphrey Clark, Boston, tailor; a man of amiable
disposition. He acquired a handsome property by
honest industry, but lost it by the fluctuation of affairs,
and with it his energy. He had an excellent wife and
virtuous, intelligent offspring. The education he had
given them was their capital, w here there could be no
failure. One of his sons, an accomplished merchant,
received a present from the insurance offices for his
intrepidity in saving a ship and cargo from England at
sea. Mr. Clark was messenger to the Board of Health,
and finally spent the last years of his life in solitude at
Danvers, and died May 7th, 1829, aged 67.

CoL. Nehemlvh Freeman, Boston ; an officer in
the U. S. Army, and rose to be Colonel. He long
commanded at Fort Independence, but left the army ;
many young officers so swiftly rose beyond him in the
road of promotion, and became prison keeper in Bos-
ton, and soon after died.

356

John Wells, Boston, coppersmith, brother of
Thomas, 1811; was Deacon of the New North Church,
and a Representative. He died Oct. 14th, 1832, aged
69. "He was an honest man in the truest sense."

CoL. Joseph Loring, Jr, Boston, son of Joseph,
1788. He was a dashing Cornhill shopkeeper. Hav-
ing failed in business and changed his politics, disap-
pointed in not sustaining a commissioned office, he
became a violent partizan and first Captain of the
Washington Light Infantry. By his temper he kept
the whole Brigade in a continual ferment. At a Brig-
ade Muster he marched on to the parade with his two
subalterns, four sergeants and music without a single
private. For this he was tried by a Court Martial but
acquitted ; the doings of the Court were disapproved
by Gen. Elhot, who ordered it, and by the voice of dis-
interested men. He was never contented with his rank
if the highest ; would neither be satisfied to have his
Company considered Infantry or Light Infantry, and
was ever at variance with his brother officers. At
length he was again tried by a Court Martial, broken,
and disquahfied from holding any office in the militia.
Yet he had the address to obtain in high party times a
Colonel's commission in the U. S. Army in the war of
1812. He reaped no laurels, and was one of the first
officers dropped upon the return of peace. After this
he became an officer in the custom-house. His rest-
less temper finally let him down to insignificance.
After his disgrace harmony was restored, and from that
time there has been no lack of subordination or im-
provement in the Boston militia.

Benjamin Goldthwait.

Gideon Batey, Boston, merchant.

Samuel Hammond, Boston, cordwainer, born in Lin-

357

coin, and his original christian name was Asa. He
became wealthy, and died at B. Nov. 1838, aged 71.

Capt. Edmund Bowman, Boston, cordwaincr, born
in Lincoln, 1771. He came with Hammond (preced-
ing) poor boys to Boston, and for a while succeeded in
business, but being a more convivial companion and
possessed of a melodious voice, he never accumulated
property. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1803; Captain,
1807. He was an excellent drill officer, and during
his command the Ar. Co. was better instructed than
they had been for many years. His display on the
election day when he resigned (1808) was accurate
and brilhant, prepared and executed with the most per-
fect ease. He was so poor when chosen that he de-
clined the office. The expenses of a commander then
exceeded ^100. Yet his friends insisted on his accept-
ing, agreed to pay all his expenses, and gave him the
most hberal support. During the embargo he was
master of a special revenue cutter in Boston harbor,
and soon after died, leaving an interesting family.

Thomas Bartlett, Boston, apothecary, son of Capt.
John, 1769. He long kept the sign of the Good Sa-
maritan in Old Cornhill, which originally was painted
with " a Priest passing by on the other side." This
was soon erased, because the painter had copied the
portrait and costume of the Rev. Or. Walter of Christ
Church, with his full wig so exactly that travellers were
wont to recognize the likeness, probably too near a re-
semblance in another point of view.

Capt. Samuel Thwing, Boston, baker.

Thomas Green.

Dudley Walker, Boston, shopkeeper.

John Osborn, Boston, merchant; died Aug. 1819.

Lieut. John S. Lillie, Boston.

358

Samuel Hill, Boston; died 1796, aged 27 — en-
graver.

Samuel Watts, Boston, sailmaker.

George Makepeace, Jr, Boston, merchant.

John Winneck.

John Hayward.

Maj. George Blanchard, Boston, truckman. He
was rough in speech and haughty in manners, but
accumulated a valuable property, principally in real
estate, and lived in a degree of splendor. * * * *
*******Qgjj^ Winslow appointed him
his Brigade Major by which he gained his title. He
was Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1801 ; Captain, 1805;
Ensign, 1811 ; Treasurer of the Ar. Co. and Represen-
tative several years. About 1810, he entered into
copartnership with Capt. Austin, before spoken of, as a
broker. His acquaintances placed large sums in their
hands on their single security as bankers, and they
gained general confidence. Suddenly they failed, and
his real estate, valued at fifty thousand dollars, which
had been free of incumbrance was attached. Very
little personal property was ever found and no explana-
tion given. Blanchard was suspected, and committed
to prison, but after severe examination permitted to
take the poor debtor's oath. The Ar. Co. lost nothing
by him as Treasurer by the vigilance of his successor,
but the Washington Benevolent Society lost the whole
of their large funds. He lived, as it were, in obscurity,
till December 17th, 1820, when, after eating a lobster
supper, he retired to bed and never awoke. He was
49 years old when he died, and was buried privately.
Tomb No. 127, on the Common.

Zechariah Seaver.

Jonathan Kilton, Boston, baker.

359

Lieut. John Wheelwright, Boston, merchant. An
effective officer of the customs, much beloved. When
Gen. Jackson's reign commenced, he was displaced, or
" reformed ;" but the citizens immediately elected him
Representative.

Daniel Cowdin, Boston.

Joseph Baxter, Jr, Boston, merchant. Died at
Fayette, Maine, September, 1828, aged 59.

Ensign Nahum Piper, Boston, merchant. Ensign
ofthe Ar. Co. 1805.

Ensign Oliver Holden, Charlestown. Represent-
ative.

Thomas Neil.

Col. Robert Gardner, Boston, merchant. He hved
in the Vernon house, in Charter street. Captain of the
Ar. Co. 1799. He was born in Boston, and married
Sarah, daughter of Gilbert Dench, Esq, of Hopkinton,
Mass. He was the founder and first Captain of the
Columbian Artillery, then Lieut. Colonel in the Legion-
ary Brigade on its formation. Having had a family
quarrel with General Winslow, who married his cousin,
he changed his politics from violent Federalist, and
joined with Joseph Loring, in his military quarrels. He
was cashiered by a Court Martial, being deprived of the
privilege of holding office in the militia. He was then
appointed an officer in the U. S. Army, and made a
Commissary of prisoners of war ; but, having failed as
a merchant and auctioneer, and being displaced from
the Commissary department, and the office of Secretary
of the Board of Health, he removed, with the remains of
his family, to Washington, where he soon died suddenly,
in the street. He was above the middle stature, of a
noble form, open and fair countenance. Although of a
generous and free spirit, his temper was too much tine-

360

tured with pride and passion. He was the compiler's
only uncle, by the mother's side.

Rowland Freeman, Boston, merchant. Died April,
1820.

William Greenough, son of Maj. G. 1740.

Major Charles Clement, Boston, housewright.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1804.

John Russell, Boston, printer; brother of Major
Benjamin R. 1788 ; was long one of the firm which
printed the Gazette. He retired to private life at Bath,
Maine, where he died, August 23d, 1831, aged 70.

Capt. William Alexander, Boston, cabinet maker.
He never held office in the militia. Lieutenant of the
Ar. Co. 1802 ; Captain 1806. He was, in early life, a
steady, industrious, modest man, having peculiar talents
as an officer. The offices of the Ar. Co. were almost
forced upon him by his friends, who wished to advance
him in society. He became intemperate, lost his prop-
erty, and died in Boston almshouse, a few years after,
neglected and forgotten. He had been an excellent
husband and father, but his wife and children totally
neglected him, even in his last moments. He hved in
a day of unprecedented prosperity and dissipation, that
swept off, in its fatal current, many of the best mechan-
ics, as well as others.

RuFUS Davenport, Boston, merchant. He invested
his property in the grand speculation at Cambridgeport,
and failed. His creditors would not take his lands, and
he remained years a prisoner on the limits. He became
almost insane against imprisonment for debt. His assi-
duity in the poor debtor's cause made many avoid him
for his importunity. He died about 1838, his cause
having prevailed.

William Jackson, Boston, tallow-chandler.

361

James Harrison, Boston, merchant ; accumulated a
large property, and removed to Charlestovvn, where he
died, poor. He was a Baptist Deacon, philanthropic,
much esteemed, and a distinguished Free-Mason.

Samuel Townsend, Boston.

Capt. Ephraim Prescott, Boston, shopkeeper. He
went to China, where he procured a large punch-bowl
(ten gallons) to be made, with the Company's name,
&c. thereon ; but, dying on the passage homeward, the
intended present did not come to the knowledge of the
Ar. Co. for many years. It was preserved by his widow,
who became poor. Nearly thirty years afterwards, it
was accidentally discovered and purchased by Hon.
Jonathan Hunnewell, for ^15, and presented by him to
the corps. It has been kept with great care, and is
used only on the anniversary.

Capt. Joshua Eaton, Boston.

David W. Child, Boston, merchant. A man of
wealth; Alderman and Representative. Died Feb. 1st,
1830, A member of the O. S. Church.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1792, by Joseph Eckley,
D. D. Boston— Ps. LXXXV. 11th; 1793, by Peter
Thacher, D. D. Boston— Judges XVIII. 7th;* 1794,
by Samuel West, D. D. Boston— 2d Tim. II. 3d ; 1795,
by John T. Kirkland, D. D. Boston— Ps. LXXVI. 10th ;
1796, by Wilham Bentley, D. D. Salem— Prov. XXX.
5th, 6th. All printed.

1796.

Lieut. Benjamin Coates, Boston, merchant. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1803 ; Lieutenant 1808. He died
Dec. 2d, 1827, aged 61.

* Samuel Parker, Boston, is the first instance since the settlement of the country,
of an Episcopal clergyman preaching an Election Sermon. He preached the Court
Election Sermon in 1793.
46

Capt. Solomon Phipps, Charlestown. Died Feb.
16th, 1822, aged 66.

John P. Dunckle, Charlestown, Constable.

Andrew Dunlap, Jr, Boston, brewer.

Capt. John Miller, Jr, Boston.

Ma.t. Amasa Stetson, Boston, merchant. Major of
a Sub-legion, and cashiered by the same Court with Col.
R. Gardner.

Jotham Barnes, Boston, merchant.

Seth Adams.

Edward Brinley, Boston.

John Kennedy, Boston, merchant.

Ensign William Jepson, Boston, housewright. En-
sign of the Ar. Co. 1806.

Lieut. Col. Peter Osgood, Boston, bricklayer, was
born at Lancaster, 1771. He removed to Boston 1790,
with his schoolmate, Col. Whitney, with whom he com-
menced business. He was Captain of militia, Major of a
Sub-legion, and Lieut. Col. Commandant of the 2d Reg-
iment, which office he held till the peace, 1815. Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1806 ; Captain 1809. He failed,
and was supported by the industry of his wife. He owed
his military distinction to his neutrality in politics. He
died about 1833.

Ensign Elijah Davenport, Boston, merchant;
brother of Rufus, 1795. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1804.
A member of the O. S. Church.

Ward Jackson, Boston, housewright. Deacon of
the 3d Baptist Church.

Peter Oilman.

Charles Nolen, Boston, merchant. Removed to
Philadelphia, and died March 20th, 1838, aged 70.

Edward B. Walker, Boston, hatter.

363

Col. Jonathan Whitney, Boston, bricklayer, was
born at Lancaster, March 27th, 1771, and served his
time at Claremont. In 1790 he removed to Boston,
and commenced partnership with Col. Osgood, which
continued many years. They did extensive business,
but, before their dissolution, failed. Whitney became
dejected, and there was danger of his becoming a loss
to his family and society ; but he entered into the stone
and lime business, which was very profitable, and again
acquired property. He married a daughter of Capt.
Stetson, 1765, and their family was well educated and
highly respectable. For many years he would not ac-
cept any commission in the militia, until, in high party
times, he was elected a Captain of one of the Ward
Companies, by one vote. The election was contested,
and he thereby induced to accept. He was promoted
Major of the 2d Regiment, and succeeded Osgood as
Lieut. Colonel, and when the State law was altered, he
received the brevet commission as Colonel. He was
a superior officer to Col. Osgood, — a man of sound
judgment and strong mind. He was repeatedly Repre-
sentative, and one of the warmest Federalists of the day.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1807 ; Lieutenant 1810; Cap-
•tain 1813; and was always strongly attached to the in-
stitution. A man of great benevolence — but his charity
was not ostentatious. He chose the private way of ad-
vice and encouragement in business to his unfortunate
brother mechanics. He died at Brookline, in the spring
of 1839.

Benjamin West, Boston, merchant ; son of Rev. Mr.
West, of Hollis street Church, where he became a Dea-
con. A man of unblemished character. He died at
Charlestown, N. H. March 25th, 1829, aged 53.

In June, 1796, at the Anniversary printed cards of
invitation were first used for invited jniests.

364

Artillery Election Sermon, 1797, by Henry Ware,
Hingham— 1st Cor. XII, 25th, 26th.

1798.

Ensign Dexter Dana, Boston, merchant. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1808 and several years Clerk. He fail-
ed, but being discharged from his creditors, commenced
business as a grocer and failed again. Soon after he
became deranged, and was removed to Portland, where
he lived with his family several years, supported by his
brothers, and died poor, Oct. 1 822, aged 50.

David Devens, Charlestown, merchant.

David Stetson.

Capt. Melzar Holmes, Charlestown, merchant, was
born in Kingston. He was enterprising in business, an
excellent officer, and one of the founders and Captain
of the Warren Phalanx. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1805; Captain 1808. When the election day for his
resignation occurred, (1809,) old Faneuil Hall was un-
dergoing repairs and enlargement, (doubled in width
and raised one story,) and the Ar. Co. dined in the Ex-
change Coffee-House. After dinner, the rain poured
in torrents, and the Company exchanged badges in the.
large area in the centre. The spacious galleries were
crowded to excess. That elegant orator. Gov. Gore,
presided. Capt. Holmes became, soon after, embar-
rassed by the restrictive measures of the U. S. Govern-
ment. His enterprise then led him to the West Indies,
where he fell a victim to the prevailing fever.

Joseph Callender, Jr. Boston, shopkeeper. He
took advantage of the Bankrupt Act, and became a
grocer, and brought up a numerous family. Clerk of
the Ar. Co. one year. He died May, 1823, aged 60.
A member of the Old South Church.

365

Joshua Gardner, Jr, Boston, brother of Capt.
Lemuel, 1787, died 1799, aged 30.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1798, by Nathaniel Thay-
er, Lancaster, Prov. XVI. 32d. Printed.

1799.
Capt. Thomas Oliver Larkin.

JosiAH Marshall, Boston, merchant; Alderman;
Representative; died suddenly in 1841.

Benjamin Hale, Boston.

Edward Goodwin, Charlestown.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1799, by William Emer-
son, Harvard, (Boston) — Ps. CXLIX. 6th. Printed.

1800.

Henry Mes singer, Boston, hatter. Brother of Col.
M. 1792.

Henry Brazer, Boston.

In May, 1800, while Col. R. Gardner commanded
the Ar. Co. it was voted, that there should be a fourth
officer chosen at the next election, with the rank of
Second Lieutenant, and to be called the Adjutant.
Upon consultation with his Excellency and the oldest
members, the project of having a fourth officer was, at
the next meeting in the Senate Chamber of the Old
State House, reconsidered. Col. G. was at this time
Captain of the Columbian Artillery. This Company
was formed about the year 1799, and from the circum-
stance of their officers being selected from the Ar. Co.
we may trace their origin to it. We may also trace
the origin of other light corps in Boston in the same
manner ; for, as observed in the commencement of this
work, the Ar. Co. was the source from which the mili-
tary character of New England may be traced. The

366

Washington Light Infantry was founded soon after by
Col. Joseph Loring, jr, and Lieut. Ezra Davis, mem-
bers of the Ar. Co.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 800, by David Kellogg,
Framingham — Judges VIL 18th.

180L
Samuel Dowjser, Boston, merchant.

Major Samuel Larkin, Boston. Removed to Ports-
mouth, N. H. auctioneer.

Capt. John Bjnney, Boston, merchant. Captain of
the North End Artillery. Captain in the U. S. army
in the war of 1812. Alderman and Representative.
He died Sept. 30, 1838, aged 58.

Samuel Bright, Boston.

Isaiah Lucas.

Lieut. Richard Edwards, Boston, merchant; after-
wards auctioneer. Now lives in N. York City. He is
uncle to Major E. of the Ar. Co. 1822.

Ensign Isaac P. Simpson, Boston, mason. Ensign
ofthe Ar. Co. 1809.

Major Asa Hatch, Boston. Major of a Sub-legion;
cashiered by the same Court with Col. R. Gardner.

Lieut. Ezra Davis, Boston, merchant; first Ensign
ofthe Washington Light Infantry.

Samuel Billings, Boston, merchant ; Alderman,
Representative, Senator.

John B. Hammatt, Boston, upholsterer. He resided
with his family about ten years at Alexandria, D. C.
George Noble, Boston, merchant.
Capt. Samuel Williams, Boston.
Lieut. Jeremiah Gardner, Jr, Boston, housewright.

367

Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1 809. He became poor, re-
moved to Hingham, and died May 15th, 1826, aged 51.

Ensign James Bird, Boston, housewright. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1810. He died May, 1835, aged 63.

Abraham Butterfield.

Daniel G. Ingersoll, Boston, jeweller.

Thomas Hillyard.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1801, by John S. Popkin,
Boston— Neh. IV. 18th.

1802.

Ensign Levi Melcher, Boston, merchant. Armorer,
and Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1814.

Lieut. Jacob Hall, Boston, distiller. Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1813, and Treasurer several years. Al-
derman, Representative, Senator and Councillor.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1802, by Abiel Abbott,
Haverhill— Ephes. V. 29th. Printed.

1803.

Joshua B. Wood, Boston.

The division order of Gen. Elliot for creating the
Washington Light Infantry, is dated July 7th, 1803,
and their first officers were elected July 29th, viz. —
Blake, Captain ; Joseph Loring, Jr, Lieutenant, and
Ezra Davis, Ensign. Blake did not accept, and Au-
gust 14th, 1803, the Company elected Joseph Loring,
Jr, Captain, and Davis, Lieutenant, and Edmund Mun-
roe, Ensign.

Artillery Ejection Sermon, 1803 ; by Jedediah Morse,
D. D. Charlestown— Ps. LXXVII. 5th. Printed.

368

1804.

William Marston, Boston, merchant. This man
possessed a most savage temper. He was repeatedly
prosecuted for high-handed assaults and batteries. One
instance is characteristic of his disposition. He had a
small, indigent girl, of tender years, a servant in his
family, whom he repeatedly whipped, for small faults,
severely, until she was so intimidated as to shudder in
his presence. This man was a violent anti-mason.
He died at Woonsocket Falls, August 8, 1836, aged
58.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1804; by Joseph Tuck-
erman, Chelsea — Matt. XI. 19th. Printed.

1805.

Lieut. Nathaniel Brown, Boston.

David Forsaith, Boston, shopkeeper, afterwards
auctioneer. Died suddenly in the street, April 9th,
1824, aged 52.

Nathaniel Clarke, Boston.

Capt. Thomas L. Chase, Boston, shopkeeper. An
officer in the U. S. Army, 1812.

Charles Davies, Boston, coppersmith.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1805; by Thaddeus M.
Harris, D. D. Dorchester— 2 Peter, I. 10th, 11th.
Printed.

1806.

Capt. William Howe, Boston, tinman; was born
July 9th, 1782, in the mansion house of his grandfather
in Marshall's Lane, which was built in 1701, and on
which is now seen a coat of arms in the brick work.
Capt. Howe first joined the Winslow Blues, and was a

369

promising officer. When a vacancy of Captain occurred
by the promotion of Col. Messinger, they superseded
Capt. H. on account of his strictness in discipline. He
immediately left that corps and joined the Ar. Co. who
made him their Orderly, and in 1812, Ensign, and Cap-
tain, 1814, He removed from the State.

Samuel Waldron, Boston, housewright.

Caleb Eddy, Boston, merchant ; son of Benjamin,
master mariner, and cousin to the compiler's mother.
Alderman. He married an accom-
plished young lady of fortune. After paying his ad-
dresses to her a considerable time and she giving him
no convenient opportunity to offer his hand, he made
bold to do it at a party of their numerous young friends.
She replied with composure she would take thirty days
to consider of it. When the time expired, another
party had collected, and he reminded her of its expira-
tion and requested an answer. She replied, Sir, you
know, as a merchant, that every note payable at given
time, has three days' grace. Here the subject again
was dropped. When the grace had expired, she placed
herself at his disposal without further importunity.
Thus was this singular and courteous courtship begun
and ended. A very enterprising and popular citizen
and an excellent man.

Maj. Thomas Dean, Boston, printer, afterwards
broker, of the celebrated firm of Gilbert & Dean. He
passed through various misfortunes in business which
he bore with firmness, and ever had the reputation of
strict integrity. He was indefatigable in his industry,
and had a large and interesting family. But a sad mis-
fortune among his numerous circle of promising chil-
dren was too much for his benevolent heart. He died
somewhat suddenly of a violent fever, leaving his family

370

poor. He was second Major, 2d Regiment, 1809-10.
Lieut, of the Ar. Co. 1812; Captain, 1819.

In September, 1819, the Ar. Co. were desirous of expressing their
veneration for the surviving members, admitted before the Revolu-
tion. It was ascertained that only fifteen were living. Maj. Thomas
Bumstead, the oldest person on the roll, invited all those in Boston
or its vicinity to his house. Eight attended ; their ages were as fol-
lows. Maj. Bumstead, 79; Capt. John Simpkins, 79 ; Lieut. William
Homes, 78 ; Capt. Joseph Pierce, 74 ; Mr. Samuel Belknap, 68 ; Capt.
Joseph Eaton, 70 ; Capt. William Todd, 72, and Capt. Nathaniel
Call, 74. To whom in a body, the Ar. Co. under command of Maj.
Dean, paid the usual salutes, and were then invited to partake of the
hospitality of Maj. B. in company with the above named ancient
members The following anecdote was related by Maj. B. at the
time. " On the day when the news of Gen. Burgoyne's defeat
arrived, some, doubtful of the authenticity of the fact, denied it. A
number of the Ar. Co. being present, one of them offered a bet,
which was accepted. In the afternoon when the report was satisfac-
torily confirmed, the members assembled at Maj. B.'s to drink the
punch. It was prepared in a large china bowl, which held ten gal-
lons." From this bowl the Company partook on this pccasion,
Maj. Dean died Sept. 9th, 1826, aged 48. The Ar. Co. attended
his funeral in citizen's dress.

Lieut. Henry Fowle, Boston, block and pump
maker ; died at Boston, March, 1837, aged 70.

Capt. David Francis, Boston, bookseller. A foun-
der and first person Lieutenant of the Rangers. Rep-
resentative.

Capt. William Bovi^man, Boston, hatter. He kept
in Ann Street and flourished in business, but having
failed lost all exertion, but was addicted to no vice.
He became so poor that he was ragged and would sleep
on the floor near the stoves of the Court House in win-
ter. In this situation he was discovered one cold
morning, by a jury who had been out all night, and
some of which were members of the Ar. Co. his former
associates. They interested themselves in his condi-

371

tion, and obtained for him a commission as Ensign in
the army of 1812. He immediately repaired to Sack-
ett's Harbor, engaged in several battles on the lines,
and by his cool bravery rose to the rank of Captain.
Upon the restoration of peace he returned to Boston,
and resumed his occupation. He died at Cambridge-
port, 1820.

Lieut. Robert Fennelly, Boston, apothecary, highly
respected. He acquired a handsome estate, but had
no children. Lieut, of the Ar. Co. 1815. Alderman.
Representative. He died Sept. 22d, 1828, aged 53.

He was Warden of Christ's Church, but joined the Baptists.
While Warden, the minister and church members, male and female,
met at his house. He had just obtained a demijohn of old wine to
compound into medicine, and had unfortunately placed it beside a
similar demijohn of ipecac in the shop below. His wife mistook the
right vessel and the whole church were physicked thoroughly before
the mistake was discovered. This was shortly previous to his change
of sentiment.

Jonathan Kilham, Boston, tailor.

John Pickens, Jr, Boston, merchant.

Benjamin Fuller, Boston, shopkeeper.

John Banister, Boston, cooper ; removed to New
Orleans, and died there about 1 824.

Benjamin Clark, Boston, cooper.

Henry Hutchinson, Boston, sailmaker ; died 9,t
Boston, July 17th, 1833, aged 70.

James Penniman, Boston, shopkeeper.

Andrew Sigourney, Boston, merchant ; Treasurer
of the Ar. Co. and of the tov^^n, also Representative,
and much employed as executor, guardian, &c. In
many respects he resembled his relative of Ar. Co. 1788.

372

He died somewhat suddenly, August, 1820. He was a
descendant of one of the French Refugee Protestants.

Capt. Thomas C. Legate, Boston. An officer in
U. S. Army, 1812.

William Coffin, Jr, Boston, merchant.

JosiAH Calef, Boston, merchant ; descendant of
Robert Calfe, Jr. Ar. Co. 1710; a man of great phi-
lanthropy.

Stephen Bean, Boston, lawyer ; graduate of Dart.
Coll. 1798; died at B. Dec. 10th, 1825, aged 53.

Capt. Caswell Beal, Boston, tailor; born at Hing-
ham : Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1813. A man of lively
disposition and amiable. He died at N. Orleans of
consumption, 1819.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1806, by James Kendall,
Plymouth— 2d Chron. XXXII. 5— 8th. Printed.

1807.

Capt. George Welles, Boston, jeweller ; was born
June 14th, 1784, at Hebron, Conn, called Pump town,
because the inhabitants loaded and fired a pump at the
British during the Revolution. He came to Boston a
poor boy, and became wealthy. He was married, but
had no children. He had the reputation of being a
good disciplinarian, but was given to intrigue, and su-
perseded when candidate for IMajor. Lieut, of the Ar.
Co. 1814 ; Captain, 1820. He died at Framingham of
a rapid consumption, May 6th, 1827, aged 43, and was
buried in Connecticut.

Capt. Samuel T. Armstrong, Boston, printer. He
resided some years at Charlestown. Captain of the
Warren Phalanx. He was Deacon of the Old South
Church. Alderman, Mayor, and Representative. He

373

became wealthy, but had no children. Lieut. Gover-
nor in 1833.

Peter Conant Jr, Boston, trader, afterwards school-
master.

James R. Knight, Boston, merchant ; died at Green-
wich, N. York, May 22d, 1824, aged 43.

Caleb Knight, Boston, brother of James.

William Abrams, Jr, Boston.

Joseph Tucker, Boston, housewright ; died June
20th, 1824, aged 55.

Ensign Terence Wakefeild, Boston, apothecary.
Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1815.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1807, by Thomas Bald-
win, D. D. Boston— Mark XIII. 7th. Printed.

1808.

Asa Ward, Boston, merchant.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1808 ; by Leonard Woods,
Newbury— Heb. II. 10th. Printed.

1809.

Ephraim French, Jr, Boston, trader.

Meshack Shattuck, Boston, silk dyer. In a fit of
melancholy he was drowned from Charles River Bridge,
leaving a wife and family.

May I8th, 1819, a Committee was chosen to ascertain the rights
and privileges of the Company, secured by their cliarter ; and to
apply to the Legislature (if they thought proper) to insert in the
militia law a clause, defining their rights, to prevent all disputes
with the officers of the militia, or any other company. One Capt.
Gleason, insisted that by virtue of his commission he had a riorht to
membership. On a field day, while the members were parading in
upper Faneuil Hall, he appeared on the stairs. The Commander
expecting such an occurrence placed Gen. J. Winslow as sentinel

374

on the stairs. Gleason was hailed and refused a pass. He attempted
to proceed, when the General charged, throwing open his pan.
Gleason said, I will pass. The General said, " You must then enter
at the muzzle and come out at the touchhole." Gleason sneaked
off, and thus the controversy ended. The last clause of the 10th
Section and whole of 11th Section of the Militia Law passed by
Congress, May Sth, 1792, were introduced at the instigation of Gen.
B. Lincoln with special reference to the Ar. Co. viz. " And whereas
sundry corps of Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry, now exist in several
of the said States, which by the laws, customs, or usages thereof,
have not been incorporated with, or subject to, the general reg-
ulations of the militia. — Section 11th. Be it further enacted, That
such corps retain their accustomed privileges, subject nevertheless,
to all other duties required by this act, in like manner with the other
militia."

Artillery Election Sermon, 1809; by John Foster,
Brighton— Prov. XXIV. 6th. Printed.

1810.

Ezra Whitney, Jr, Boston, son of Ezra, 1787.

Lieut. Col. Eleazar G. House, Boston, printer.
Publisher of the first edition of this History.

CoL. Daniel L. Gibbens, Boston, grocer ; born in
B. Nov. 16th, 1786, and served his time at Braintree.
He commenced business poor, with a numerous family.
By his industry and frugality he accumulated property
and advanced in respectability. He was a man of kind
and tender feelings, very hospitable, and urbane in his
manners. A sincere friend of pure morals and integri-
ty. Ensign on the organization of the Boston Militia,
1809-10, and promoted regularly to be Colonel of the
2d Regiment. Captain of the Ar. Co. 1824. He was
a good officer, without ostentation. Indeed, all his es-
sential characteristics were generous, and more solid
than specious. Representative several years.

CoL. William King, Boston, hatter; brother-in-law
of Col. Gibbens. Ensign of militia. He received a

375

commission in the U. S. Army, 1812, and rose to be
Captain. Upon the return of peace, he commenced
business at Sackett's Harbor ; became President of a
Bank, and Colonel of a regiment of New York militia.
He died at Niagara, May or July, 1829, of apoplexy.
Representative in the New York Legislature.

Lieut. Col. Michael Roulstone, Boston, glazier.
Lieut. Col. of the 2d Remment. Ensign of the Ar. Co.
1818. He was inclined to corpulency, and took great
pride in his military office. A facetious friend (Lieut.
Redman) advised him, when elected Lieut. Colonel, to
purchase a new belt, made of India rubber.

Capt. Nathaniel Heard, Boston, cordwainer.

Lieut. Thomas Redman, Boston, paper-stainer. A
man of generosity and wit.

Capt. Silas Whitney, Jr, Boston, truckman ; inn-
keeper at Charlestown, where he died, January, 1824,
aged 43.

Ensign John Whitney, Boston, truckman ; brother
of Silas. He was Steward's deputy for Har. College,
and died at Cambridge, June 21st, 1826, aged 41.

Maj. Samuel Curtis, Boston, leather-dresser. Ma-
jor in the 3d Regiment. He died October 21st, 1820,
aged 45.

Capt. Thomas O. Drayton, Boston, bricklayer. Re-
moved to Ohio.

Abraham Wood, Boston, shopkeeper. Died at
Northboro', July, 1821, aged 35.

Capt. John Dodd, Boston, merchant ; born at Hol-
den, Nov. 25th, 1779; served his apprenticeship in
Vermont. His brothers, Silas, 1816, and Benjamin,
1817. He had a melodious, powerful voice, possessed
an elegant taste and critical judgment in music. Mem-

376

ber of the Handel and Haydn Society, and he did much
to improve the style of church music. His excellent
songs, glees, catches, &c. were the life of the convivial
circle, and delight of the anniversaries. Lieutenant of
the Ar. Co. 1817.

Edward Gray, Boston, housevs^right. Removed to
New York city.

CoL. Benjamin Loring, Boston, bookbinder ; born
at Hingham. He rose regularly from an Ensign of
militia to be Colonel of the 2d Regiment. Lieutenant
of the Ar. Co. 1816; Captain 1818, and many years
Treasurer. He was a bachelor, but universally popular
and justly esteemed, and there was as much of a bene-
diction in his countenance as in that of the late Presi-
dent Kirkland.

Ensign Edward Childs, Boston, livery stable keep-
er. Died August 22d, 1826, aged 43.

Lieut. Zacheriah Gardner Whitman, Boston, law-
yer ; eldest son of Hon. Benjamin Whitman, descended
from John, freeman 1638, one of the first planters and
proprietors of Bridgewater. He was born at Provi-
dence, R. L Feb. 10th, 1789, and graduated at Harvard
College 1807. He waded through much social trouble,
but his biography may be best summed up by saying,
that Freemasonry, this ancient corps, Episcopacy, and
Antiquarianism, were the objects of his unwearied favor.
The manuscript of the History, left at his decease, was
given by his widow to the Ar. Co. together with seven
volumes of Anniversary Artillery Sermons, the most
perfect collection extant. The Company generously
acknowledged this donation by ^100 in return. Lieut.
W. died at Boscawen, N. H. where he resided the last
nine years, March 11th, 1840, aged 51, of disease of
the heart. He was Lieutenant of the corps 1819, and
Clerk several years. His prospects brightened near the

377

close of life, and, though hasty in temperament, he was
always a man of good motives and strict integrity. His
body was brought to Boston, and buried under St.
Matthew's Church, of which he had been a strong sup-
porter. Many of the Company, though the notice was
short, attended his funeral. He was Ensign in the mil-
itia 1809. His laborious research and patient hope to
render this edition a valuable work of history and biog-
raphy to the Company and the country, will remain a
rich legacy to his children.

Capt. Ebenezer Osgood Fifield, Boston, trader.
Graduated at Dartmouth College, 1 804.

James Hooper, Boston, tailor; born in England.

Lieut. Col. Joseph Jenkins, Boston, housewright.
Officer of militia ; Lieut. Colonel of the 3d Regiment.
He was a reflective and self-taught man — very industri-
ous, and had a numerous family. Misfortunes in busi-
ness rendered him poor. He then entered into a large
contract with the U. S. Government to build their Cus-
tom-House and other pubhc buildings at New Orleans,
and became independent. Alderman, Representative,
and a distinguished Free-mason.

Capt. James B. Marston, Boston, painter. Officer
of militia. Died August 23d, 1817.

William Cutter, Boston, rope-maker. Died Octo-
ber, 1822, aged 41.

For several years the Ar. Co. had encroached upon their funds, by
annually appropriating a larger sum than the income to defray anni-
versary expenses. Their uniform, blue and buff, had become totally
different from that of the militia, which reduced those who joined to
the necessity of providing two uniforms. The older members ev-
erted themselves to keep the institution alive. At the anniversary,
1810, only thirty-two appeared in the ranks. A stand of arras, with
complete accoutrements, and new badges for the officers, were pur-
chased. They also changed the uniform to conform to that of the

378

militia officers. They were aided by liberal donations from distin-
guished citizens of the town, amounting to $802 25 ; the remainder
was taken from the funds, to restore which, the fee of admission was
increased from $5 to $15; and Col. Daniel Messinger, then com-
manding the 3d Regiment, was, for the second time, called to com-
mand. Notwithstanding the increased expense of membership, and
the diminished state of the productive funds, the experiment of
changing the uniform had a beneficial effect ; for, at the next meet-
ing, upwards of twenty gentlemen, mostly militia officers, were pro-
posed, and from that time a large proportion of militia officers have
been members. Little patronage was received from the 1st Regi-
ment. Some thought that political prejudices silently had an effect ;
but the Ar. Co. for many years, have never suffered the distinctions
of party to enter their ranks. The question is never asked, to what
party does the candidate belong? — but, is he a gentleman and a sol-
dier ? The members always have been, and now are, of different po-
litical sentiments; and it is a subject of congratulation and pride
among them, that they are united, confining their emulation to the
more noble object of advancing the common welfare. It is hoped the
glory of the institution will never be tarnished by any party distinction.
A company of Cavalry was raised this year in Boston, called the
Hussars. Their uniform was brilliant. The Hon. Josiah Quincy
was their first Captain ; but, in a few years, they were disbanded.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1810, by Charles Lowell,
Boston— Sam. X. 12th. Printed.

1811.

Capt. Robert Clark, Boston, shopkeeper. Officer
of militia. In 1812, he received a subaltern's commis-
sion in the U. S. Army, and rose to a Captaincy. He
died in the service, on the frontiers.

Ensign Thomas Wells, Boston, bookbinder ; son
of Capt. Thomas, 1786. Ensign of the Ar. Co. 1819.
He died at B. Dec. 31st, 1829, aged 49. A man of un-
assuming manners, great purity, and much beloved.

Capt. Joseph Lewis, Boston, baker. A man of
quick, discerning mind, and public spirit. Represent-
ative.

379

Horatio Gates Ware, Boston, grocer.

Daniel L. Ware, painter ; brother of the preceding.

Lieut. Joseph D. Annable, Boston, housewright,
and grocer.

Lieut. Moses Watson, Boston, housewright.

Capt. Isaiah Atkins, Boston, tinman.

Capt. Joshua Simonds, Boston, printer. Died sud-
denly, Jan, 29th, 1823, aged 45.

Capt. Frink Stratton, Boston, grocer and auc-
tioneer.

Col. William Fernald, Charlestown, leather-dress-
er. Colonel of the Charlestown Regiment, and died
Dec. 15th, 1834, aged 53.

David W. Bradlee, Boston, wine merchant. Many
years Armorer of the Ar. Co. A man of a noble, phil-
anthropic spirit. Member of the Board of Health. He
died March, 1833, aged 68— wealthy.

Brig. Gen. Arnold Welles, Boston, merchant ;
born in Boston, Sept. 21st, 1761. He commanded the
Cadets several years. At the reorganization of the
militia of Boston as a Brigade, he was made Brig. Gen-
eral ; and by his zeal and military accomplishments, re-
stored harmony among the troops, and gave them an
exalted character for discipline. He commanded with
great ease and readiness. In 1811, while Brig. Gen-
eral, he joined the Ar Co. ; was chosen its Captain, and
the Company advanced in correct disciphne. He grad-
uated at Har. College in 1780. He declined all public
offices, except in the military. The latter part of his
hfe he was President of an Insurance office, and devoted
himself to literary pursuits. He possessed an ample for-
tune, but had no children, and died of the croup, March
2d, 1827, aged 65. For some time previous to his death
he was almost perfectly blind.

380

" A life* of uprightness and integrity, — a most benevolent devo-
tion to the interest of individuals and the numerous societies with
which he was connected, while his health would permit, will long be
gratefully remembered. In his extensive connection with the militia
of the Commonwealth, his correctness and courtesy in periods of
difficulty, afforded him many proofs of attachment and respect from
his associates, which, next to a faithful discharge of duty, gave him
the highest satisfaction. He died in the firm hopes and faith of a
Christian, and has gone, we humbly trust, to receive the promised
reward."

Capt. Andrew Roulstone, Charlestown, wheel-
wright. Captainof Artillery there. Brother of Michael,
1810, and John, 1812.

Lieut. Col. George Sullivan, Boston, lawyer; son
of Gov. Sullivan, and gained his title by being his Aid-
de-Camp. He graduated at Har. College in 1801, and
was Secretary to Hon. James Bowdoin, Minister to
Spain. He was several years, after his return, in the
practice of law ; the first person elected Lieutenant of
the New England Guards, and afterwards their Com-
mander. He was Judge Advocate of the 1st Division.
He married a daughter of Lieut. Gov. Winthrop. Rep-
resentative and Senator. He now resides in the city of
New York.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1811, by Horace Holley,
Boston— Neh. IV. 14th, 18th.

1812.

Capt. George Wheeler, Boston, merchant. Third
Captain of the Winslow Blues. He died May 24th,
1823, aged 44.

Capt. John Roulstone, Boston, truckman ; son of
George, a coppersmith, and born at Boston. When
the Oxford army was raised, during the administration

* Columbian Centinel, March 3d, 1827.

381

of the elder Adams, he was appointed a Lieutenant.
He was Lieutenant of the Dragoons, when formed.
Commander of the Ar. Co. 1815. He had tlie reputa-
tion of being a good officer. His changeable disposi-
tion induced him to set up a riding-school, — and here
he was in his element. Mounted on an elegant steed,
prancing among his female scholars, giving lessons on
the road, you would certainly think him the Grand
Seignor. (Tomb No. 138, on the Common.)

Col. Joshua B. Phipps, Charlestown, grocer. Col-
onel of militia.

Capt. Asa Richardson, Boston, grocer. He was
born in Billerica, and rose from poverty to affluence.
He committed suicide, from insanity, Dec. 11th, 1833.
He was much respected. Aged 51.

Capt. John Park, Boston, painter. Ensign of the
Ar. Co. 1820.

Capt. Philip Curtis, Boston, merchant. Ensign
of the Ar. Co. 1816. Soon after marriage he was af-
flicted with lingering sickness, and died August 20th,
1825, aged 39. He was buried at Sharon, where he
was born. The Ar. Co. attended his funeral, in citi-
zen's dress, as far as the South burial-ground. He
was active, intelligent, a zealous friend and lively com-
panion.

Capt. Luke Richardson, Boston, hair-dresser ; born
at Woburn, of obscure and indigent parents, who bound
him, a poor boy, an apprentice to a barber. He was
faithful, intelligent, industrious and discreet. When of
age, he set up for himself, without friends or capital.
His habits of frugality soon enabled him to purchase a
decayed estate of small value, near the Boylston Mar-
ket, where he set up the sign of the " Rose." He early
married a young woman of humble station, but by her

382

virtues she made his days happy, except she bore him
no child for about twenty years. She dying, he again
married, and had several children ; but the scene was
reversed, — his property began to dwindle, and he died
at Medford, April 11th, 1830, aged 50. He was a
Captain of militia, and afterwards of the Dragoons.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1818.

Lieut. Robert G. Mitchell, Boston, merchant.
Removed to Havana.

Lieut. Elna Hayt, Boston, ivory-turner. Died at
Savannah, Georgia, Jan. 17th, 1821, aged 33.

IcHABOD Rollins Chadbourne, Boston, lawyer.
Graduated at Dartmouth, 1808. Settled at Machias,
Maine.

Lieut. Col. Daniel Dunton, Boston, merchant.
Lieut. Colonel of 1st Regiment. Ensign of the Ar. Co.
J 8 17. He died Dec. 1st, 1820, aged 35— of consump-
tion.

Lieut. Henry S. Waldo, Boston, shopkeeper.

Lieut. Col. Abner Bourne, Boston, merchant; born
at Middleboro', Mass. Dec. 4th, 1780. At an early age
he entered his father's store, and was there employed
until about seventeen ; when he chose to learn the trade
ot a carpenter, but did not pursue the business. He
was married, Nov. 28th, 1801 ; went to New Bedford
to reside, and engaged in the dry and West India goods
business. He removed to Boston in about three years,
and pursued the dry goods business for about ten years.
During this time he was connected with a voluntary fire
company, and also became much interested in military
matters. He was stationed at South Boston, as Adju-
tant of the Regiment, until he left the city and removed
to Brunswick, Maine, in 1817. He was Treasurer of
the Ar. Co. and the Handel and Haydn Society, (insti-

383

tuted March 30th, 1815.) lie was agent for the cotton
and woollen factory in Brunswick, about eight years.
After a lapse of about twelve years, he returned to Bos-
ton, and died June, 1 840.

Lieut. Col. John Langdon Sullivan, Boston, mer-
chant. Aid-de-Camp to his father, Gov. S. and a man
of enterprise. He removed to New York city.

Capt. John Frothingham, Charlestown.

Ezra Reed, Boston, bookseller.

John Childs, Boston, sailmaker.

Joshua Belcher, Boston, printer.

Lieut. JaiMes Russell, Boston, shopkeeper.

Ensign Otis Howe, Boston, jeweller. Removed to
Portsmouth, N. H. Died October, 1825, aged 37.

Capt. Dvaid Moody, Boston, housewright. A dis-
tinguished architect and engineer in the improvement
of Lowell. Representative from Boston, and died in
1832, aged 50.

Ephraim Dana, Boston, merchant ; brother of Dex-
ter, 1798.

June, 1812, the Ar. Co. presented their Commander, Brig. Gen.
Arnold Welles, then at the head of the Brigade, an elegant sword,*
as a testimony of their respect — a reward for his exertions to pro-
mote the interest of the institution, and for " his brilliant military
services, whereby the discipline of the Company had been so greatly
improved." The Ar. Co. on their field day, Oct. 4th, 1812, then
under command of Major Benjamin Russell, as Captain a second
time, marched to Medford, and encamped for the night.

During the war, a Company of Riflemen was formed in Boston,
whose first officers were Hon. Samuel P. P. Fay, of Cambridge,
Captain; John Wheelwright, Ar. Co. 1792, Lieutenant; and Phin-
eas Upham, Ensign. This company was disbanded soon after peace.
A company, consisting of masters and mates of vessels in Boston,

♦The Sword of State, worn by Gov. Sullivan, and purchased of his heirs.

384

was also formed, and called the Sea Fencibles. They adopted an
uniform suitable to their profession, and had two twelve-pounders.
They were armed with swords and pikes, and acted as Artillery.
Their first Commander was Nehemiah W. Skillings. They were
attached to the Boston Brigade, but not included in the Battalion of
Artillery, and were recently disbanded.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1812, by Eliphalet Porter,
D. D. Roxbury— Heb. XI. 32d, 34th. Printed.

1813.

Capt. Samuel B. Ford, Boston, merchant ; born
in Wilmington, and died on his passage from South
Carolina to Boston, August 23d, 1821, aged 36.

John Blunt, Boston, grocer ; removed to the West.

Brig. Gen. John Tarbell, Cambridge, Deputy
Sheriff.

Henry Spear, Boston, printer ; died August 1828,
aged 39, in New York.

Daniel Wise, Boston, cordwainer and innkeeper.

Ensign George Barrell, Boston, trader. He had
the pecuhar talent of magnifying this subaltern office
by the splendor of his dress, his vast consequence to
the militia, and his never condescending to notice offi-
cers of less grade than Brig. General. He unfortunately
was superseded, and removed to the South

Lieut John L. Phillips, Boston, painter. He
could not trace any connection with any Phillips before
named. He never held office in the militia, but was
Lieut, of the Ar. Co. 1820. A very industrious, intel-
hgent and substantial mechanic. Representative.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1813; by John Pierce,
D. D. Brooldine— Ps. CXXII. 6— 9th.

385

1814.
Levi Bartlett, Boston, merchant ; born in Salis-
bury, N. H. ; Treasurer of the Ar. Co. Representa-
tive.

Lieut. Samuel W. Kendall, Boston, merchant ;
son of Rev. Samuel, of Weston ; removed to New York
and died January, 1821.

Samuel K. White, Boston, shopkeeper.

Lieut. Charles Spencer, Cambridge, trader.

Lieut. Christopher Gore, Boston, painter. En-
sign of the Ar. Co.

Ensign Charles C. Gray, Cambridge ; removed
to St. Louis, Missouri, and died January 26th, 1820.

Charles A. Dennett, Boston, merchant.

John Tyler, Boston, merchant.

Lieut. Ethan Allen Greenwood, Boston, lawyer.
He graduated at Dart. Coll. 1 806. He became a por-
trait painter, and long the Overseer of the N. E. Mu-
seum. He removed to Hubbardston, and was Senator.

Thomas Robinson, Boston, shopkeeper.

Jonas Prouty, Boston, painter ; independent but
childless ; universally beloved for his unobtrusive phi-
lanthropy, and amiable temper. He was long an in-
valid, though a man of regular habits, and studious to
promote his health by travelling. He died suddenly,
Dec. 18, 1828, aged 47, of apoplexy.

Eleazer Nichols, Boston, housewright.

William Eager, Boston, merchant ; (original name
Welcome.)

Col. Lusher Gay, Cambridge, merchant; born at
Dedham ; a descendant of Maj. Lusher, 1638; Colonel

386

of the Cambridge Regiment ; Lieut, of the Ar. Co.
1822 ; removed to Albany.

Lieut. John M. Marston, Boston, merchant ;
Consul.

Lieut. Col. Benjamin Huntington, Boston, broker.
Lieut. Col. of mihtia.

Heman Fay, Boston, merchant.

John Kendrick, Boston, merchant; died Sept. 17th,
1834, aged 49.

Capt. Asa Tisdale, Boston, hatter. This gentle-
man was very tall, erect, and broad shouldered.

On the return of peace, 1815, there were numerous militia vacan-
cies. An election took place on the same day in nearly thirty com-
panies. By way of joke it was proposed to elect Tisdale. The Ann
Street Company elected him Captain, and the Federal Street Com-
pany elected him Ensign. The Committee where he had been
chosen Captain waited on him first and he accepted, brought in his
dozen of wine, and with his fellow boarders, much enjoyment was
had. Before the first Committee had retired, the second arrived,
tendering him the office of Ensign. Nobody said any thing of the
previous election. Tisdale, really puzzled what to say, ordered in
another dozen of wine, and prepared, with much solemnity, to give
his answer, which was, that he felt highly honored, but could not
accept ; he was again urged by all the motives the ingenuity of the
Committee could suggest. Tisdale coolly and dryly answered that
he had just accepted of the oflSce of Captain, and he did not see how
he could, with his great size, cover more space than that commission
required.

Asa Taylor, Boston.

Ebenezer Goodrich, Boston, organ builder. He
died at Boston, May 13th, 1841, aged 68.

By accident it was discovered, (1816) that no records had been
made for four years. The deficiency was supplied by recollection,
and the preservation of reports. On the 14th of July, 1814, Capt.
William Howe issued orders to call the Company together on the
18th following. The United States were then at war with Great

387

•

Britain, and Boston was threatened with invasion. Several members
were absent on duty by order of the Commander-in-Chief. All
necessary measures were taken to put the Company in readiness,
and they continued during the autumn of the year to exert themselves
to maintain their ancient character for patriotism. Capt. Howe
issued an order organizing the Company : Ensign Levi Melcher,
who held no commission, was ordered to perform the duties of Lieu-
tenant; and the fourth Sergeant, Mr. Thomas Wells, the duty of
Ensign. The four oldest active members, not in commission, were
made Sergeants. This order was promptly complied with. Several
who had formerly been members rejoined, and Capt. Howe, at their
request, applied to the Commander-in-Chief for a commission. Caleb
Strong was Governor, and Maj. Gen. John Brooks, Adjutant Gen-
eral. Capt. Howe was advised not to take a written commission, as
that would render him a junior Captain and a junior officer to Capt.
Wells his Lieutenant ; but relying on the ancient usages of the Com-
pany, to hold himself in readiness, subject to his Excellency's orders,
through the Adjutant General, to act near his Excellency's person,
or where necessity should require. This was considered most
agreeable to the dignity and practice of the Ar, Co. in former times.
Capt. Howe performed his duty at this important period with great
honor to himself, and exactness of discipline. The official returns
of the Sergeants on guard were not exceeded in correctness by any
of the militia on duty, and probably not by any regular troops. The
Ar. Co. performed their regular field duty during this period, in ad-
dition to the extra duty imposed by the crisis. On the 7th of De-
cember, 1814, the apprehension of danger having subsided, Capt.
Howe issued his orders restoring the Company to a peace establish-
ment. Before the spring campaign opened, peace was concluded,
which superseded the necessity of further extraordinary exertions.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1814; by Samuel Gary,
Boston— 2d Sam. XXIV. 16th. Printed.

1815.

Capt. Ephraim Harrington, Roxbury, bricklayer.
Representative 1838.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1815; by Francis Park-
man, Boston— Matt. X. 34th.

388

1816.

Lieut. Col. Francis Southack, Boston, baker.
Lieutenant Colonel of the militia. He died at Boston,
about 1835.

David Andrews, Boston, merchant; removed to
Providence, R. 1. ; he died at Boston, May, 1831, aged
40.

Capt. Nathaniel Richards, Jr, Boston, innkeeper.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1822 ; removed to Hingham.

Brig. Gen. Henry A. S. Dearborn, Roxbury ; son
of Maj. Gen. Henry Dearborn of Maine. He resided
when young at Portland, and came to Massachusetts
when his father was appointed Collector of Boston. He
owned an elegant seat at Roxbury called Brinley Place.
On his father's being appointed a Major General in the
U. S. Army, he was made Collector, which office he
filled with great abihty and integrity. He was removed
at the commencement of Gen. Jackson's presidency,
and immediately chosen a Representative from Rox-
bury,— then Senator and Councillor, and elected to
Congress, 1831. He was Brigadier General of the 1st
Brigade, 1st Division, and Captain of the Ar. Co. 1816.
In 1830, he received the honorary degree of Master of
Arts, in Har. Col. A member of the Am. Acad, of
Arts and Sciences, one of the Delegates from Roxbury
at the Convention of 1820, and appointed Adjutant
General, 1834-5.

Capt. Ezekiel Jones, Boston, jeweller; died July
14th, 1826, aged 38.

Capt. Nathan Eaton, Boston, cordwainer; born at
South Reading, and died August 31st, 1828, aged 46.

Capt. Josiah Wilkins, Boston, trader ; removed to
Mobile where he was Alderman.

389

Col. Thomas Hunting, Boston, merchant, born at
Belchertown, Sept. 25lh, 1790. Colonel of the third
Regiment. Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1823; Captain,
1827. He was long an active and useful member of
the Financial Committee. He was of modest manners
amiable temper, industrious habits, and was rarely
known to make a mistake in military affairs. Repre-
sentative from 1834 to '41. Alderman many years.
Treasurer of the Ar. Co.

Capt. Edward Bugbee, Boston, hair dresser.

Capt. Ephraim Whitney, Boston, truckman, brother
of Silas and John, 1810. He died at St. Barts, April
23d, 1821, aged 34.

Capt. James N. Staples, Boston, wine merchant.
He was Clerk, and long a very useful member of the
Finance Committee. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1823.

Capt. Ira Brown, Boston. Removed to N. York.

Lieut. Silas Dodd, Boston, merchant; brother of
John, 1810 ; died abroad May 28th, 1821.

Lieut. Pliny Smith, Boston, butcher.

Capt. Micah B. Bacon, Boston, housewright. Re-
moved to the West.

January 23d, 1816. The Ar. Co. finding their financial concerns
again in a low state, voted to petition the Legislature for aid. The
Joint Committee unanimously reported in their favor. Their report
substantially was to purchase the arms and accoutrements, and loan
them thereafter, the Company keeping them in repair ; but their re-
port was negatived, and their petition, for the first time, was not
granted. Heavy as their burthens were, they soon raised by sub-
scription, $700, which freed them from embarrassment. Since that
time, a Committee of Finance, annually elected by ballot, superin-
tend the finances, and while that Committee rigidly adhere to the
examples before them, the Company can never be in a like condi-
tion. Unparalleled success has marked their way thus far, for under
the present arrangements, a large sum has been added to the pro-

390

ductive capital, and the annual expenses gradually lessened, and in
time must be comparatively nothing. We ought to reflect, that the
selfish motive of present gratification is not worthy to be cherished
by a member of this ancient institution. We are bound to transmit
to posterity that which has descended to us enlarged and improved.
The $700 above alluded to was raised among the members, except-
ing a donation of $100, from Lieut. Gov. Phillips. This gift was
not the Jirst nor second of like amount, bestowed on this institution
by that benevolent, christian, and patriotic friend of his country.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1816; by Paul Dean,*
Boston — Rom. XIII. 4tli. Printed.

1817.

Lieut. Benjamin Dodd, Boston, merchant; brother
of John, 1810, and Silas, 1816.

Ensign John Conant, Boston, trader. Died at Lou-
isville, Ky. September, 1822.

Lieut. Charles W. Gayetty, Boston.

Lieut. Simon Gardner, Boston, printer. A propri-
etor and editor of the Boston Commercial Gazette. He
died of a brain fever, April 15th, 1824, aged 34.

Cornelius Briggs, Boston, cabinet-maker, Roxburj.

Lieut. Alfred Curtis, Boston, merchant; brother
of Philip, 1812. Removed to New York.

William Palmer, Boston, merchant. His business
led him to New Orleans, the grave-yard of New England,
where he fell a victim to the yellow fever.

Maj. Gen. Ebenezer Mattoon, born at Amherst,
August 19th, 1755.t His ancestors came from Scot-
land, in 1662. His grandfather, Deacon Eleazer, moved
from Northfield, with his son Ebenezer, to Amherst, then

* This was the first Universalist minister chosen by the Ar. Co.

tThe author of this mamoir is unknown; the letter following was received iu
answer to a letter from the compiler, requesting information relative to the nu-
merous stations he had been called to fill.

391

called East Hadley, in 1734, and was one of the first
settlers of the town. He died in 1765, aged 79. Eben-
ezer, the father of Maj. General M. was a respectable
farmer in Amherst ; he died in 1806, aged 87. Eben-
czer, the subject of this memoir, was admitted into Dart-
mouth College, — a member of the Phi-Beta-Kappa So-
ciety while there.

After the examination in College, preparatory to the
degree of A. B. February, 1776, the country being in
alarm, and a heavy loss being sustained by the defeat
and death of Gen. Montgomery, young Mattoon, with
three of his classmates, volunteered their services, and
obtained permission from the College to join the army in
Canada. Although the army was in a broken situation,
yet he connected himself with a regiment of N. Hamp-
shire troops, enlisted for one year. Col. Budle, who
commanded this regiment, and his Adjutant, were soon
after arrested for malconduct, so that the command de-
volved on Lieut. Col. Wait, who appointed Mattoon
his Adjutant, which office he held until the army retreat-
ed to Ticonderoga. At that time, the regiment, origi-
nally 450 men, was so reduced by action, fatigue, and
capture, as not to contain more than 120, including
officers. Personally worn down by the small-pox, the
camp disease, and the toils of a soldier's life, he obtain-
ed a furlough, and returned to Amherst, to enjoy the
kindness and quiet of home. His ill state of health did
not permit him again to join his regiment. Partially
recovering his health, he was chosen, in 1777, a Lieu-
tenant of militia in his own town, and was immediately
ordered to Ticonderora. He was in St. Clair's retreat
from that place, July, 1777.

In August following, he was detached by Gen. Lin-
coln, in a company of Artillery, commanded by Capt.
Furnival, in the Continental line, — the militia being
fearful of entering the service under Continental offi-

392

cers. After some difficulty, Lieut. Mattoon succeeded
in enlisting 48 men, who joined the company with him
under Capt. F. Gen. Lincoln, who was now at Pawlet,
in Vermont, was directed to join the grand army, under
Gen. Gates, at Bemis's Heights. In the last action at
that place, on the 7th of October, Capt. FurnivaPs com-
pany was engaged. Being closely pressed, the Infantry
gave way, and the fortune of the day seemed to be lost.
At this juncture, an old soldier, with a long hunting gun,
came near to Lieut. Mattoon, who said to him — " Well,
Daddy, do you mean to leave us so ?" " No," said he,
" I will give them one gun more." At this moment, a
cluster of officers was discovered about twelve rods
distant, and a General officer at their head. The old
man fired, and the General officer pitched forward and
grasped the horse's mane ; — they were immediately en-
veloped in smoke. The old man said — " I have killed
that officer, let him be who he will." This officer was
Gen. Frazier. The subject of these memoirs has never
doubted these facts, notwithstanding any testimony to
the contrary given by Gen. Wilkinson and others ; and
more especially as the Rifle corps, spoken of by Gen.
Wilkinson, was at that time more than eighty rods dis-
tant from the spot where Gen. Frazier fell. At the
close of the campaign, January following, Lieut. Mat-
toon returned once more to his father's house. The
next spring he was detached as a Lieutenant in the mil-
itia, and joined Col. Wade's regiment at Rhode Island,
and was in the action there, and retreat. At the close
of that year, 1778, he left the service.

He was Representative from Amherst, and Captain
of the militia there. In 1785, he was chosen Major,
and in 1787 Colonel of the 4th Regiment ; 1792, Brig.
General of the 1st Brigade, 4th Division; 1797, ap-
pointed by the Legislature Major General of that Divis-
ion, which office he resigned, 1816, and was appointed

393

by Gov. Brooks as his successor in the office of Adju-
tant General. The next year he was admitted and cho-
sen to command the Ar. Co. In 1792, 1796, 1820 and
1832, he belonged to the Massachusetts College of
Electors of President. Senator in 1795 and 1796;
Sheriff of old Hampshire twenty years. He was a
member of the sixth and seventh Congress of the Unit-
ed States. November, 1817, he was seized with vio-
lent ophthalmia, which terminated in his utter loss of
sight. On the following June, he bade farewell to all
public employment. When the Convention was called,
in 1 820, to revise the Constitution of Massachusetts, he
was induced to take his seat as a member of that body ;
to deliberate and act in that assembly, composed of the
ablest jurists, the profoundest politicians, and the most
tried patriots. Thus has terminated the military and
political career of one, whose brow has been deservedly
decked with so many martial and civil honors.

**Amherst, July 5th, 1828.
"Zach. G. Whitman, Esq.

" Dear Sir : — I herewith enclose you a sketch of my life. Not
being able to write myself, a friend of mine undertook to be my
amanuensis. When he came to copy it, he added some of his own
reflections, which appear to be improper to come from me. Several
friends have examined it, among which was Dr. Swift, who insisted
upon my forwarding it, as it is. I have complied with their wishes,
upon this express condition — that it be submitted to your judgment
and friendship, whether to retain or expunge it, as you may think
proper.

" There is one circumstance omitted, which I should like to have
inserted in its proper place. The next morning after the battle of
the seventh. Gen. Lincoln's Aid-de-Camp being engaged in writing,
he requested me to mount one of their horses, and ride with him to
the lines. I did so, and soon found his object was to reconnoitre
the enemy's position. As he proceeded along the lines, he received
from the enemy a constant stream of fire from cannon and. musketry ;
but he was so intent upon his object, that he appeared totally insen-
sible to his perilous situation. Being anxious for his safety, (and

394

probably more so for my own,) I observed to him, that his life was
too valuable to the army to be thus hazarded. I had scarcely fin-
ished the sentence, when he was struck with a ball, that shattered
his ancle, and deprived the army of his services for a long time.
" i am, (fcc. E. Mattoon."

Gen. Mattoon was a scientific and practical farmer ;
a man of quick discernment, discriminating judgment,
independent frankness. When invited to join the corps,
he replied, "that although an old man, he should be
proud to shoulder his gun again in the ranks of that
Company." He entered with his pecuhar zeal into the
cause of the institution; and to his personal exertions,
in a great degree, may be attributed the reintroduction
of field-pieces. At what period they abandoned the
use of great guns, is not known ; but probably in 1691.
In 1810, the project was started, to apply to the Legis-
lature for field-pieces ; but, as the report contained
other suggestions of expensive improvement, the plan
was relinquished.

Gen. Mattoon, however, was not permitted to enjoy
the fruits of his own labor. He was heard to observe,
on the election day, when he was to have resigned the
badges of Commander, and in the ceremonies of which
he could not partake, that it was one of the most mel-
ancholy days he had ever been called to spend, as he
had calculated with no small degree of pride on that day.

The Governor and Council transmitted the following General Or-
ders to the Company : —

In Council, July 3d, 1817. The Military Committee of Council,
to whom was referred a petition from a Committee of the Hon. and
Ancient Artillery Company, appointed for that purpose, requesting
a loan of a pair of brass field-pieces, that thereby they may be restor-
ed to the ancient situation of the Company, (as its name imports;)
as well as to assist them in acquiring a correct knowledge in the ex-
ercise of Artillery, united to their present improvements in Infantry,
respectfully report : That his Excellency be advised to direct the
Quarter-Master General to loan to the A. and H. Artillery Company

395

a pair of brass six-pound cannon, completely equipped for field ser-
vice, and to supply said Company, for the use of said cannon, the
usual quantity of ammunition as directed by law for other Companies
of Artillery within the Commonwealth.

In Council, July 3d, 1817. This report is accepted, and by the
Governor approved. Alden Bradford, Sec'y of the Com'th.

Commonwealth of Massachusetts. — General Orders. Head Q,uar-

ters, Boston, July 12th, 1817.

The Commander-in-Chief having, on the 3d instant, been advised
by the Honorable Council, to direct the Quarter-Master General to
loan to the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company a pair of brass
six-pound cannon, completely equipped for field service, and to sup-
ply said Company with the usual quantity of ammunition as is direct-
ed by law for other Companies of Artillery within the Common-
wealth : His Excellency accordingly directs the Quarter-Master
General to furnish by loan the Ancient and Honorable Artillery
Company with two pieces of cannon of the description above men-
tioned, together with complete equipments for the same, for field
service, and in every respect to comply with the above written ad-
vice of Council. The cannon thus loaned to be kept at the Labora-
tory in Boston, and when not in use to be under the care of the
Quarter-Master General.

By his Excellency's command.

William H. Sumner, Aid-de-Camp.

In the beginning of the Revolution, the Americans had no Artil-
lery. While the troops were assembling in the neighborhood of
Boston, and the British had shut up the town, so that nothing could
enter or depart without their inspection, these field-pieces were de-
posited in the gun-house at the South End. Samuel Gore, Ar. Co.
1786, with two others, laid a plan to obtain and convey them to the
American army. They privately, at night, removed a board from
the gun-house, whereby they entered, dismounted these pieces, and
secreted them in a load of manure, to be carried out of town. The
next day, the British unsuspectinglj suffered the countryman to pass
with his load, and they were triumphantly carried to the American
camp. They were eminently serviceable to our army at the com-
mencement of the war, during which they were in many engage-
ments, and were taken and retaken several times. They were chris-
tened by the patriotic names of Hancock and Adams. At the close
of the war, they remained the property of Massachusetts, and were
confided to the care of the Ar. Co. After the peace, they were or-
namented with the following engraving : — " The Hancock. Sacred

396

to liberty. This is one of the four cannon which constituted the
whole train of Field Artillery, possessed by the British Colonies of
North America at the commencement of the war, on the 19th of
April, 1775. This cannon, and its fellow, belonged to a number of
citizens of Boston ; were used in many engagements during the war.
The other two, the property of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts,
were taken by the enemy. By order of the United States, in Con-
gress assembled. May 19th, 1788."

The piece called Adams, had the same engraving upon it. It was
split, in target practice, under Capt. G. Wells. The Governor and
Council afterwards gave both pieces to the Bunker-Hill Monument
Association, to be placed in the Monument. The State still fur-
nishes two six-pounders to the Company, with apparatus complete.

Capt. Samuel Davis, Boston, merchant.

Brig. Gen. Thomas H. Blood, Sterling, hatter.
Representative and Senator, Brig. General of the 2d
Brigade, 7th Division, of MiHtia. A Delegate at the
Convention of 1820.

Lieut. John Butterfield, Boston.

Capt. Francis Wyman, Cambridge, trader. Died
December, 1831, aged 45.

Nathaniel Bryant, Boston, cabinet-maker.

While the Ar. Co. was commanded by Gen. Dearborn, an elegant
sword was presented by a Committee of past Commanders, on the
Common, Election day, June, 1817, to his Excellency Gov. Brooks,
in testimony of their esteem and respect. This sword and its para-
phernalia cost nearly §200, raised principally by subscriptions among
the members.

It appears. May 26th, 1817, the inventory of equipments of the Ar.
Co. was valued at $2515 82, and that their stand of arms was 64.
The productive funds of the Company consisted of 24 shares Union
Bank, Boston, $2400, and a certificate of United States seven per
cent, stock, of f 400. These stocks were then much above par.
The funds are now (1842) $3950. The stand of arms, &c. in 1821,
were 100 ; Gen. Lyman gave the knapsacks, and a new standard was
given.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1817, by Daniel C. Saun-
ders, D. D. Medfield—2d Chron. XVII. 10th. Printed.

397

1818.

Capt. Benjamin M. Nevers, Boston, livery stable
keeper. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1827.

Lieut. Ebenezer W. Nevers, Boston, wood wharf-
inger, (brother of the preceding.) He died at Boston,
August 17th, 1838, aged 47.

Lieut. Col. Daniel Brown, Boston, printer. Lieut.
Colonel of 2d Regiment.

Lieut. Robert Somerby, Boston, jeweller. Died at
Roxbury, August 20th, 1821, aged 27.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1818, by Henry Colman,
Hingham— Ps. CXXXVII. 5th, 6th. Printed.

1819.

Lieut. George W. Thayer, Boston, merchant.

Brig. Gen. William Sullivan, Boston, lawyer; son
of Gov. Sulhvan. Graduated at Harvard College 1792,
and became eminent in his profession. He was a man
of popular talents, and a polished gentleman. Repre-
sentative ; Senator ; Major of the Cadets ; but his diffi-
dence induced him to resign when offered the Colonelcy
of that corps. After several years he was selected by
the field officers of the Boston Brigade for their Com-
mander, and reluctantly accepted. Delegate at the
Convention of 1820. He was author of some useful
school books ; devoted himself to hterature of late years,
and died about 1838.

Brig. Gen. William H. Sumner, Boston, lawyer ;
only son and Aid-de-Camp of Gov. Sumner ; was born
in Boston, July 4th, 1780; a descendant of Col. S.
Shrimpton, 1670, and William Hyslop, 1755. He grad-
uated at Har. Col. 1799. Representative. He succeed-

398

ed Gen. Mattoon as Adjutant General. Captain of the
Ar. Co. 1821, and is now a gentleman of fortune.

Lieut. Col. Samuel Swett, Boston, lawyer. Grad-
uated at Har. Col. 1 800 ; afterwards engaged in mer-
cantile and literary pursuits, and was wealthy. He was
Aid-de-Camp to the Governor, by which he gained his
title, and first Captain of the New England Guards.
Representative.

Lieut. Col. Ruel Baker, Boston, painter ; born at
Sudbury. Lieut. Colonel of the 3d Regiment ; Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1824.

Maj. Benjamin Winslow, Boston, merchant. One
of the Brigade staff.

Maj. Gen. Elijah Crane, Canton, yeoman. He
never sustained office in the Ar. Co. having joined it
when advanced in years, solely to encourage the militia.
His first office was Cornet of Cavalry, from which he
rose to Major General of the 1st Division, and served
in commission 21 years, or, to use his own expression,
"till he was free." He died February, 1834.

Capt. Peter L. R. Stone, Boston, merchant.

Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Austin, Charlestown, mer-
chant. Captain of the Warren Phalanx ; Maj. General
of the Middlesex Division. Sheriff of Middlesex; Rep-
resentative ; Senator ; Councillor.

Capt. Ezra Hawks, Boston, tinman.

Timothy Rix, Boston, merchant. Removed to Ha-
verhill, N. H.

Lieut. Col. Benjamin T. Pickman, Boston, mer-
chant ; born in Salem. Aid-de-Camp to the Governor ;
Representative, Senator, and President of the Senate.
He died of apoplexy, March 21st, 1835, aged 45.

Lieut. George Stearns, Boston, trader.

399

In 1819, the Ar. Co. printed a list of members, from 1638, This
list was made as perfect as possible, and the thought of compiling a
History was suggested. In the course of preparing the skttcit, many
additions and corrections were made to that list, and it was again
printed, still imperfect. It was then ascertained that 134 were offi-
cers, who had no titles. Nearly as many now remain in this work,
for whom no correct title can be discovered. The Rules adopted
1819, were approved by the Governor and Council, viz : —

Council Chamber, Feb. 11th, 1820. The Committee of Council,
to whom was referred the Rules and Regulations of the A. and H.
Artillery Company, the same having been laid before ihe Executive
for approbation, according to ancient charter and usage, respectfully
report, that they have examined the same, and nothing therein being
found objectionable, they recommend that the same be approved by
His Excellency the Governor and the Honorable Council. Which is
submitted. Samuel P. P. Fay, Per Order.

In Council, Feb. 1 1th, 1820, This report is accepted, and by the
Governor approved. Alden Bradford, aScc'i/ of the Corn'th.

After the State Constitution went into force, the Boston Militia
formed one Regiment, with a Colonel, &c. Colonelcies were soon
abolished, and another Major added, till 1810, when Congress re-
stored them, and the State created, by brevets, Lieut. Colonels, to
be Colonels, &c. In 1798, Boston and Chelsea Militia were a Le-
gionary Brigade, under a Brig. General ; Infantry, four Companies
each, formed Sub-legions ; Light Infantry and Artillery, each a Sub-
legion. The Sub-legion was under a Major, and all under a Lieut.
Colonel. In 1810, Boston and Chelsea formed three Regiments, or
the 3d Brigade, abolishing the title Legionary, the Infantry being
apportioned to them — the Artillery being a separate Battalion. The
Major Generals have been, for the 1st Division —

Benjamin Lincoln, Hingham, elected April 3d, 1786.

Henry JacJcsoti, Boston, elected Feb. 18th, 1792.

Si7non Elliot, Boston, elected June 18th, 1790.

Elijah Crane, Canton, elected June 16th, 1809.

Aaron Capen, Dorchester, elected 1830.

John S. Tyler, Boston, elected Feb. 4th, 1834.

Edward W. Bradley, Dorchester, elected .

Appleton Howe, Weymouth, elected 1839, 1841.

At first, the Ar. Co. re-elected eminent members to offices before
sustained, which is now uncommon. Maj. Savage and Col. Town-
send were Lieutenants twice. Captains five times ; Gen. Gibbons
Captain four times ; seven persons have been twice Captains, and
32 once Captains who were never Subalterns. The only names of

400

officers of the Ar. Co. now lost, are the Lieutenant and Ensign of
1649, and the Ensign of 1741.

Since 1810, there have been founded — The "New England
Guards;" " City Guards," now "City Greys;" " Pulaski Guards,"
1836 ; " Washington Phalanx," first Capt. Kurtz, 1841 ; " High-
land Guards," 1837; "National Lancers," Cavalry, 1836, under the
patronage of Gov. Everett, who presented them a standard — the most
efficient and best furnished corps in the State; "Rangers," now
" Rifle Rangers ;" " Mechanic Riflemen ;" " La Fayette Guards ;"
" Montgomery Guards." The three corps last named, with the
" Winslow Blues," have been disbanded since 1810.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1819, by Thomas Gray,
Roxbury — Rom. XL 13th. Printed.

1820.

Ensign Samuel A. Belknap, Boston, jeweller.

Andrew G. Winslow, Boston, merchant, son of Gen.
John, 1786. Clerk of the Ar. Co. He died at Cin-
cinnati, Ohio, Oct. 1832, of the Asiatic cholera.

Brig. Gen. Nathaniel Guild, Dedham, house-
wright. Brigadier General of the 2d Brigade, 1st
Division.

Brig. Gen. Theodore Lyman, Jr, Boston, mer-
chant ; born in Boston, Feb. 22, 1792. He graduated
at Harvard College, 1810. Aid-de-Camp to the Gov-
ernor. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1821, under Gen.
Sumner. He had no practical knowledge of military
tactics, when he accepted that office. By the unex-
pected absence of Gen. Sumner one drill meeting, the
command devolved upon him. His ill success disap-
pointed the numerous members present. He dismissed
the Company early, and during the week following
studied most earnestly upon his duty. On the next
drill meeting he again commanded, and the contrast
was strikingly evident. Such was the deserved reputa-
tion he gained, that at the next anniversary he was

401

elected Commander and chosen Brigadier General of
the 'Boston Militia. No person ever commanded the
Boston troops with more distinguished fame. An en-
thusiasm and improvement in a new system of discipline
and tactics which he infused into the whole body drew
from men of high military fame the most decided
approbation. The praise of the Marquis La Fayette,
who had an opportunity of witnessing his talents, was
spontaneous and unequivocal. He continues a very
useful member and possessing a fortune, he has not
been sparing in his liberal donations to the Ar. Co. or
the militia generally. Representative from Boston,
Senator, and Mayor of Boston.

Coaxes Evans, Boston, trader.

Capt. Ephraim Dodge, Boston, innkeeper. First
Commander of the Militia of South Boston, upon that
section being set off as a Company by itself.

Capt. Peter Mackintosh, Jr, Boston, shopkeeper,
afterwards schoolmaster. A distinguished Commander
of the Boston Light Infantry.

Capt. Benjamin Darling, Boston, plumber and gla-
zier. He commanded the Winslow Blues. Lieutenant
ofthe^Ar. Co. 1825.

Maj. Alexander Hamilton Gibes, Roxbury, mer-
chant, born at Boston, August 2d, 1791. Lieutenant
of the Fusilhers, and afterwards first Captain and foun-
der of the " Norfolk Guards " at Roxbury, from which
he was promoted Brigade Major of the 1st Brigade,
1st Division. Lieutenantof the Ar. Co. 1821, Captain,
1823. The following is an obituary notice of him.*

" Died in this city, March 5, 1827, Alexander H. Gibbs, Esq.
aged 35, suddenly of a pleurisy. Society has lost a very valuable

* Boston Patriot ; Chronicle, and Palladium of March 9th, 1827.
51

402

member. He was a public spirited, active citizen, always prompt
to perforin his whole duty as was exhibited in his zeal in several of
our military associations, in his punctual and energetic performance
of duty as an Engineer in our new Fire Department, and in the faith-
fulness to the government and urbanity to the citizens, with which
he always conducted as an officer of the customs. At the early age
of thirty, he was elected to the command of the Ar. Co. In all the
relations of private life he was uniformly exemplary, a kind and judi-
cious father ; a faithful and affectionate husband ; a generous, true,
and constant friend. His well proportioned, athletic, and graceful
form, gave to human view a prospect of long life, and a few days
since he was in the midst of us, full of health, activity and useful-
ness ; but God has changed his countenance, and sent him away, as
we humbly trust and believe, to receive the reward promised to the
faithful and just." He was a member of St. Paul's Church, and
upon his decease the Rev. Mr. Potter preached an excellent funeral
sermon.

Col. Samuel H. Parker, Boston, bookseller. Cap-
tain of the Winslow Blues, Colonel of the 3d Regi-
ment, Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1822. He enlivened
every circle in which he met with his chaste and dehght-
ful songs.

Lieut. William W. Clapp, Boston, the talented
editor of the Evening Gazette ; son of Capt. Bela,
1789.

Maj. Stephen Fairbanks, Boston, saddler,- after-
wards dealer in hardware. Brigade Major under Gen.
Sullivan. Representative, President of the Mass. Char.
Mechanic Association.

Lieut. Col. Caleb Hartshorn, Boston, hatter;
came from Walpole, Mass. Captain of the Fusilliers ;
Lieutenant Colonel of Boston Regiment. He became
insane about the year 1 838, and recovered.

Maj. Martin Brimmer, Boston, merchant. He
graduated at Harvard College, 1814. When in college
he commanded the University Corps. Captain of the
Rangers, and Brigade Major under Gen. Lyman. Cap-

403

tain of the Ar. Co. 1 826. Representative and Alder-
man.

Capt. George A. Hodges, Boston, merchant ; born
at Salem.

Col. Thaddeus Page, Boston, grocer. Col. of Bos-
ton Regiment ; died January 27, 1837, aged 49.

CoL. Joseph S. Porter, Charlestown, cordwainer;
Captain of the Columbian Guards ; Colonel of the
Charlestown Regiment ; removed to New Vork.

Lieut. Christopher A. Brown, Charlestown, shop-
keeper.

Maj. James Talbot, Dedham, shopkeeper. One
of Gen. Crane's staff.

Capt. John Muzzy, Boston, grocer.

Capt. Calvin Hatch, Boston, tailor.

Ensign William H. Hunt, Boston, housewright ;
died at Montreal, Sept 29th, 1824, aged 30.

Lieut. Col. Nehemiah Wyman, Charlestown, butch-
er. Captain of the Warren Phalanx ; Lieutenant Col-
onel of the Charlestown Regiment. He resigned his
Lieutenant Colonelcy and again commanded his favor-
ite corps and restored its discipline and numbers.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 820 ; by John Codman,
D. D. Dorchester— Jer. IV. 6th. Printed.

1821.

CoL. William Beach, Gloucester. Representative.
Colonel of militia. Delegate at the Convention, 1820.

Capt. Brewster Reynolds, Boston, grocer.

Ensign Isaac M. Hawes, Charlestown, trader.

Lieut. Col. Eliab W. Metcalf, Cambridge, prin-
ter to Har. University. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1824 ;

404

Lieut. Colonel of militia ; Representative ; died Nov.
27th, 1835, aged 54.

Maj. Gen. Micah M. Rutter, East Sudbury, yeo-
man ; Deputy Sheriff of Middlesex, and rose regularly
to the command of the Middlesex Division as successor
to Gen. N. Austin. Representative ten years ; Senator ;
died at Wayland (East Sudbury) May 8, 1 837, aged 58.

CoL. Isaac Hurd, Jr, Concord, manufacturer or
innkeeper. * Colonel of the 3d Regiment, 1st Brigade.
He died about 1828.

CoL. Robert Robinson, Lynn, cordvvainer. Col-
onel of mihtia.

Col. Artemas Conant, Stow, trader. Colonel of
militia.

Col. William Baldwin, East Sudbury, yeoman.
He succeeded Col. Conant.

Col. Joseph Butterfield, Tyngsboro', trader. Di-
vision Inspector. Representative.

Maj. Samuel A. Coburn, Dracut, innkeeper.

Maj. John Keyes, Concord, lawyer. Representa-
tive ; Senator six years ; Judge Advocate ; Delegate at
the Convention, 1 820. He graduated at Dart. College
in 1809.

Lieut. Col. William Buttrick, Pepperell. Rep-
resentative five years.

Lieut. Col. Drury Fairbanks, Sudbury.

Capt. William Adams, Chelmsford. Captain of a
well disciplined Rifle Coippany.

Capt. Ebenezer Eaton, Dorchester, innkeeper.

Maj. Abraham Gates, Marlboro'.

Maj. William A. Bancroft, Townsend, yeoman.
Brigade Major.

405

DocT. William Ingalls, Boston. Professor of
Anatomy in Brown University ; graduated at liar. Col.
1790.

Lieut. Col. Thomas C. Amory, Boston, merchant.
He commanded the Cadets. Representative.

Capt. William Tucker, Boston, merchant.

Col. Daniel Shattuck, Concord, trader. Repre-
sentative and Senator.

Capt. Richard Bracket, Chelsea.

Major Samuel Burr, Concord, trader. Aid to Gen.
Austin; Representative. Died in 1832.

Lieut. Moses Gragg, Dedham, innkeeper. Caval-
ry officer.

Capt. Silas Pierce, Boston, grocer.

Capt. Samuel Doggett, Roxbury, merchant.

Lieut. Col. Jonathan A. Richards, Roxbury. Rep-
resentative.

Ensign Stephen S. Davis, Roxbury, trader.

Capt. Samuel L. Abbot, Boston, merchant. Cap-
tain of the Winslow Blues.

Lieut. George M. Gibbens, Boston, grocer; broth-
of Col. Gibbens, 1810. Died October, 1830, aged 34.

Capt. Winslow Lewis, Boston, merchant. He
commanded the Sea Fencibles. Representative; Al-
derman. He commanded the Artillery detachment on
the CC anniversary of the Ar. Co.

Lieut. Amos Sumner, Boston, tailor.

Capt. Solomon Loud, Boston, cabinet-maker. Cap-
tain of the Washington Light Infantry. Lieutenant of
the Ar. Co. 1827. Died January, 1833, aged 45.

406

Col. Levi Bates, Weymouth, trader. Colonel of
militia. Representative five years.

CoL. Charles M. Domett, Boston, saddler. Colo-
nel of militia. Died previous to 1838.

Capt. Isaac Davis, Boston, shopkeeper. Captain
of the Boston Dragoons. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1831. He was lost in the steamboat Lexington, on the
night of the 13th January, 1840, on her passage from
Nevi^ York to Stonington; only 4 or 5, out of 150 pas-
sengers, escaped. "His heart was the seat of kind and
generous affections, and he was delighting himself with
the thoughts of home,* on that sad night, when sudden-
ly, with a hundred others, he had but the fearful alterna-
tive of the burning flame or the suffocating wave."

Lieut. Lewis Bailey, Boston, merchant. Died
January, 1834.

Col. Francis Peabody, Salem, merchant. He com-
manded the Salem Regiment. Representative.

Lieut. Col. James Hamilton, Framingham. Found-
er and first Captain of a Light Infantry Company there.
Lieut. Colonel of militia. He kept the celebrated Ex-
change Coffee-House, in Boston. Lieutenant of the
Ar. Co. 1823. He removed to New York city.

Capt. Eliphalet Wheeler, Framingham. Second
Captain of the Light Infantry there.

Capt. Henry Fowle, Jr, Boston, block and pump
maker ; oldest son of Henry, 1 806.

Capt. Nathan Hobbs, Boston, jeweller.

Lieut. Frederick Gould, Boston, clothier.

CoL. Silas Stewart, Boston, grocer ; succeeded
Col. Domett. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1826.

* See Dr. Sharp's excellent Artillery Sermon, 1840,

407

Capt. Walter Frost, Boston, coach-maker.

Brig. Gen. Josiaii S. Fisher, Dedliam ; succeed-
ed Gen. Guild. Representative. Died October, 1828,
aged 38.

Maj. Thomas J. Lobdell, Boston, merchant. He
commanded tlie South End Artillery, and the Battalion.

Lieut. Col. Harrison G. Otis, Jr, Boston, lawyer;
oldest son of Hon. H. G. Otis. Graduated at Harvard
College 1811. He commanded the Cadets. He died
on a journey among his friends, of apoplexy, at Spring-
field, January, 1827. A young gentleman of great
promise.

Capt. John Elliot, Boston, grocer. Died Septem-
ber, 1832, aged 48.

CoL. John F. Banister, Boston, cooper ; oldest son
of John, 1 806. Colonel of the 3d Regiment. Adjutant
ofthe Ar. Co. 1828.

Maj. Alfred Allen, Walpole, now Charlestown,
merchant. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1829. A staff
officer under Gen. Guild.

Maj. Freeman Fisher, Dedham, merchant. A staff
officer under Gen. Guild.

CoL. Prentiss Hobbs, Boston, wood wharfinger.
Colonel of 3d Regiment. Representative nine years.

Col. James Brown, Framingham.

Maj. Gen. Salem Towne, Jr, Charlton, yeoman.
Colonel of militia ; Major General of the Worcester
Division. Representative and Senator.

Lieut. William Hooten, Boston, sailmaker.

Brig. Gen. John Temple Winthrop, Boston, lawyer ;
born May Hth, 1796 ; a descendant ofthe first Governor
of Massachusetts. He graduated at Harvard College in

408

1815. Colonel of the 2d Regiment, and succeeded Gen.
Lyman in the Brigade. Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1824;
Captain 1 825. Representative. His name is altered to
John Temple James Bowdoin.

Capt. Eddf Fairbanks, Roxbury.

Capt. Edward L. Scott, Boston, master mariner.
He commanded the Sea Fencibles.

Lieut. Col. John Brazer Davis, Boston, lawyer;
grandson of Capt. Brazer, 1786, and son of Lieut.
Davis, 1801. He graduated at Har. College in 1815,
and was a Tutor. Editor of the Chronicle and Patriot.
Aid-de-Camp to Gov. Lincoln. Representative five
years. He died at Boston, December, 1832. " He
was a gentleman of great promise in his profession, and
has been much distinguished in our public affairs for
one of his years."

Capt. William Harvard Eliot, Boston, lawyer. He
gaduated at Harvard College in 1815. Aid-de-Camp
to Gen. Lyman. He was a young gentleman of pleas-
ant temper, amiable manners, and enterprising spirit.
By the death of his father, Samuel Eliot, Esq. — a pol-
ished gentleman of the old school — he became possessed
of an ample fortune. He projected the building of the
Tremont Hotel. He was selected, though very young,
to succeed Hon. H. G. Otis as Mayor of the City, sev-
eral unsuccessful attempts having been made to effect
an election. It was expected his popularity would unite
the cpntending parties. While the electioneering cam-
paign was going on, and just preceding the ballot, the
following appeared in the Courier, Dec. 8th, 1831 : —

" A third candidate (Lyman and Wells) now formally presented
for our suffrages, is Mr. William Harvard Eliot, a gentleman whose
popularity with all classes of citizens will ensure him a very consid-
erable vote. Of the many good qualities which have given him this

409

popularity, and justified his friends in bringing his name before the
public, we are prepared to speak cheerfully and liberally. * * »
" Alas ! The voice of praise and the commendations of friend-
ship have no power to recall the breath that is gone, nor can the re-
cital of claims to public honors and distinctions ' provoke the silent
dust, or soothe the dull, cold ear ' of the dead. Well may we ex-
claim, in the language of Burke, ' What shadows we are ! What
shadows we pursue !' Our pen refuses all other office, than to blot
out nearly all that we had written as useless and unavailing ; for be-
fore we had finished our contemplated task, the subject of our recom-
mendation ceased to be a candidate for the honors that his friends
and fellow-citizens were preparing to bestow. William H. Eliot is
dead. That short sentence comprises all that can now be said of
him, in connection with the topics discussed in this article. His
merits deserve a different notice, but the present moment is too
affecting — and here we stop."

Lieut. William Whitney, Concord, blacksmith.

Lieut. Edward Watson, Boston, jeweller. Died
about 1839.

Capt. Nathaniel Snow, Boston, master mariner.
He commanded the Sea Fencibles, and died at B.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1821, by Edward Everett,
Prof. Har. Col.— Ps. CXXVI. 10th.

1822.

Capt. Amos B. Parker, Boston, bookbinder. Died
March, 1833, aged 37.

Maj. Gen. John S. Tyler, Boston, merchant. Prin-
cipal founder and first Commander of the City Guards.
He rose regularly to be Maj. General of 1st Division.
Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1827 ; Captain 1832. He was
born at Guilford, Vt. 1796, and was an excellent disci-
plinarian.

Lieut. William A. Dickerman, Boston, merchant.
Removed to New York. Lieutenant of City Guards.

Capt. Henry Hugle Huggeford, Boston, lawyer.

410

He graduated at Har. College in 1817. Deputy Sheriff.
Clerk of the Ar. Co. He succeeded Gen. Tyler as Com-
mander of the City Guards. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1 828. He became insane in 1 840, having lost his prop-
erty. He was a generous, firm, useful and honorable
man, and died at Worcester, April 1, 1841, aged 42.

Calvin Washburn, Boston, merchant.

Capt. Russell Glover, Boston, master mariner.
Captain of the Sea Fencibles. Removed to New York

city.

Capt. William L. Smith, Boston, grocer. Captain
of the South End Artillery. Removed to Lexington.

Capt. William L. Foster, Boston ; son of Rev.
Edmund, of Littleton. Captain of U. S. Infantry, 1812.
He died June II th, 1822. He appeared in the ranks
on the first Monday of June, 1822.

CoL. Samuel Jacques, Charlestown, merchant. Di-
vision Inspector. Representative.

Capt. Daniel Goodenow, Cambridge, innkeeper.
He raised and first commanded a well disciplined Light
Infantry Company, at Cragie's Point. He removed to
New Hampshire, and lastly to Windsor, Vt. A gentle-
man of benevolent, convivial feelings.

Capt. Otis B. Prescott, Cambridge. Removed
south.

Capt. Genet Holbrook, Boston, grocer. Died Nov.
21st, 1826, aged 31. He added much to the festivities
of the Company by the taste and purity of his songs.

Lieut. Col. Ebenezer Neal, Lynn. Militia officer.

CoL. Daniel N. Breed, Lynn, innkeeper. Colonel
of militia.

Ensign Joshua C. Bates, Boston, trader.

411

Capt. Samuel Hobbs, Weston, tanner ; brother of
Col. P. Hobbs, 1821. Representative.

John H. Pearson, Boston; born in Wilmington. An
enterprising merchant, and most estimable man.

Maj. Louis Dennis, Boston, mason. Major of 2d
Regiment. An excellent officer and estimable citizen.
Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1833 ; Captain, 1838. He was
born at Hardvvick, Mass. Feb. 8, 1799. He com-
manded the Fusilhers, and again when their name was
changed to Hancock Light Infantry.

Lieut. Asa Clark, Boston, glazier.

Lieut. Col. Elias Kingsley, Boston, plaisterer.

Capt. John Ruggles, Cambridge, victualler ; Cap-
tain of Light Infantry.

Capt. Daniel T. Curtis, Cambridge, leather-dres-
ser. A very industrious, frugal and temperate man.
He had acquired property, and had several children.
He fell among gamblers, who stripped him in four
weeks of all he possessed. In pursuit of them he was
found hanging to a bed-post at Providence Hotel. Sus-
picions arose of his being murdered.

Capt. George Johnson, Lynn.

Lieut. Jacob H. Bates, Cambridge.

Lieut. Charles Everett, Cambridge. Represen-
tative. *

Col. Samuel Learned, Watertown, housewright ;
born at W. March 9th, 1789. Colonel of militia, Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1825; Captain, 1828. He died
of the Asiatic cholera in 1832, at Whitehall, Vt.

Col. Elisha Stratton, Watertown, innkeeper.
He succeeded Col. Learned. Lieutenant of the Ar.
Co. 1826.

412

Capt. James Garland, Boston, housewright.

Capt. Francis Alden, Dedliam, innkeeper.

JosiAH W. Homes, Boston, merchant; died Dec.
1 833, aged 40, while Armorer.

Daniel Messinger, Jr, Boston, hatter; oldest son
of Col. M. 1792.

Elisha King, Boston, shopkeeper.

Maj. Marshall B. Spring, Watertown, lawyer;
graduated at Har. College, 1812. An officer of the
Cadets. Representative. He died Sept. 17th, 1825,
aged 33. " The worth of this young man was such,"
says his obituary, " that the town attended his funeral
at the meeting-house, and a sermon was preached."

Capt. John Farrie, Jr, Boston, lawyer ; son of
John, cooper, Boston. He was distinguished by school
honors in his youth, and educated a lawyer without a col-
lege education. He possessed the qualities which make
the useful citizen, was social, liberal, energetic, and
public spirited. Captain of the Winslow Blues, and
their Treasurer, extricating them from heavy embarrass-
ments. Assistant Clerk of the Senate. He died Oct.
13th, 1826, aged 32, of rapid consumption. He never
had an enemy, was dutiful and affectionate, in all re-
lations, ever doing good offices. He dined with his
father and family on the day of his death. Fully per-
suaded of tlie near approach of death, he heard with
perfect composure his physician apprize him of his situ-
ation ; conversing with his friends without alarm, and
died giving directions respecting a cause of his client.
He was never married. Although no public notice had
been given of his funeral, it was attended by a long
procession, composed of the Bar, the Ar. Co. and vari-
ous societies.

Col. Francis B. Fay, Southboro', yeoman ; repre-

413

sented that town, 1 830 ; removed to Chelsea and was
Representative; Senator, 1842.

Capt. Daniel Hastings, 2d, Boston, housewright.

Lieut. Reuben Vose, Boston, shopkeeper.

Brig. Gen. Josiah L. C. Amee, Boston, sailmaker.
Colonel of the 3d Regiment ; Brig. General, August 3d,
1836. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1835.

Capt. Amos H. Haskell, Boston, bookbinder.

Capt. Reuben Carver, Jr, Boston, trader.

Lieut. Eddy Fairbanks, Roxbury.

Lieut. Sumner Fuller, Boston, soap boiler ; mem-
ber of O. S. Church.

Capt. Nichols Tower, Cohasset, trader.

Capt. Charles Hubbard, Boston, sign painter.

Capt. James Sharp, Boston, cabinet maker.

Col. Henry S. Kent, Boston, trader; succeeded
Col. Stewart.

Maj. Abraham Edwards, Cambridge, lawyer ; grad-
uated at Har. College in 1819. Brigade Major. Ad-
jutant of the Ar. Co. 1825; Captain, 1842. Repre-
sentative from Brighton and Cambridge. He com-
manded the " Mass. Guards " at Cambridge. He was
born in Boston, Sept. 7th, 1798.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1822; by John G. Pal-
fray, Boston — Jer. VI. 16th.

1823.

Capt. Thaddeus B. Bigelow, Cambridge ; gradu-
ated at Har. College, 1820.

Capt. Thomas Haviland, Boston, plaisterer.

Ensign Benjamin True, Boston.

414

Abraham Wild, Esq, Boston, lawyer; graduated at
Har. College, 1809 ; oldest son of Abraham, 1788. He
died suddenly, Sept. 30th, 1825, aged 35.

Ensign Willard Partridge, Boston.

Capt. Thomas P. Carver, Boston, trader ; brother
ofCapt. C. 1822.

Capt. William H. Howard, Boston, iron founder.

Capt. Elijah Packard, Boston, machinist.

Capt. Luther Parker, Boston, truckman. Captain
of the Dragoons.

Capt. Alexander Parris, Boston, architect. Cap-
tain of U. S. Artificers, 1812.

Capt. Edmund Longley, Boston, blacksmith ; died
1832.

Lieut. Thomas Harback, Jr, Boston, grocer.

Ensign Clarendon Wheelock, Shrewsbury.

Ensign Isaac T. Dupee, Boston, apothecary.

Capt. William C. Stimpson, Boston, druggist.
Captain of the Winslow Blues.

Lieut. Col. Josiah Quincy, Jr, Boston, lawyer;
son of the President of H. Col. ; graduated at Har.
College, 1821 ; Captain of the Ar. Co. 1829. Lieu-
tenant of the B. L. Infantry, and Aid to Gov. Lincoln.
He was born in Pearl Street, Boston, January 17th,
1802, and President of the Senate, 1842. His ready
wit and talent at presiding are preeminent.

Ensign James Sinclair, Boston, housewright.

Col. Samuel Ward, Shrewsbury.

Lieut. Col. John B. Bates, Plymouth, mason.

Maj. Joseph W. Newell, Charlestown.

415

Capt. James Hunt, Boston, housewright. Captain
of the Mechanic Riflemen and Winslow Blues. Lieu-
tenant of Ar. Co. 1837.

Lieut. Nathaniel Greene, Boston, printer. Post-
master.

Capt. Seriah Stevens, Boston, machinist. Captain
of the Pulaski Guards.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1823 ; by John S. J. Gar-
diner, D. D. Boston— Acts X. 1st, 2d. Printed.

1824.

Capt. Derastus Clapp, Boston, auctioneer.

Capt. Parker H. Pierce, Boston, merchant ; Cap-
tain of the Boston Light Infantry. An excellent offi-
cer; Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1826; Captain, 1830;
born at Little Compton, R. L Dec. 11th, 1794. The
Ar. Co. performed escort under his command at the
Second Century Celebration of Boston.

Capt. Joseph Converse, Boston, grocer.

Capt. John T. Dingley, Boston, hatter.

Capt. Stephen Wiley, Charlestown, stable keeper.
Captain of the Dragoons. Representative.

Capt. Edmund F. Dixey, Marblehead, tailor ; offi-
cer of Cavalry in Salem ; removed to Worcester.

Capt. Amos Bridges, Holliston. Captain of Light
Infantry.

Capt. Nathaniel L. Hooper, Marblehead, mer-
chant. Graduated at Har. College 1819. Captain of
Light Infantry. ^

Capt. Elisha Winslow, Boston, merchant.

Maj. Wyman Richardson, Woburn, lawyer. Grad-
uated at Har. College 1804. Died in 1841.

416

Lieut. Col. Abijah Ellis, Hopkinton. Captain of
a Rifle Company ; Lieut. Colonel of militia ; Lieuten-
ant of the Ar. Co. 1 834.

. Ensign John T. Gleason, Boston, merchant,

Capt. Josiah Wheelwright, Boston, merchant. He
died Nov. 19th, 1826, aged 25, in consequence of fa-
tigue, at a Division Review at Dedham. A very amia-
ble young man, recently married.

Ensign Joseph V. Heath, Boston, shopkeeper;
grandson of Gen. Heath, 1754.

Capt. Charles Brackett, Newton, butcher. Cap-
tain of Cavalry.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1824, by James Walker,
Charlestown— Ps. XX. 5th.

1825.

Capt. Martin Wilder, Boston, blacksmith. Cap-
tain of Artillery in Watertown. His father, who had
twenty-one children, lived in Hingham, where he was
born. He married in 1 841 . Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1 830 ; Armorer.

Col. William B. Adams, Marblehead. Officer in
the U. S. Army, 1812. Collector of the port of M.
Captain of Light Infantry ; Lieut. Colonel of the Salem
Regiment. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1830; Captain
1831. Representative.

Capt. Gillam B. W^heeler, Boston, housewright.

Lieut. John A. Boutelle, Boston, glass-cutter. Re-
moved to New York.

Col. Amos S. Allen, Jr, Boston, innkeeper. Colo-
nel of 1st Regiment.

Capt. George Page, Boston, housewright.

417

Nov. 10th, 1825— Fire in Court street. The offices of Gen. Win-
throp, the Commander, and Z. G. AVhitman, Clerk, were burnt, con-
taining a transcript of the records, with a corrected roll of the Ar.
Co. from its foundation, and a list of officers and preachers of the
annual sermon. The Ar. Co. had paid Mr, Whitman §125 for
transcribing it. Gen. Winthrop immediately gave the Company a
new folio book. The old records in Mr. W.'s office, being on the
lower floor, were saved. It took ten years to complete the second
transcript, which is deposited in the Athenasum.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1825, by Nath'l L. Froth-
ingham, Boston — 1st Mac. IV. 38th, 40th. Printed.

1826.

Lieut. John Dorr, Charlestown, tailor.

Maj. Ezra Stone, Cambridge, glass-cutter.

Capt. Isaac Stone, Watertown, yeoman.

Ensign Edward Dana, Watertown, trader.

Maj. George W. Adams, Boston, lawyer ; oldest son
of President J. Q. Adams. Graduated at Har. College
1821. Successor of Capt. Huggeford, in the City
Guards ; Brig. Major. He was drowned on his pas-
sage to New York, near Hurl-Gate.

Lieut. James Henry, Boston, housewright.

Lieut. Richard W. Hixon, Dorchester.

Capt. David Daley, Cambridge.

Maj. Napoleon Bonaparte Mountfort, Boston,
trader. Removed to New York city.

Capt. Daniel Tisdale, Boston.

Ensign Calvin Taylor, Boston, innkeeper.

Maj. William C. Tyler, Boston, merchant; brother
and Brigade Major of Gen. Tyler.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1826, by Francis W. P.
Greenwood, Boston — Isaiah XLI. 22d. Printed.

418

1827.

Capt. William Lingham, Roxbury, miller.

Col. Abraham Bigelow, Natick, yeoman.

Col. Nathan Adams, Hopkinton, yeoman ; succeed-
ed Col. Bigelow in the militia.

Maj. Samuel Lynes, Boston, housewright. Captain
of the Washington Artillery ; Major of the Battalion.

Maj. Jonathan Amory, Jr, Boston, (now N. York,)
merchant. Major of the Independent Cadets ; Lieu-
tenant of the Ar. Co. 1829.

Capt. Otis Drury, Natick ; merchant, Boston.

Capt. Thomas Simpson, Boston, broker ; born at
Portsmouth, N. H.

Caleb Strong Whitman, Boston, physician ; M. D.
at Har. College, 1831 ; brother of Z. G. W. 1810.

Maj. Gen. Samuel Chandler, Lexington, innkeeper.
An officer in the U. S. Army, 1812. Colonel of militia ;
Lieutenant of Ar. Co. 1828; Brig. General Dec. 12th,
1834, and Major General of the Middlesex Division,
Feb. 13th, 1835. Captain of Ar. Co. 1836. Senator
of Middlesex, and is now Sheriff. Amiable in dispo-
sition, noble in appearance, upright and deliberate.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1827, by John Brazer,
Salem— Ps. CXXVII. 1st.

1828.

John Marshall Ward, Boston, merchant ; son of
Chief Justice Ward.

Maj. David Lee Child, Boston, lawyer. Sub-mas-
ter of Latin School. Graduated at Har. College 1817.
An officer in the Spanish Patriot service. South Amer-
ica. On his return he commanded the Fusilliers, and

419

was Brigade Major. Representative ; Editor of a news-
paper, and now engaged in the manufacture of beet
sugar, in the interior.

Capt. William Carlton, Boston, tinman.

Ensign Luther B. Wyman, Boston.

Capt. William Tilestone, Cambridge, stable keep-
er. Captain of Light Infantry.

Capt. Josiah Dunham, Jr, Boston, rope maker.
First Captain of the Pulaski Guards, 1836.

Capt. Lowell Pratt, Boston, iron founder.

Lieut. Francis H. P. Homer, Boston, trader.

Thomas J. Leland, Boston, butcher.

Capt. William Hayden, Boston, painter.

Capt. John Day, Boston, silversmith.

Capt. Henry F. Alexander, Boston.

Lieut. Ebenezer N. Stratton, Boston ; son of
Capt. S. 1811.

Capt. Jonas Davis, Roxbury.

Col. William H. Spooner, Roxbury, shopkeeper ;
grandson of Gen. W^illiam Heath, 1754. Colonel of
militia; Adjutant of Ar. Co. 1829. He commanded
the highly disciplined "Norfolk Guards," 1841. Rep-
resentative.

Lieut. Joseph Merriam, Jr, Lexington, trader.

Maj. Gen. Aaron Capen, Dorchester, yeoman ; suc-
ceeded Gen. Crane. Removed to Gardiner, Maine.

Brig. Gen. Thomas Taylor, Quincy, yeoman. Brig.
General of 1st Brigade, 1st Division. Representative ;
Deputy Sheriff.

Lieut. Col. Benjamin L. Saunderson, West Cam-
bridge, yeoman. Lieut. Colonel of militia.

420

Col. Artemas Dryden, Jr, Holden, machinist.
Capt. Billings Smith, Cambridge, grocer.
Lieut. Arab Bayley, Watertown, cordvvainer.

Lieut. Col. Amos H. Livermore, Watertown, yeo-
man.

Capt. William D. Lownes, Roxbiiry, machinist.

Lieut. Henry J. Baxter, Lowell, tailor.

Col. Amasa G. Smith, Boston, housewright, after-
wards merchant. Colonel of the 2d Regiment ; Lieu-
tenant of Ar. Co. 1831, and commander 1837. He was
born at Barre, Mass. March 13th, 1801. He first com-
manded the Light Infantry Regiment of Boston, and
was a soldier of high reputation, and a man of the kind-
est disposition.

Lieut. Col. Daniel D. Broadhead, Boston, mer-
chant.

Col. Thomas Livermore, Watertown, yeoman;
brother of Lieut. Col. Amos. He commanded a regi-
ment of Artillery. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1834. A
church member.

Maj. W^illiam Foster Otis, Boston, lawyer; broth-
er of Lieut. Col. H. G. Otis, jr, 1821. He graduated
at Har. Col. 1821. Judge Advocate; Representative.

Brig. Gen. Thomas Davis, Boston, merchant. Colo-
nel of the 1st Regiment; Lieutenant of the Ar. Co.
1831; Captain 1835; Brig. General 1834. He was
born at Holden, Mass. June 2d, 1796. His father,
Thomas D. was a revolutionary soldier. He was the
founder and first Captain of the National Lancers,
founded in June, 1837.

Brig. Gen. Abijah Thompson, Woburn. Colonel of
Artillery.

421

Capt. Cephas Houghton, Waltham, wheelwright.
Captain of Light Infantry. He removed to Warner,
N. H. and became a wealthy and scientific farmer.

Capt. Uriah B. Stearns, Waltham, yeoman.

Capt. Jefferson Dodge, Waltham, blacksmith.

Capt. Robert M. Baldwin, Waltham, yeoman.

Lieut. Convers Smith, Waltham, yeoman.

Lieut. George W. Daniels, Waltham, blacksmith.

Nathaniel Sherman, Boston, housewright.

Capt. Francis Brinley, Jr, Boston, lawyer. Grad-
uated at Har. Col. 1818. He commanded the "Rifle
Rangers." Removed to Bangor and Providence.

Maj. Francis Holden, Boston, grocer.

Col. Marshall P. Wilder, Boston, merchant.
Colonel of a Regiment in New Hampshire. A distin-
guished horticulturahst.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1828 ; by John Pierpont,
Boston — 1st Cor. IX. 7th, 1st clause. Printed.

1829.

George H. Whitman, Boston, lawyer ; brother of
Lieut. Z. G. 1810; graduated at Har. College, 1827.
His baptismal name was John Winslow. Clerk of the
Ar. Co. from 1833 to 1842. Born at Boston, Feb. 10,
1808. Author of a Prize Essay on a Congress of Na-
tions to settle international disputes without war.

Lieut. Sumner Crosby, Boston, tailor.

Lieut. John Eaton, Boston, stereotyper. Adjutant
of Ar. Co. 1831.

Capt. Samuel S. Perkins, Boston, housewright.

James W. Converse, Boston, merchant; brother of
Capt. Converse, 1824.

422

Col. John P. Bigelow, Boston, lawyer ; son of
Hon. Timothy Bigelow of Groton. He graduated at
Harvard College, 1815. Division Inspector. Repre-
sentative seven years. Secretary of Massachusetts.
He commanded the Medford Ind. L. Infantry.

Lieut. Josiah S. Clark, Watertown.

Lieut. Isaac P. Clark, Watertown.

Lieut. Joseph Lopez, Cambridge.

Lieut. Col. John P. Clapp, Dorchester, lawyer ;
a descendant of Capt. Roger, ] 646.

Col. Joseph B. Towle, Roxbury.

Col. James Jacques, yeoman ; Representative from
Wilmington.

Lieut. Edmund Parker, Jr, Woburn.

Capt. John C. Mann, Boston, iron founder.

Brig. Gen. Prentice Sarin, Putney, Vermont, yeo-
man ; Representative in the Vermont Legislature, and
sustained several municipal offices. He was a man of
enterprise, and attended the Brighton market with val-
uable droves of cattle and horses, and had accumulated
property, but became deranged and poor.

Lieut. Ephraim B. Patch, Woburn.

Capt. Lyman Goodnow, Boston, paver ; died Nov.
13th, 1839, much respected and lamented.*

Maj. Aaron Davis Capen, Dorchester, schoolmas-
ter; nephew and Aid to Gen. Capen, 1828. He grad-
uated at Har. College, 1827. He obtained medals for
manufacturing wine from native grape, at Mechanics'
Fair, Boston, 1840-1. Born Dec. 5th, 1805.

Lieut. Jones Eastabrooks, Brighton, innkeeper.

* Vide Dr. Sharp's valuable Artillery Sermon, 1840.

423

Capt. Daniel F. Hunting, Boston, truckman. Cap-
tain of the Dragoons.

Lieut. Col. Peter Dunbar, Boston, truckman.
Born at Easton, 1801. Lieut. Colonel of the 1st Reg-
iment. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1833, and com-
mands the Lancers, 1840 — obtained the cannon medal,
1841.

Lieut. Hiram Harris, Boston.

Capt. Edward Codman, Boston, grocer. Captain
of the Boston Light Infantry.

Capt. Russell Sturgis, Boston, merchant, grand-
son of Lieutenant Russell, 1786; educated a lawyer.
His name was originally Nathaniel. Adjutant of the
Ar. Co. 1830.

Capt. John C. Park, Boston, lawyer; graduated
at Har. College, 1824; Clerk of the Ar. Co. He
commanded the City Guards. Representative.

Ensign Henry Humphreys, Dorchester.

Capt. George W. Cram, Boston, housewright.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 829 ; by Bernard Whit-
man, Waltham — 1st Cor. X. 15th. Printed.

1830.
Col. Frederick W. Lincoln, Canton, iron founder.

Brig. Gen. Lucas Pond, Wrentham. Brigadier
General of the 2d Brigade, 1st Division. Representa-
tive.

Brig. Gen. Preston Pond, Wrentham, brother of
preceding. Representative.

Maj. Joseph W. Lyon, Needham.

Capt. Warren Glover, Dorchester.

Brig. Gen. Samuel Avery, Marblehead, printer ;

424

Major of Artillery. Brig. General 1st Brigade, 2d
Division, 1837.

LiEi>T. Col. Robert C. Winthrop, Boston, lawyer,
brother of Gen. J. T. Winthrop ; graduated at Har.
College, 1 828. He commanded the Boston Light In-
fantry. Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1833. Representa-
tive five years, and Speaker of the House 1838-9. Aid
to Gov. Everett in 1836, and chosen member of Con-
gress, 1841.

RuFus F. Brooks, Boston, tailor.

Capt. Ira Gibes, Boston, wood-wharfinger.

Maj. Joel Powers, Boston.

Joseph W. J. Niles, Boston, shopkeeper.

Capt. Isaac Cook, Jr, Boston, brewer ; died
1831-2.

Capt. Henry W. Kinsman, Boston, lawyer; grad-
uated at Dart. College, 1822. Captain of the City
Guards. Representative five years — removed to New-
buryport. Senator, 1841. Collector of the Port of N.

Col. Ebenezer W. Stone, Roxbury, merchant
tailor in Boston ; Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1832 ; Lieu-
tenant, 1837; Division Inspector. Born in Boston,
June lOth, 1801. Captain of Ar. Co. 1841. Repre-
sentative from R. 1839. A skilful officer and very
amiable man.

Maj. Charles D. Field, Roxbury. Lieutenant of
the Ar. Co. 1832; removed to New York.

Lieut. Col. Jonathan Chapman, Jr, Boston, law-
yer ; graduated a distinguished scholar at Har. College,
1825. Captain of the Rifle Rangers. Aid to Gov.
Everett ; Mayor of Boston.

Ensign Milton Holden, Boston, grocer, brother of
Major Holden, 1828.

425

Capt. Joseph Leonard, Boston, jeweller. Captain
of the Dragoons.

Capt. Stephen Titcomb, Boston.

Capt. Giles T. Crockett, Boston, trader.

Capt. Edward Blake, Boston, lawyer ; graduated
at Har. College, 1824. Captain of Boston Light In-
fantry. President of the City Council.

CoL. Seth J. Thomas, Boston, hatter. Colonel of
3d Regiment. Representative from Charlestown, 1842.

Maj. Judah Alden, Duxbury, yeoman. An officer
in the Revolution. Admitted an Honorary Member.

Stephen Dinsmore, Boston.

Capt. Thomas Goodwin, Boston. Captain of the
Washington Artillery.

Maj. Truman R. Hurlburt, Boston.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 830 ; by Caleb Stetson,
Medford— Rom. XIH. 7th. Printed.

183L

Col. Edward Gordon Prescott, Boston, lawyer ;
son of Hon. William Prescott ; graduated at Har. Col-
lege in 1825. Colonel of the 2d Regiment; Captain
of the Ar. Co. 1833. He was born at Salem, January
1st, 1804, became an Episcopal Clergyman, and set-
tled in New Jersey.

Lieut. William Tewksbury, Boston.

Maj. Benjamin H. Norton, Boston, printer ; Major
of 1st Regiment.

Lieut. Col. Joshua Seward, Boston, clockmaker.

Lieut. Col. Ivers J. Austin, Boston, lawyer ; son
of Hon. J. T. Austin. Lieut. Colonel of 2d Regiment.
Judge Advocate.

426

Maj. Job Taber, Boston, housewright ; officer of the
Fusilliers ; Major of Regiment of Light Infantry ; after-
wards merchant. Lieutenant of Ar. Co. 1838. Born
in Vassalboro', Maine, Jan. 180L

Lieut, Warren Wild, Boston, broker.

Col. Abraham B. Pritchard, Charlestown, leather-
dresser. Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1836. Colonel of
Light Infantry ; removed to Brooklyn, N. Y.

Lieut. Col. James Dewire, Boston, housewright.

Col. Bela Greenwood, Brighton, yeoman. Cap-
tain of the Watertown Artillery ; Colonel of Artillery.
Church member.

Col. Oliver W. Preston, Charlestown.

Lieut. Charles K. Whitney, Boston, fruiterer.

Lieut. John F. Edwards, Boston, housewright.

Ensign William H. Chamberlain, Boston, butcher.

Col. John L. White, Boston, innholder.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1831 ; by Samuel Barrett,
Boston— Ps. II. 11th. Printed.

J 832.

Capt. Benjamin Brown, Marblehead.

Ephraim p. Whitman, Boston, merchant.

George W. Lowell, Boston, housewright.

Lieut. Col. Horace Bacon, Cambridge. Lieut.
Colonel of Artillery, Boston. Postmaster at Roxbury.

Maj. Charles Saunderson, Charlestown. Consta-
ble. Lieutenant of Ar. Co. 1840. Obtained the best
musket shot medal, 1841.

Maj. Gen. Edward W. Bradley, Boston, merchant.

427

Maj. John Hoppin, Boston, wood-wharfinger. Ma-
jor of Artillery,

Maj. John H. Eastburn, Boston, City Printer. Aid
to Gen. Tyler. He was original proprietor of the
" Atlas," and publisher of this edition of the History.

Capt. Joseph C. Broadhead, Boston, merchant.
Brigade Q. M.

Capt. John Y. Champney, Boston, housewright.
Captain of Fusilliers. Died April 20th, 1836, aged 27.

Capt. William S. Cook.

Capt. John D. Haynes, Brighton.

Capt. John Davis, Newton, innkeeper.

Capt. William R. Stagey, Boston, cabinet-maker.

Lieut. Walter W. Upham, Boston.

Lieut. James. H. Foster, Jr, Boston, merchant.

Maj. John M. Robertson, Charlestown, shipwright.

Capt. Thomas O. Brackett, Charlestown. Officer
of Traders' Bank, Boston, — one of the most invincible
friends of the Ar. Co. of modern times.

Lieut. Enoch Perkins, Watertown.

Ensign Warren Davis, Boston, trader ; brother of
Gen. T. Davis, 1828.

Capt. Leverett R. Bradley, Boston.

Lieut. Col. Charles Warren, Brighton.

Capt. Nathaniel P. Snelling, Boston, tailor. Sec-
ond Captain of Mechanic Riflemen. Died May, 1841,
aged 33.

Lieut. John J. Loring, Boston, merchant. Adju-
tant of Beverly Regiment. Clerk of the Ar. Co.

Maj. Levi Lincoln, Worcester, lawyer ; son of Hon.

428

Levi, Lieut Governor of Massachusetts. He graduat-
ed at Har. College 1802, and practised law in Worces-
ter. Representative 1817; Speaker of the House;
Lieut. Governor of Massachusetts 1823, and during the
year appointed Judge of the S. J. Court. In 1 825 he
was chosen Governor. Judge Advocate. He was a
firm friend of the militia. He received the degree of
L. L. D. at Harvard, and was a member of the Am.
Acad, of Arts and Sciences. A Delegate at the Con-
vention of 1820. Representative in Congress till April,
1841, when he was appointed Collector of Boston.

Lieut. Henry Bailey, Boston, hatter.

Capt. Gilman Hook, Dorchester.

CoL. Joseph Porter, Dorchester, (Milton.)

Ensign John A. Barnacoat, Charlestown.

Ensign Simon H. Barrett, Maiden.

Ensign George W. Smith, Boston, grocer.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 832 ; by Charles W. Up-
ham, Salem— Ps. CVII. 7th. Printed.

1833.

Col. William B. Parker, Needham.

Col. John W. Lyon, Needham.

- Maj. Ebenezer W. Calef, Boston, shopkeeper.

Col. Edward Brown, Jr, lumber merchant, Cam-
bridge.

Maj. Samuel Knower, Roxbury, trader. Brigade
Q. M. ; Lieutenant Ar. Co. 1835. Removed to New
York.

Capt. William Wyman, Lowell. Representative.

Capt. Thomas C. Hollis, Boston. First Captain
of Mechanic Riflemen.

429

Capt. Robert T. Alden, Boston, sailmaker.

Benjamin F. Edmands, Boston, bookseller.

Lieut. John E. Hunt, Boston, innkeeper.

Col. Charles A. Macomber, Boston, merchant.
Adjutant of Ar. Co. 1835, and Captain 1839. He was
born at Easton, Mass. June 24th, 1807. Commanded
the "City Guards," and the same corps again under the
name " City Greys." Chosen Colonel of Boston In-
fantry Regiment, 1841. A very accomplished soldier.
The Guards, or Greys, were long the best disciplined
corps in Boston.

Col. Francis R. Bigelow, Boston, merchant; broth-
er of Col. J. P. Bigelow, 1829. Adjutant of the Ar. Co.
1834; Lieutenant 1836. Colonel 2d Regiment, 1836.

Capt. Richard S. Fay, Boston, lawyer ; son of Col.
S. P. P. Fay, of Cambridge. He graduated at Har-
vard College 1825.

Brig. Gen. Grenville T. Winthrop, Boston, law-
yer. Graduated at Columbia College 1827. He com-
manded the Independent Cadets and Fusilliers. Rep-
resentative from Boston 1834. Captain of the Ar. Co.
1834. Representative from Watertown 1840. Twice
chosen Brig. General. A gentleman of great liberality,
and kind, social manners.

Ensign David Davis, Boston, broker.

Capt. David Low, Boston, saddler. Died, 1840.

Col. James Eastabrooks, Boston and Worcester.

Ensign Thomas Dwight, Boston, lawyer; gradu-
ated at Harvard College, 1827. Born at Springfield,
Sept. 27th, 1807.

Ensign Gideon Keith, Boston.

Lieut. Isaac Cary, Boston, bank-note printer.

430

Lieutenant of Ar. Co. 1839. Born in Hon. J. Quincy's
mansion, Quincy, June 25th, 1802.

Capt. William S. Baxter, Boston, commanded
the " Montgomery Guards ;" disbanded by Gov. Ever-
ett. Armorer.

Lieut. Stephen Rhoades, Boston, hatter.

Lieut. Col. Edward F. Hall, Boston, auctioneer.

Patrick Fletcher Bradlee, Boston, ganger.

Maj. Albert McKindry, Dorchester.

Capt. Eliphalet Glidden, Chelsea.

Capt. Joseph Sanger, Watertown. Captain of
Artillery.

At the Anniversary, June 3d, 1833, the Ar. Co. voted
j^200 from their fund towards the erection and comple-
tion of the Bunker Hill Monument.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1833 ; by James Thomp-
son, Salem — Sam. IV. 22d.

1834.

Capt. Ezra Weston, Jr, Boston, lawyer ; gradu-
ated at H. Col. 1829. City Marshal.

Samuel K. Bayley, Boston, auctioneer.

Maj. Samuel H. Mann, Lowell, lawyer. Judge
Advocate. Died 1839.

Capt. Silas Johnson, Boston, trader.

Capt. John Peasley, Boston.

Capt. Oliver Dyer, Boston, trader.

Levi Whitney, Boston, grocer.

Col. William R. Hudson, Boston, iron founder.

Lieut. Col. Reuben Lovejoy, Boston, stabler.

431

Studson Leach, Boston, housewright.
Ensign James B. Nason, Boston, trader.
Lieut. Thomas Moulton, Boston, bricklayer.
Lieut. Charles Trull, Boston, distiller.
William Souther, Boston, bookbinder.
Alexander McGregor, Boston, innkeeper.
Timothy S. Nichols, Boston, painter.

Maj. George F. R. Wadleigh, Boston, trader.
Brigade Q. M.

Ensign Amos C. Mann, Boston.

Maj. Charles Gushing Paine, Boston, lawyer ;
graduated at H. Col. 1827. Major of Light Infantry
Regiment. Commander of Rifle Rangers.

Henry Davis, Boston. Born April, 1803.

JosiAH W. Alexander, Boston, housewright.

David H. Kane, Boston, broker.

Lieut. Samuel F. Bartoll, Boston, painter.

Ensign Matthias M. Moore, Boston, painter.

Lieut. Francis Allen, Boston, housewright.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1834; by Frederick H.
Hedge, West Cambridge — Rom. VIII. 19th. Printed.

1835.
Capt. Jonas Parker, Dedham, painter.

Maj. William B. Perkins, Boston, merchant; suc-
ceeded Maj. Hoppin as Major of Battalion ; Adjutant
of Ar. Co. 1841. Born in Bristol, Maine, Sept. 28th,
1812.

Capt. Charles S. Lambert, Boston, sailmaker.
First Captain of the Highland Guards. Adjutant of Ar.
Co. 1842.

432

Capt. Calvin S. Russell, Boston, printer.

Lieut. Col. Newell A. Thompson, Boston, law-
yer; Adjutant of the Ar. Co. 1838, Lieutenant, 184L
Born in Uxbridge, Dec. 20tli, 1808. Lieut. Colonel
of Light Infantry Regiment.

Brig. Gen. Aurora VV. Oldham, Pembroke, yeo-
man. Brig. General 1st Brigade, 5th Division. Lieu-
tenant of Ar. Co. 1836.

George F. Gwinn, Boston, barber; formerly of
Salem.

Jesse F. Jennings, Boston, innkeeper. Died 1836.

John Green, Jr, Boston, painter ; Representative.
Born in Boston, Dec. 3d, 1789. Twice Captain of
the " Soul of Soldiery," an association of non-com-
missioned officers, formed in 1805.

David S. Paige, Boston.

Lieut. Nathaniel Tufts, Maiden, tinman.

Lieut. Porter Crosby, Boston.

Lieut. Thacher Beal, Boston, mason.

Lieut. Robert H. Clouston, Boston ; housewright.

Capt. Selden Crockett, Boston.

Ensign William E. Evans, Boston, watchmaker.

Capt. Elijah Doe, Boston, stable keeper. Captain
of Boston Artillery.

Maj. Chenery Abbott, Holden.

Maj. Joseph Harrington, Jr, Roxbury, teacher;
graduated at Har. College, 1833. Aid to Gen. Brad-
ley ; afterwards Clergyman at Chicago, 111.

Col. Fisher A. Kingsbury, Weymouth, lawyer.

Lieut. Ziba B. Porter, Brighton, innkeeper.

433

Ensign Stephen O. Copeland, E. Bridgewater,
yeoman.

Capt. Reuben Moore, Concord.

Col. Joshua Gould, Boston. Colonel of 3d Regi-
ment.

Lieut. William C. Christie, Charlestown.

Brig. Gen. Ebenezer L. Barnard, Worcester.
Brig. General 1st Brigade, 6th Division. Representa-
tive.

Lieut. Col. George W. Richardson, Worcester,
lavv^yer; graduated at H. Col. 1829. Aid to Gov.
Davis.

Maj. Edwin Conant, Worcester, lavi^yer ; graduated
at H. Col. 1829. Brigade Major.

Capt. Edward Lamb, Worcester ; druggist, Boston.

Lieut. Col. William S. Lincoln, Worcester, law-
yer ; son of Gov. Lincoln. Lieut. Colonel of Light
Infantry. Removed to Alton, Illinois, 1839.

Maj. Gen. Aaron S. Gibbs, West Boylston. Maj.
General 6th Division, 1838.

Lieut. Col. Andrew L. McFarland, Worcester,
lawyer. Aid to Gov. Davis; died June 25th, 1836.

William Alline, Boston ; officer of the Customs.

Lieut. Henry W. Ridgeway, Boston, merchant.

Lieut. Charles W. Cummings, Boston, black-
smith.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1835; by John G. Pal-
frey, D. D. Professor in Har. College— Rev. III. 2d.
Printed.

434

1836.

Ma J. Melzar Sampson, shipwright, Medford.

Col. William Mitchell, Boston, trader. Colonel
of 1st Regiment. Lieutenant of Ar, Co. 1839. Major
of Light Infantry Regiment.

Capt. Wright S. Keyes, Boston, grocer.

Lieut. John P. Caldwell, Boston, apothecary.

Capt. William G. Fullick, Boston, painter.

Lieut. Col. John W. Boyd, Boston, merchant.
Lieut. Colonel of 2d Regiment.

Ensign Levi Hawkes, Jr, Cambridgeport, tinman;
relative of Capt. Ezra, ante.

Maj. Edward Antill Tappan, Boston, merchant.
Aid to Gen. Amee. Brigade Major. Major of Light
Infantry Regiment.

Lieut. Jonathan Pierce, Boston, pump and block
maker.

Lieut. Seth E. Benson, Boston, merchant.

Capt. John Gordon, Boston, victualler.

Capt. Andrew Chase, Jr, Roxbury, housewright.
Captain of Roxbury Artillery.

Ensign William C. Barrett, Maiden, silk dyer.

Lieut. Augustus L. Barrett, Maiden, silk dyer.

Maj. Samuel A. Allen, Boston, trader. Brigade
Major. Adjutant of Ar. Co. 1839. Author of the
humorous and spirited circular in behalf of the Lan-
cers, occasioned by the riot in 1 842.

Maj. Gen. James D. Thompson, New Bedford,
merchant. Representative.

Lieut. Col. James H. Collins, New Bedford.

435

Lieut. Richard N. Berry, Boston, merchant.

Theodore Washburn, Boston, housevvright.

Ensign William P. Brown, Boston, housewrigbt

Hon. Edward Everett, Boston. Graduated at Har.
College 1811 ; Tutor. Ordained at Brattle st. Church
Feb. 9th, 1814; dismissed March 5th, 1815. Professor
of Greek Literature, Har. College. Member of Con-
gress eight years. Governor of Massachusetts. Hon-
orary member of Ar. Co. Minister to England.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1838; by Chandler Rob-
bins, Boston — Luke III. 14th. Printed.

1837.

Capt. Stephen Stimpson, Maiden, trader. He ob-
tained the musket shot medal, 1840. Captain of the
Maiden Light Infantry.

Lieut. George Kimball, Boston, soapstone manu-
facturer.

Maj. Robert Cowdin, Boston, lumber merchant.
He was born Sept. 18th, 1806 at Jamaica, Vt. Lieu-
tenant of Ar. Co. 1841.

Noah Butts, Charlestown.

Erastus Coleman, Boston, innkeeper.

Abel Gushing, Jr, Boston, merchant.

Col. Joseph Holbrook, Boston.

Col. Henry K. Oliver, Salem, teacher. Colonel of
Salem Regiment. Lieutenant of Ar. Co. 1838.

Maj. Gen. William H. Moseley, Northampton.

Samuel Hatch, Boston, auctioneer.

Maj. Samuel Abbot Lawrence, Boston, merchant.

Maj. Charles J. F. Allen, Boston, appraiser.

436

Maj. J. Dana Adams, Boston, clerk. Died at the
West, 1840-1.

Lieut. Joseph Smith, Boston ; came fromN. Jersey.

James Newell, Boston.

Cornet Jonathan Heath, Boston, livery stable
keeper.

Lieut. Ezra Forrestall, Boston.

Ensign Ephraim L. Snow, Boston. Merchant in
JVew York.

Jarvis Braman, Boston ; born at Holden.

John Holton, Boston, truckman.

Capt. Fred. Cambridge, Boston, leather-dresser.

This year, Queen Victoria, on her accession, appointed her uncle,
Augustus Frederick Duke of Sussex, to be Captain General of the
Hon. Artillery Company, London — an office of no emolument, but
of same rank as Field Marshal, and only held by the Sovereign, or
person nearest in rank.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1837; by Artemas B.
Muzzey, Cambridge — Rom. XIII. 3d, 4th. Printed.

1838.
Amos Lawrence, Esq, Boston, merchant. Admit-
ted an Hon. member for his hberal donation of $200.
Representative.

Hon. Thomas L. Winthrop, Boston, merchant.
Graduated at Har. Col. 1780. A gentleman of ample
fortune, descended from the first Governor of Massa-
chusetts. Representative ; Senator ; Lieut. Governor
of Massachusetts several years, when he retired from
public life. He had a large family, and three of his
sons were members, viz: John Temple, 1822; Robert
C. 1830 ; Grenville T. 1833. He made a donation of
;$flOO to the Ar. Co. Died February, 1841.

437

Maj. James H. Blake, Boston, merchant. City Mar-
shal. Major of Independent Cadets ; brother of Capt.
Edward, 1830.

CoL. Julius C. Steele, Boston, grocer. Colonel of
2d Regiment.

Capt. John K. Corbett, Hingham.

Artemas White, Boston, blacksmith.

Lieut. Ebenezer May Dorr, Boston, merchant.

Capt. Caleb S. Rogers, Boston. Removed to New
Hampshire.

Capt. John B. Ellinwood, Boston. Removed to
New Hampshire.

Maj. Gen. Appleton Howe, Weymouth, physician.
Major General of 1st Division 1839, and again (under
new law) 1841. Graduated at Har. Col. 1815. Sen-
ator from Norfolk 1841 and 2. Born at Hopkinton,
Mass. Nov. 26th, 1792. He is much esteemed as a
citizen, physician, and soldier, being a man of correct
judgment and amiable disposition. His father was a
clergyman in Hopkinton. Captain of Ar. Co. 1 840.

Maj. Thomas C. Webb, Weymouth, grocer. Aid to
Gen. Howe. Became a leather dealer in Boston 1841,
when Orderly of Ar. Co.

WiLLARD W. Codman, Bostou, deutist.
Ezra Trull, Jr, Boston, distiller.
William Howe, 3d, Boston, hatter.
Edward Holbrook, Jr, Boston, merchant.
John W. Warren, Boston, physician.
Lieut. Col. Edward Cazneau, Hingham.

In June of this year, the Company celebrated, with unusual spirit,
their CC Anniversary, About 170 members were present. The

438

"Vanguard of the Veterans" (Maj. B. Russell and others) attracted
special attention. The State fired a salute of 200 guns in the morn-
ing. Thomas Power, Esq, composed an Ode, which was sung by
the Handel and Hajdn Society ; and Mr. Lothrop's Sermon was much
admired. The most remarkable " toast" was Col. R. C. Winthrop's :
" Ballots and Bullets — the paper currency and metallic basis of a
free people ; the former can only be saved from depreciation by
keeping an abundant supply of the latter to redeem it." The invit-
ed guests were numerous — the speeches good — the dinner excellent —
the day auspicious. The celebration was in all respects worthy of
the occasion. The Common was unusually thronged, as if the remi-
niscence of the long and eventful past animated the people.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1838 ; by Samuel K. Lo-
throp, Boston — Deut. IV. 32d. Printed.

1839.

Luke Thomas, Boston, butcher.

Lieut. Col. Augustus Adams, Charlestown and
Cambridge.

Lieut. Freeman L. Cushman, Boston, carpenter ;
successor to Col. Bourne, as City Land Agent.

Lieut. Col. Thomas Hughes, Boston, merchant.
Lieutenant of the Ar. Co. 1841, and Captain of the In-
dependent Cadets. Born at Boston, Nov. 16th, 1805.

Samuel Cooper Thacher, Boston, merchant ; son
of Hon. P. O. Thacher.

Lieut. Noah Lincoln, Jr, Boston, wood-wharfinger.

LiUET. William Eaton, Boston, wood-wharfinger.

Dudley Hall, Boston, merchant.

Nathaniel H. Henchman, Boston, merchant.

Maj. George M. Thacher, Boston, merchant. Ad-
jutant of Ar. Co. 1840. Staff of Gen. Howe. Son of
Hon. P. O. Thacher; born at B. March 5th, 1809.

Charles Everett, Jr, merchant. Removed to 111.

439

George S. Willis, Pittsfield.

Benjamin F. Cross, Boston.

Hon. Marcus Morton, Taunton, lawyer. Judge S.
J. Court. Lieut. Governor and Governor of Massa-
chusetts.

In June, 1839, the By-laws were revised and reprinted with the
Roll. An original discourse, printed by Samuel Green, 1679, by
Rev. John Richardson, Newbury, in 1G75, Artillery Election, June
10th, was found among the papers of the late Rev. Dr. Osgood, of
Medford. David Osgood, M. D. of Boston, presented it, with others
of more recent date, to the Ar. Co. and the Company reprinted it.
The regular Sermon, that year, was (June 3d) by Rev. S. Phillips,
of Rowley. Probably, owing to the excitement of King Philip's
War, the corps adjourned the election to June 10.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 839 ; by Otis A. Skinner,
Boston— Neh. IV. 14th. Printed.

1840.

Maj. Wildes P. Walker, Boston, merchant. Aid to
Gen. Howe.

Charles H. Stearns, Boston.

Lieut. John B. Dale, Boston, U. S. Navy.

Lieut. Asa Law, Boston, machinist.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1 840 ; by Daniel Sharp,
D. D. Boston— Titus III. 1st. Printed.

1841.

Capt. Royal Douglass, confectioner, Cambridge-
port. Lieutenantof Ar. Co. 1842.

Nelson P. Angell, Boston.

Edward R. Broader s, Boston, bookseller.

Oct. 19th, 1841, the Independent Company of Cadets observed
their Centennial Anniversary. Rev. S. K. Lothrop delivered an ex-

440

cellent Address, which was beautifully printed by Maj. Eastburn.
At the election, January, 1842, a standard was presented to this
corps by its past members and officers.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1841 ; by Calvin Hitch-
cock, Randolph— Matt. V. 38th— 41st. Printed.

' 1842.

Brig. Gen. Henry Dunham, Abington, shoe-dealer.

Col. Albert Whitmarsh, Abington, shoe-dealer.

Lieut. Charles Mayo, Boston, lawyer ; born Feb.
10th, 1809, at Brewster.

Artillery Election Sermon, 1842; by J. S. C. Abbot,
Nantucket.

PART II.

A REVIEW OF THE CUSTOMS

We will now explain some of the rights, customs, and
privileges of the Company. Their name by the char-
ter was the Military Company of the Massachusetts.
Probably the names of " the Artillery Company " and
" the Great Artillery," originated by the introduction
of field pieces. The charter has never been revised
by the General Court. The oldest printed sermon
(that of U. Oaks, June 3d, 1672) was delivered "on
the day of the Artillery Election^ All the sermons
printed down to 1708, are said to be delivered before
the Artillery Company^ but this sermon is delivered
before the Honourable Artillery Company. This style
in the title page is uniformly the same until 1738.
Symmes, in his address to the Company, (sermon
1720) says he shall conclude, &c. with an address to
the gentlemen of the Ancient and Honourable Company.
Williams, in 1737, once introduces the words Ancient
and Honourable Artillery Company. Dr. Colman's
Century Sermon, 1738, says — "preached before the
Honourable and Ancient Artillery Company.'^'' From
that period all the sermons printed are preached before
the Ancient and Honourable Artillery Company.

The Legislature in their grants of the Company land,
speak of them as the Artillery Company ; the same phra-
seology is preserved in the oldest records of the Com-
pany. The first mention on record of their using the
word Honourable is in 1743. Nor does it appear they
introduced the words Ancient and Honourable, except-

442

ing once in 1762, long after they had been styled so by
the people, in their records till 1786, when the Com-
pany was revived after the Revolution. The Legisla-
ture in their Militia Laws have since confirmed that
name to them. It is therefore probable they retained
the name of Artillery, after they had relinquished the
use of it, by common consent. The addition of Hon-
ourable was applied by the people on account of the
many distinguished men who had belonged to and
commanded it ; and for the great benefit and service
the institution had rendered the community. This
name for the same reason they continue to merit ; and
the word Ancient has been added by common consent
and usage since the expiration of their first century.

A custom has prevailed in the Company from its first
origin, that every member should sign the Company
book, and procure two bondsmen. In former times
they were undoubtedly held responsible, not only for
the good conduct, but the payment of fines and assess-
ments due from him for whom they became bound.
In modern times the latter part of this obligation has
been in substance done away, it being thought the honor
of each member was pledged to his brethren, and that
honor was of stronger obligation than a sealed instru-
ment. None have ever been allowed as bondsmen ex-
cepting members, and thus in such parts of the roll as
have been lost, we are able with tolerable accuracy
to supply the deficiency. The attachment to each
other, which has ever existed among the members, may
also be attributed to their being mutually bound. This
attachment has not only been evinced by the mutual
interchange of friendship, patronage in business, but
zeal to promote their private happiness, and has extend-
ed to a combined effort in warning the exposed, reliev-
ing the unfortunate and reclaiming the imprudent.
When the Company was formed, a great proportion

443

of the members held no commissions. The number of
trainbands, or corps, were few: as the country increased
in population and new bands were formed, new officers
were wanting, many of whom were selected from this
Company. It was the only school where the military
art was to be learned ; and private citizens, by the
knowledge here obtained, were made the most conspic-
uous candidates for office. The militia companies of
later times not unfrequently selected their officers from
private citizens in the corps. From 1810 to 1820 two
colonels, four majors, eleven captains and twelve subal-
terns were made from private soldiers, either in the
militia, or United States Army.

From the first organization they have exercised the
right of admitting private citizens, and this right openly
exercised and always claimed has been acquiesced in
by all. The Legislature for two centuries have known
it, and tacitly or expressly confirmed it ; — tacitly, by
never forbidding or restraining it ; — expressly, by con-
firming all the ancient rights and privileges of the insti-
tution, although not defining them. The militia laws
since the Revolution are sufficient to establish the right,
even if undisturbed custom was not sufficient. In 1 700,
it became a permanent regulation, that forty privates
might be admitted, and the number was the product of
mutual agreement between all parties interested. This
number was adhered to, until to conform to the militia
laws, in 1798, sixty-four was established as the number,
and in 1840, two-fifths.

March 29th, 1813, some doubts having arisen as to
the exercise of the power in the extent then supposed
to exist, and as a cautionary measure, a Committee
was chosen " to take into consideration the subject of
admitting hereafter members into the Company, who
do not hold, or who have not held commissions." Their
report says,

444

" Your Committee have carefully examined the ancient charter,
and the practice of the Company under the same from its first estab-
lishment to the present time, and the result of their investigation is :
that the charter imposes no restraint on the Company in their yree^y
receiving as members all such persons, as they may choose to admit ;
and the records prove that at every period of its existence, a large
proportion of its most active and useful members have consisted of
those who have not held commissions, but who have by their exer-
tions in its cause, and their martial spirit, most essentially contrib-
uted to its welfare and honor."

ARNOLD WELLES, Per Order.

This right was attempted to be disturbed by some
mihtia officers, not members, who enrolled those mem-
bers within their bounds who had not held commis-
sions, and notified them for trainings; they paid no
attention to the notifications, excepting to inform the
Company ; but the captains who had enrolled them did
not proceed further, to try the question at law.

Although there is reason to beheve that the aged and
infirm, with distinguished men occasionally, and those
who resided at a distance, were considered as honorary
members in the early age of the Company ; yet no par-
ticular regulation on the subject is recorded until 1760,
when it was voted " that those gentlemen, that have
had the honor to receive the badge as Captains of this
Company, may continue their names on the Clerk's
book, and be called over every Muster day, if they
think fit, and not be subject to a fine for non-ap-
pearance." Honorary members appear to have been
created, by vote, immediately after the revival, 1786 ;
but their rights or duties were not defined, until a ques-
tion arose respecting their voting. May, 1812, the
Company decided, " that all honorary members, who
pay the anniversary assessment, are entitled to vote."
In the present regulations the same principle is extended
to the admission of honorary members (of high military
rank) who had not previously been active members.

445

From the above vote in 1760, we perceive also
another custom which had been handed down from the
first ; viz. calhng the roll on field-days, wherein every
member was called by all his titles. This practice was
rigidly adhered to until within a few years. It was the
custom to bring the Company book upon the field, not
only thereby to call the roll, but that all votes and orders
might then be entered ; for all the records previous to
the Revolution appear to be made as on a field-day,
and none at drill meetings. On the parade, of a field-
day, was the place where the names of members with
their bondsmen were signed. These field-days, or
training-days, were originally every month, but they
were afterwards (1637) reduced to five, and recently
to two. The anniversary of election of officers has
invariably been the first Monday in June. In the early
history of the Company they were required to perform
a whole day's duty on each field-day ; in process of
time, 1700, they performed a whole day's duty in May
and September ; and but half a day's duty in April and
October. The field-day in April was considered the
day of inspection. In later times a whole day's duty is
seldom required, except on emergencies, or encamp-
ments.*

The mode of notifying the Company for field-duty
has been peculiar. They were notified in all instances
by the fifes and drums, through the principal streets in
Boston. The displaying the standard at the south cor-
ner of State Street and Cornhill was for a time an aux-
illiary method of giving notice ; but the old method
was in use in 1820. About 70 or 80 years ago, it was
the custom in the forenoon, previous to their muster-
ing, for Ichabod Williston, long celebrated as the Com-
pany drummer, between the hours of eleven and one,

* In 1834, the Corps visited Newton ; ISoS, encamped at Worcester ; 1838,
visited Salem.

446

to march down Middle Street to Winnesimet Ferry,
heating the troop, unescorted, excepting by an innumer-
able company of boys. On his arrival at the Ferry, he
beat the roll three times, shouldered his drum and went
his way. This was called \he first drum ; which became
a bye-word among the workmen in the ship-yards, who
when they began to feel the want of their forenoon
grog and luncheon, used to ask each other, if it was not
time to beat the first drum. Formerly the Company
mustered on the lower floor of the Old State House,
which was called training in the town-house. When on
the march, at stated periods, Williston would beat a
long roll, following it with twice two strokes and a flam.

After the Massacre, March 5th, 1770, this Company
used to parade with two drums and two fifes, and the
militia companies with one. All adopted the quick
time, which had never been practised in Boston,
before the British troops came in 1768. The slow
time was afterwards occasionally resorted to for a
change, and on escort duty. Common time was not
then known or practised. Espontoons were also intro-
duced at this time ; previously the Captain and Lieu-
tenant carried pikes or half pikes. The pike had a
shaft which was several feet longer than those of the
espontoons, headed with a sharp pointed, polished steel
quadrangular blade, eight or ten inches in length, and
on the foot was a large brass ferrule. The Sergeants
always carried halberds, and were never armed with
swords until the Company adopted the addition in
1790. The receiving of the standard on a field-day,
and depositing it after firing, to close the duties of the
day, are ceremonies which were long and scrupuously
observed.

It was provided in the original charter, that no other
Company should train within certain limits on either of
the field-days of this Company. In former times this

447

right was claimed and maintained with great precision.
The Company however authorized their Commander
for the time being, (1657) to permit other companies
to assemble and perform duty in conjunction with the
Artillery Company. The right was claimed in its fullest
extent at all times ; and even as late as the autumn of
1808, when the Company was paraded in upper Faneuil
Hall, under Capt. Melzar Holmes: the Winslow Blues
were found to be assembhng in their armory for a drill
— Capt. Holmes sent a message to them to disperse,
and after a conference between the Commander of the
Blues and Col. Messinger, their former Commander,
a member of the Ar. Co. an order was given dismissing
the Winslow Blues until another day. Of late years
the Company have not enforced this right. The en-
forcement of such a right must necessarily breed con-
tention, and it is anxiously hoped that the harmony
which exists among the several corps so honorable to
them, will not be disturbed, either by the impolitic en-
forcement of the right on the one side, or a wanton
violation of it on the other.

Ever since 1786, the Ar. Co. have annually, in April or May, ap-
pointed a meeting specially for selecting their officers for the year
ensuing. It is probable this custom of caucussing for officers must
have existed previously, since it was then practised by those who had
been members before the Revolution. The records are totally silent
on the subject, except one instance, May, 1760, where the Company
voted that the old commission officers wait on Gen. William Brattle,
and request him to lead the Company the following year. At this
caucus, the senior officer present presides, and a balloting takes
place for a new Commander, and whoever is chosen by a majority is
waited upon immediately by a Committee, and his answer obtained.
The other offices are then filled in succession, until the organization
is complete. The proceedings are kept secret until the form of an
election takes place on the field election day ; and any member di-
vulging the names of candidates or proceedings, is liable to imme-
diate expulsion. The public curiosity is frequently excited to know
who are to be the new officers. These caucusses frequently occupy

448

several evenings, not unfrequently till past midnight, and on one oc-
casion within the compiler's memory, nine different persons vi^ere
selected for a Commander, all of whom refused ; the caucus contin-
ued four nights and one afternoon. Although there frequently are
sharply contested ballots, yet it has never been known that any alter-
ation has taken place from the caucus arrangements ; all the oppos-
ing candidates, with those absent, cheerfully acquiescing — except in
one case of the Clerk, in 183'2, when, by the connivance of the newly
elected Commander, votes were secretly printed and distributed for
another person. The dishonorable trick was not discovered till the
members had unconsciously elected a Clerk they did not intend.

The Company duty and ceremonies of Election day have occa-
sionally varied and been altered, by reason that they were transmit-
ted wholly by oral tradition. Many have desired that they should be
collected and printed as a future guide. The Company assemble in
the morning, at an early hour, at their Armory, in uniform. Being
paraded, they partake of a collation, recently adopted, to prevent the
practice of leaving the meeting-house during the services. They
then march to the State House, where the invited guests assemble.
About twelve o'clock, the Company escort the Governor, Lieut.
Governor and Council, with the Legislature, (when they had a sum-
mer session, who always adjourned upon the occasion,) and the
invited guests, to the First Church, where a sermon is preached.
The services being closed, they escort his Excellency and other
guests to Faneuil Hall, where their annual dinner is provided. At
dinner, the Captain presides at the head of the centre table ; on the
right of the Captain his Excellency is seated ; on the left, the
Preacher, who invokes the blessing ; and next on the left, the Presi-
dent of Harvard University, who, if a clergyman, returns thanks.
The other officers preside at the foot of each table.

In fair weather, the table is dismissed about four o'clock, and his
Excellency with the guests retire. The Company then march to
their allotted square at the north-western corner of the Common,,
where they commence the public ceremonies of the day by calling
the roll of active and honorary members, according to seniority :
they then ballot for officers for the year ensuing. The votes are
counted on the drum-head, and when declared the drummer beats
the roll three times for the Captain, twice for the Lieutenant, and
once for the Ensign. His Excellency and the Council are then in-
formed of the election, and their approbation is requested.

The Company then repair to the State House, and escort the
Governor, Lieut. Governor, Council and invited guests within the
square. On his Excellency's entering the square, a salute of thir-

449

teen guns is fired by the detachment of Artillery. He is then es-
corted to the Chair of State, in the centre of the western side, sup^
ported by the civil department on his right, and military on his left ;
and the Company pay the usual standing and marching salutes.
They then perform such evolutions as the Commander chooses to
exhibit, and then the old Commander wheels the wings inward, form-
ing three sides of a square, when he affectionately takes leave of his
brother officers and soldiers, and inculcates the spirit of subordi-
nation.

The Company being again formed in line, in open ranks, the
music playing common time, the Captain marches from the right as
far as the centre, when he turns to the right and proceeds to the
Governor, to resign the insignia of his office. When the Captain
has arrived at the centre and turned to the right, the Lieutenant
commences marching to the right of the Company, to assume the
command. The last word of command given by the old Commander
is — carry arms ; — at which position they remain until he has saluted
his Excellency and resigned his badges ; when the Lieutenant may
ease the position of the men, remembering to bring them to the
shoulder and support, as the old Captain returns to the ranks. The
old Commander, having arrived at about eight paces distance from
the Governor, halts and pays the standing salute, and advancing a
little, addresses him, concluding by delivering the espontoon to his
Excellency ; he then uncovers and listens to what the Governor shall
say, which being finished, he covers, comes to the right about face
and marches, quick time, through the centre to the rear, where he
is divested of his sword and ornaments, and putting on the accoutre-
ments of the new Commander, who by this time has left his post and
retired to the rear, takes his place in line as a common soldier.
When properly prepared, the new Commander, the music playing
quick time, marches through the centre directly to his Excellency,
halts when eight paces distant, and uncovers. When advanced a
little, the Governor addresses him, usually in the purport of a written
commission, and concludes by placing in his hands the espontoon,
which he receives as soon as he is covered and pays the standing
salute, and then replies to his Excellency in such manner as the oc-
casion may dictate. Upon coming to the right about face, the music
common time, he marches to the centre of the Company. The Lieu-
tenant gives the word, present arms — when he has approached to
about twenty paces distance from the standard ; when he arrives
close in front of the standard, he pays the marching salute and turns
to the left ; at the same time he turns to the left, the old Lieutenant
commences marching to his post on the left of the Company.

450

The first word of command given by the new Commander is —
shoulder arms. After a moment of rest, the old Lieutenant marches
to the centre and turns to the left, common time, and proceeds to
his Excellency, to whom he resigns in a similar manner as the old
Commander, and returns in quick time to the rear. The new Lieu-
tenant proceeds, quick time, to his Excellency, as the new Command-
er had done, where he is commissioned in a similar manner, and hav-
ing received the badge of his office, marches in common time to the
centre, salutes, and, turning to the right, marches to his post on the
left of the Company, who present arms when he is about twenty
paces distant from the standard. The old Ensign then resigns his
office in a similar way, by proceeding directly from his post, and de-
livering the standard to the Governor. Having returned to the rear
of the centre, the new elected Ensign proceeds, and is commissioned
in the same manner ; places the standard in the socket, faces the
Company, and when twenty paces distant from his post, he waves
the standard at the same time they present arms.

When the old officers severally march up, the Company should be
at carry arms; when they return they should be at support arms.
When the newly elected officers severally march up to be commis-
sioned, the Company should be at carry armsj and when they return
the Company should present arms. The espontoon is considered
the commission of the Captain and Lieutenants, the same as the
pike and half pike were formerly, and the standard was the commis-
sion of the Ensign.

The old Sergeants then repair through the centre to the new Com-
mander, and resign their offices by delivering their halberds to the
new Commander, (the drummer receives them,) and they salute, un-
cover, and address the Commander, through the Orderly, and are
addressed by him in a manner similar to the ceremony before re-
lated in regard to commissioned officers. They then return through
the centre to the rear, and exchange places and accoutrements with
the new Sergeants, who repair to the new Commander, and he trans-
mits to them the halberds, and qualifies them. His Excellency is
then informed that the Company is duly organized, and the Com-
mander closes the duty of the day by paying the usual standing and
marching salutes. His Excellency is then escorted to his residence,
and the Company return to Faneuil Hall, where the fatigues of the
day are forgotten in the pleasures of the festive board.

The Company have always considered it improper
for the Lieut. Governor to officiate and receive the
badges of the old officers and commission the new,

45i

when there was a Governor in the actual discharge of
that office. Previous to the Revolution, nothing upon
the subject is found on record ; yet the surviving mem-
bers admitted before, strongly affirm the position here
stated, as that which was transmitted to them from
times long past. From the testimony of an elderly gen-
tleman of great accuracy, the following information is
derived. "At the election, June, 1774, Gov. Gage,
with the General Court at Salem, to which place the
seat of Government was transferred from Boston, by
order of the British Parliament, as part of the punish-
ment of the town of Boston for suffering the East India
Company's tea to be destroyed in the harbor. The
commissions of the officers were exchanged by the Hon.
William Brattle, Esq, Major General throughout the
Province. It was expected that this duty would be per-
formed by Lieut. Gov. Oliver, but on deliberation it was
determined that he held no military rank while the Gov-
ernor was in the Province. Gov. Hutchinson had done
that duty when only Lieut. Governor, but it was after
Gov. PownaPs departure, in 1760, and previous to Gov.
Barnard's arrival. He was then considered Command-
er-in-Chief of the Province."

At the election, June, 1790, the Governor (Hancock)
being indisposed, did not attend the services of the day ;
but the Lieut. Governor and Council did. The weather
was stormy. " The Company proceeded to elect their
officers for the year ensuing in the hall, after which the
commissioned officers repaired to the house of his Ex-
cellency the Commander-in-Chief, with the officers
elect, where the former resigned the badges, and the
latter received them from his Excellency." This cere-
mony was interesting and solemn. The compiler was
informed by an old member (Maj. J. Bray) that Gov.
Hancock was so indisposed that he was bolstered up in

452

his bed, and that the officers repaired to his sick cham-
ber, and the ceremony was performed at his bed-side.

June 3d, 1799, and June, 1835, the badges were re-
signed to, and the newly elected officers invested by, the
Lieut. Governor. No mention is made on record of
the Governor during the day, in 1799. It is supposed,
however, that Gov. Sumner was dangerously sick at his
residence in Roxbury, for he died June 7th, 1799 — and
was buried June 12th. In the arrangement of the pro-
cession there was at first some difficulty about the place
assigned the Company, being nearly last ; but finally a
higher place was assigned them, which was satisfactory.*
If the ceremony is not performed by the Governor, the
oldest Major General in the State present performs the
duty.

On the field day April 7th, 1729, the Company being under arms,
tlie record says: — " Whereas the commissioned officers of this Com-
pany, were absent by illness, and other avocations, the Company by
handy vote, made choice of Lieut. Col. Habijah Savage to lead and
exercise the Company for this day ; which he accordingly accepted,"
and the day's duty was performed under him. Col. Savage was then
a field officer in commission and a soldier in the ranks of the Com-
pany ; hence it is inferred, that the highest commissioned officer
present always commands, and the Sergeants may supply the vacan-
cies according to seniority. If all the commissioned officers should
be absent, a Sergeant in the Company cannot lead them, but they
must by hand vote select a Commander for the time being, who must
be of the rank of a field officer, if one be present, and the Sergeants
may fill the other subaltern offices according to seniority. On the
same principles, if the old Captain should have deceased, or is absent
or confined by sickness, on Election day, the badge of office, the
espontoon, must be resigned by a past Commander to the Governor,
usually the oldest present, and even if he is not in uniform. This
ought to be done by appointment of the Company. So likewise if
the Lieutenant and Ensign, or either of them is absent. When
Gen. Mattoon was confined by the loss of his eye-sight, the badge of

* At the funeral procession in Boston, in honor of the late President Harrison,
the Ar. Co were first; the Scot's Char. Soc. founded about 20 years after, were
placed next. Hon. Lieut. Col, J. Quincy, jr, was Chief Marshal.

453

hrs office was resigned by Gen. J. Winslow, the oldest past Com-
mander living, except his Excellency, in citizen's dress.

The Compnny have not frequently promoted an offi-
cer without his first returning to the ranks and serving
one year at least as a private ; there are, however, some
instances to the contrary, as the reader has seen in the
course of this History.

May 8th, 1761, it was voted, " that whoever may be
Captain of this Company, a Captain in the militia shall
not be obliged to serve otherwise than Lieutenant, and
a Lieutenant in the militia otherwise than as Ensign,
and an Ensign in the militia shall not serve as a Ser-
geant unless a field officer leads the Company." This
vote shows how rigidly the Company adhered, in former
times, to ancient ceremonies and rank.

A custom has also been transmitted, of having what
are called squad meetings. At first, it might appear to
some that they sprang from the usage, long since ex-
tinct, of meeting on the evening of a field day at some
officer's house, as often mentioned in the old records,
for business, and to consult for the Company's welfare ;
this may be their origin, but the connection cannot now
be traced. As practised immediately before and after
the Revolution, they were not a meeting of the whole
Company, but only about a seventh part. The officer
at whose house they assembled, usually in the winter,
was the Commander for the evening. When assem-
bled, they practised in his parlor, the facings, wheelings,
and manoeuvres, generally without arms; and when
that duty was over, sat down to talk over the affairs of
the Company, and canvass the pretensions of candidates
for office at the next election. The evening's duty was
occasionally interspersed with anecdotes, merriment and
songs, and closed with a frugal repast. This having be-
come expensive, the Company, 1819, were induced to

454

regulate the subject ; the report of the Committee there-
on says : —

" That a squad meeting was originally intended to promote social
intercourse, to converse upon subjects tending to the interests of the
Company, and for the furtherance of its military reputation, and not
for the purposes of extravagance and luxury."

The convivial meetings, now discontinued wholly,
served to cement the friendship of members ; so also
have the respectful attentions paid the dead. When a
member dies, they always attend the funeral. When
one who has been an officer in the Company, but had
previously ceased to be a member, dies, they attend in
the same manner. When a past Commander, being a
member, dies, they have paid some additional marks of
respect, — the Company attending and preceding the
corpse, without arms or uniform. When an officer dies
in commission, he is buried under arms ; and when a
non-commissioned officer dies, the Company, in uniform
but not under arms, precede the corpse. When the de-
ceased has in his life time requested these ceremonies
to be omitted, or it is not agreeable to his relations, the
Company who attend walk as citizens only.

What the uniform of the Company was when it was founded, 1637,
or whether they had any uniform, is now unknown. There is a
tradition that originally the officers and members all wore large
white wigs ; but there is nothing certain as to that point. The most
ancient color of the uniform is thus alluded to in Dr. Colman's Cen-
tury Sermon, in 1738, page 27, where he says : " Our scarlet and
crimson can boast no proved valor equal to their hardy buff. Our
children, it may be, would be frighted to see the dress and aspect
of one of their great-grandfathers on such a day as this. They put
on courage and it clothed them, and they took on then an authority,
which together with their righteousness was their crown and diadem.
The Captains awed their families and neighbours by their gravity
and piety, as well as frighted their enemies by their boldness and
firmness. The natives trembled when they saw them train, and old

455

as well as young stood still and reverenced them, as they passed
along in martial order J'

In a note to the words crimson and scarlet, published with the
sermon, the learned Dr. C. says : " A very proper dress for officers
and others in the militia, in my eye ; for 1 think soldiers should
array themselves in a distinguishing habit on their day of training,
if they can well afford it ; and so far as I can remember, or have
been informed, our fathers did so ; so that I could not mean any re-
flection on the present dress of the gentlemen in arms, as some have
been ready to take the words. And as to the present expense, I know
not whether it be much more than our fathers' buff and ribbands
were in their day. And if it be, I suppose the present officers and
soldiers have as good estates to bear it, and many of them much
greater ; though the land is poor and in distress, through want of a
medium for trade, «Si,c."

From the foregoing, we conclude the most ancient uniform was
blue coats, with buff" underclothes ; and that scarlet or crimson was
substituted for blue about 1738, since Dr. C. seems to speak as if it
were recently adopted. Common report speaks of the dress of the
Company as very rich, such as a scarlet coat, crimson silk stockings,
with large gold clocks, and shoes with silver buckles; also a large
cocked hat trimmed with gold lace.

Sept. 2d, 1754, the Company voted " in future to appear on train-
ing days with white silk hose ;" and Sept. 6th, 1756, " that every
person admitted into this Company, for the future, shall provide for
themselves, and appear on each of our training days, with a blue coat
and a gold-laced hat." April 2d, 1770, voted, " that every member
of this Company furnish himself with a pair of white linen spatter-
dashes, against the next Artillery Election day." In May following,
the buttons were fixed upon to be white, and the straps or knee
bands black ; black buttons for the spatterdashes were first intro-
duced August 4th, 1786. July 28th, 1772, "the Company met to
consider of some method to raise the spirit and reputation of the
Company, and keep up the honour they have so long sustained ;"
and they agreed to come into an uniform, viz : " blue coats and
lappcls, with yellow buttons, the cock of the hat to be uniform with
the militia officers — wigs and hair to be clubbed ;" and, soon after,
they fixed the uniform of the music to be, a white cloth coat, with
blue lappels, trimmed with blue and white lining; white linen waist-
coat and breeches, and a cap covered with white cloth and trimmed
with gold binding." Thus the uniform remained, until the meetings
of the Company were suspended by the Revolution.

In January, 1787, the Company adopted a permanent uniform,

456

viz : " coats, deep blue cloth and faced with buff, and straps on the
shoulders to secure the belts, with hooks and eyes at the skirts, the
buttons plain yellow, double washed. 2d. Buff vest and breeches;
buttons uniform with the coat. 3d. Plain black hat, with black
buttons, loop and cockade; cocks to be soldier-like and uniform as
possible. 4th. White linen spatterdashes, to fasten under the foot
and come part up the thigh, with black buttons, and black garter to
buckle below the knee. 5th. White stocks. 6th. Bayonet and pouch
belt white, two and a half inches wide, to be worn over the shoulders.
7th. Pouches to be uniform. 8th, The hair to be qued. 9th. Guns
to be as near uniform as possible. 10th. White ruffled shirts, at
wrist and bosom. The music's uniform to be the same as the Com-
pany, the coats being reversed." This continued the uniform, with
trifling alteration, for twenty-three years; the Company, however,
dispensed with ruffles (at tlie wrist) 179S.

The uniform was altered and precisely arranged, August, 1810,
when the following was adopted, viz : " Chapeau de bras, ornamented
with a fantail cockade, silver loop and button, and a full black plume
eighteen inches long. 2d. Coat — deep blue superfine cloth, with red
facings and white linings; blue shoulder straps, edged with red;
two silver laced button-holes each side of the collar ; diamond on the
skirts ; and white convex buttons, stamped with the arms of the
State and the word Commonwealth. 3d. Waistcoat — white Mar-
seilles, single breasted, with a standing collar. 4th. Smallclothes —
fine white cassimere, with white metal buttons on the knees. 5th.
White stock. 6th. Gaiters — fine white linen, to come up to the
knee-pan over the smallclothes, with black buttons ; a black velvet
knee-strap, with a white buckle ; the shoes to be short quartered and
tied ; long hair, to be braided and turned up, and the whole to wear
powder ; to be worn on the Anniversary. 7th. On other field days,
stock to be black, and the gaiters to be of fine black cassimere, with
black buttons, of the same length with the white, and worn in the
same manner.

In 1819, the plume was changed to v/hite, ten inches long. On
common field days the commissioned officers wore military boots iii-
stead of gaiters. Thus have all the varieties and changes of uniform
been presented the reader that can now be ascertained.

In June, 1820, a Committee reported upyon the expediency of al-
lowing such members as hold commissions to appear in the ranks ia
the uniform of the corps to which they may belong. This report,
being an ample exposition of what the Company was designed for,
we have substantially extracted from the records.

" The Committee, desirous, if so great a change as was contem-

457

plated should be made in the appearance of the Company, that a cor-
respondent effect should be produced in the community, have unof-
ficially conferred with some of the most influential members of the
Civil Government of the State, and with many military officers, who
are not now members of the Company. Besides, the Committee con-
sidered the public as having a direct interest in the question ; for the
Company have never regarded themselves as a private association,
claiming particular privileges for their own advantage ; but, as a
public institution, invested with the greatest powers, for the advance-
ment of the most important public benefits. From the preamble of
the charter, it is to be inferred that the grantees were members of dif-
ferent companies, who were desirous of advancing the military art by
introducing an uniformity of discipline throughout the Province. It
also appears, that their petition was viewed in so favorable a light by
the government, that their request was not only complied with, but
that the authority of appointing its ofiicers was expressly relinquished
by the General Court and Council, and the power of choosing them
granted to the Company. Such a privilege as this would not have
been conferred by an arbitrary government, but upon such individ-
uals as the government itself leaned upon for support. The extent
of the confidence of the Council in them, is to be inferred, as well from
the elective privilege aforenamed, as from the authority which was
given them to assemble in any town within the jurisdiction. Their
military standing and importance is to be deduced from the fact,
that their services in the companies to which they belonged were
considered so indispensable, that those were ordered not to assemble
on the days appointed for the Company meeting. It would seem
also, from the prohibition upon towns not to hold their meetings upon
the days of the Company training, that the grantees and their asso-
ciates were not only of importance as military men, but that, like
those who now sustain military offices, they were persons possessed
of important useful influence in the political concerns of the coun-
try. Surely great value must have been attached to an institution,
to which was given such high and unusual privileges, and to which
was added a grant of land, to aid it in the accomplishment of its
public objects.

"The patriotic spirit evinced by the founders of the Company, has
since exhibited itself in various periods of its history. This was suc-
cessfully appealed to by Gov. Bowdoin, at the time of the insurrec-
tion, in 1786. Their conduct on that, and several other occasions,
was highly exemplary ; and it is with no small degree of pride and
pleasure, in looking over the rolls and records of the Company, that

the Committee find that those who have succeeded to the immuni-
se

458

ties and honors of the original grantees, have been possessed of sim-
ilar influence and character. That such has ever been the case, is
evident from its history ; and its records discover that its utility has
been the foundation of the continued patronage of the government,
shown to it in additional grants of land by the Legislature; their re-
mission of taxes on its property, and the distinguished honors annu-
ally conferred on it by the Executive.

" The Charter of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company
contains principles which are now considered as vital in our political
institutions.

" The annual election of its Company officers, from the highest to
the lowest, and their return to the ranks, obeying the will of their
successors in authority, at the expiration of their term of service, is
an archetype of the elective rights guaranteed to us by the charter of
our civil government ; and from the practice of this Company in the
choice of its officers for a century and an half, our statesmen were
convinced, that by extending the elective franchise to the Militia, its
strength, influence and respectability would be increased. Their
wisdom has been proved in both cases. The elective principle as
applicable to civil rulers, has been adopted in every State ; but those
who had never seen the principle of the election of military officers
practically illustrated, nor witnessed its salutary effects, retained the
power of appointment in the Executive authority. The elective
principle, as applied to military officers, may be reckoned among
the chief causes why men of more distinction and intelligence have
accepted of commands in the Blilitia of this State than in others
where it is not admitted, and, consequently, why we have a better
Militia than in those where the officers are appointed by the Execu-
tive authority.

" The reverence which is felt for one of the first establishments of
our ancestors, the particular advantage which the country has de-
rived from it, and its general influence, the Committee think, will
ever cause its character to be respected ; while the pride of charac-
ter, which distinguishes its members, they hope will prevent it from
degenerating into an institution of useless ceremony, for the amuse-
ment of holiday admirers. Though this should not be the effect of
design, it might arise from that inertness in its members, which
would content itself with upholding the Company to its former re-
spectable footing, notwithstanding the public exhibitions of other
companies should demonstrate that its relative importance was lost.

" The Company should have, for its chief objects, the attainment
and diffusion of military knowledge. It should be able to teach the
learned and instruct the skilful. It is denominated " the Military

459

Company of Massachusetts ;" and as such it should take and keep the
lead of all the military companies and associations in the State ; and
on its days of election and public parade, it should exhibit, as they
are discovered, all new improvements in exercise and manoeuvres.
It should be the tribunal, to which all oiHcers should appeal, for cor-
rect decisions upon theoretical points ; and soldiers, for practical
illustrations of them. When the Company shall aim at these ob-
jects, it may be presumed that the increased share of public atten-
tion which it will receive, will be usefully bestowed ; and that the
officers of all grades, and corps of the militia, will be desirous of
joining it; and thus, as a school of officers, it will have an impor-
tant influence in producing an uniformity of drill and discipline in
all the divisions of the State.

" Among the reasons why the Company Roll is not larger, it is
thought, the by-law prohibiting the admission of any person into it
who is not twenty-one years old, may be reckoned.

" There are two other principal reasons, which have operated to
prevent the enlargement of the Company Roll. The first is, that
other Companies discover more ambition and military ardor than
ours, which is composed of older men, who do not possess their
activity of muscular action, and who have served so long as to have
lost the excitement of novelty. The second, that the Company, as
at present conducted, does not offer sufficient attractions to those,
who are thus advanced in age, as well as in military experience, to
induce them to purchase new uniforms, and subject themselves, in
addition, to the payment of a heavy annual assessment. Upon these
objections, the Committee were of opinion, that if the second can
be removed, as many younger men would become members of the
Company, its esprit du corps would, of itself, be sufficient to obviate
the first.

'* Your Committee will not discuss the public advantages which
would arise from establishments for the drilling of officers. As those
are well known, it is sufficient for them to observe, that in almost
every petition which has been presented to the General Court, for
the amendment of the militia law, this has been enumerated among
the most important of those which have been named. The popular
sentiment, therefore, as well as the sound judgment of the commu-
nity, is in favor of such a modification of it. The Company, accord-
ing to the spirit of their charter, may anticipate the amendment of
the law, by making the Company what it was designed to be at
its institution, a school of, and for officers, with confidence that
its efforts will be encouraged by the Legislature. But, to make
it as extensively useful as its powers admit, the objection of many

460

officer?, which arises from the expense of providing a new uni-
form, and paying a considerable annual assessment besides, must
be obviated. For it cannot be supposed by any one, that if the Gen-
eral Court should adopt any plan for drilling the officers of the mili-
tia, either in regiments or brigades, that they would require them to
provide a separate uniform for the purpose.

"A fear was entertained, that if the uniform of the Company was
changed, the identity of the Company would be lost to the public ;
and it was observed, that though such changes might be becoming
in younger institutions, yet, as the dignity of ours consisted in its
antiquity, its distinguishing characteristic by a change of uniform
would be lost. But, as the Company have already had four, and, as
it is supposed, six different uniforms, it was concluded that the ob-
jection weighed less against the proposed alteration in this, than it
would against a change of uniform in any other Company.

" There was also another objection, arising from the singularity of
the appearance which the Company would present if the plan was
adopted, which occurred to almost every one, upon its first promul-
gation. The Company, it is supposed, was first uniformed in 1738,
and for a long time it was the only uniformed Company in the State.
In 1772, Avhen they adopted a new uniform, considering themselves
as a Company of officers, they had distinct regard and reference to
that worn by the militia. And in 1810, the uniform then worn was
entirely laid aside, and that which was established for the field and
company officers of the Militia Infantry, upon the same principle of
convenience and accommodation, was adopted by the Company.
In searching its history, your Committee have, besides these, found
continued instances of a disposition in the Company to meet the
views and wishes of the militia officers, who, until within a few years
back, it must be inferred from the records, have had the principal
regulation of the Company affairs. In one instance, a Committee
was appointed ' to wait upon the field officers of the regiment, to
know if they, either of them, would take the command of the Com-
pany the ensuing year.' This vote was passed in 1772, and shows
that until that time, at least, the Company was chiefly composed of
militia officers. Since that period, very great changes have taken
place in our military as well as civil institutions. Our militia is not
now confined to Artillery, Cavalry and Infantry Corps; but Light In-
fantry, Grenadier and Rifle Companies have been established. As
these are composed of such as voluntarily enlist into them, they are
generally distinguished for the beauty of their dress, the excellence
of their discipline, and the extent of their military attainments. Can
any good reason be offered, then, why the officers of these companies.

461

as well as others, should not be admitted into the Company, without
being at the expense of providing new uniforms?

"The objection under consideration, arising from the singularity
of the appearance which the Company would present, it is admitted
might be urged with great propriety against any other company than
this ; for they consist principally of privates ; whereas, this is prin-
cipally composed of ojficcrs.

" Upon the whole, then, the Committee are unanimously of opin-
ion that the proposition submitted to their consideration should be
adopted, and that the following alterations in the rules and regula-
tions of the Company should accordingly be made : —

*' Members of the Company who hold, or who have held commis-
sions in the militia, may appear in the uniform of their respective
offices; provided, that the commissioned officers of the Company
©nly shall be permitted to wear in it the insignia of their militia
offices.

" The number of officers of the Company shall be proportioned
to the number of its active members, and shall be fixed previous to
the election of otficers annually.

"The members of the Company shall wear a herring-bone, or the
number of them to which they are entitled by the rules of the Com-
pany, at all times, on their military coats, as a badge of membership.

*' Officers of the militia, though under the age of twenty-one years,
may be admitted into the Company as members."

September Cth, 1820, the above Report was unanimously adopted ;
the entrance money was reduced from fifteen to ten dollars, since
reduced to five dollars.

In October, 1841, it was voted to adopt for the Infantry the Con-
tinental uniform, as the same appears in Washington's portrait in
Faneuil Hall. In 1839, all fines were abolished.

The proceeds of the Company lands were not invested in stocks
till after the Revolution. Part of their funds had at times been in-
vested in mortgages of Copp's Hill and certain lands in Charlestown
Square ; also. Col. Blanchard's mortgage ; also, in bonds of individ-
uals. Mortgages, however, proved injurious to the Company, not
being able to command the interest when due and needed. Invest-
ment in stocks has been attended with many facilities and little loss.

The Clergy have always taken a strong interest in the welfare of
the Company, with the exception of the Rev. John Pierpont. They
have been ever welcome guests on its anniversary ; but they have
become so numerous, the invitations are confined to the preachers of

462

its sermon. Annually, in April, a clergyman in the State, without
regard to religious sentiments, is nominated by the ('ommander to
preach the ensuing Election Sermon. The Commander of right
nominates, and the Company have never negatived the nomination.
The commissioned officers for the year are the Committee to wait
on the Chaplain and request a copy of the sermon for the press.
Formerly, the field officers of Boston Regiment, and the Treasurer,
were of this Committee. Once more, in review of their friendly ser-
vices, for two centuries, we, the present members, would record the
thankful recollection of the past Preachers.

From June 5th, 1731, to this day, the custom has been to present
the preacher fifty copies of his sermon. Many learned and patriotic
discourses have been delivered* and printed, and preserved in the
historical and literary archives. From the talents and influence ex-
erted on this occasion, many bright ornaments of the Church have
been brought into public notice and deserved distinction. And,
finally, many excellent Odes have been written for the Anniversary,
by McLellan, Power, and others but we have only room for one,
composed by Rev. N. L. Frothingham, D. D. and sung at the
Church, June, 1841 : —

Sons of the free, be true to glory,

And be that glory true — and wise!
O heed your noble fathers' story!

O see the waiting nation's eyes!
That story fires the world already

With generous deeds for freedom done; —
Those eyes pursue the westering sun,
To watch you with their gazes steady.
Stand close — ye chosen line,

And vindicate your birth!
March on! — your banner'd stars sliall shine
A blessing o'er the earth!

No spoil that's won by fraud or plunder

E'er swell the treasures of your State!
No wars, with fratricidal thunder,

Storm out your place among the great!
Let master-skill, and patient labor,

And heaven's own gifts, your store increase;

And be the strength of honest peace
For fiery shot and bloody sabie.
Stand close, &c.

* April 20th, 1682, Dr. Sprat preached tlie Election Sermon before the Artillery
Company in London, at St. Mary Le Bow— Sir William Prichard being President;

Sir James Smith, Vice President; Sir Andrew , Treasurer, Text from

Luke: " He that hath no sword, let him sell his garment and buy one."

463

Ye late were few, that now arc many;

Ye late were weak, that now are strong; —
Beyond the ridgy Alleghany,

From sea to sea ye roll along.
O keep the brother-bond forever,

That knits your numbers into one!

Be sure your praise is all undone,
Should jealous feuds that Union sever.
Stand close, &;c.

Let knowledge wear her crown npon her!

Your cry go forth : more light! more light!
And every spot that marks dishonor

Fade off from all your 'scutcheons white!
Through glowing suns and sleety weather, —

Let weal or adverse fates befall, —

Together hark to God's great call,
And rise and reign, or sink — together.
Stand close, &c.

Set high the throne of heavenly Order;

Revere the shield and blade of Law; —
From central point to farthest border,

Beheld with love, obeyed with awe.
Unruly factions ne'er mislead you!
Calm as the angel Michael stood.
Keep at your feet hell's ruffian brood,
With right to arm, and God to speed you!
Stand close — ye chosen line.
And vindicate your birth!
March on! — your banner'd stars shall shine
A blessina o'er the earth.

A pattern of the Continental uniform, adopted last autumn, was
beautifully made by Lieut. Col. E. W. Stone, Commander, and the
member for whom it was prepared was requested to wear it on the
coming anniversary. Owing to the embarrassments of the times, its
general adoption was postponed.

May 10th, 1842, died in Boston, Zechariah Hicks, a past member,
aged 87. " Upright and honorable in his dealings."

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Full text of "The history of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, from its formation in 1637 and charter in 1638, to the present time; comprising the biographies of the distinguished civil, literary, religious, and military men of the colony, province, and commonwealth"

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